EN 4408-005:2005

Aerospace series - Technical drawings - Representation of parts made of composite materials - Part 5: Seams

This standard specifies the representation of seams of composite materials as well as the information to be indicated in technical drawings.
It is applicable to aerospace structures using items linked by seams in dry fabrics, prepregs, film, etc.
It shall be used together with EN 4408-1.

Luft- und Raumfahrt - Technische Zeichnungen - Darstellung von Teilen aus Verbundwerkstoffen - Teil 5: Nähte

Diese Norm legt die Darstellung von Nähten aus Verbundwerkstoffen sowie die Informationen, die auf technischen Zeichnungen angegeben werden müssen, fest.
Die Norm kommt auf Luft- und Raumfahrtstrukturen zur Anwendung, in denen Teile verwendet werden, die durch Nähte in trockenen Geweben, vorprägnierten Geweben, Filmen usw. verbunden sind.
Sie muss zusammen mit EN 4408 001 verwendet werden.

Série aérospatiale - Dessins techniques - Représentation des articles en matériaux composites - Partie 5 : Coutures

Aeronavtika – Tehniške risbe – Prikaz delov, izdelanih iz kompozitov – 5. del: Šivi

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-May-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Nov-2005
• ICS: 01.100.99 - Other standards related to technical drawings
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: ASD-STAN - Aerospace
• Drafting Committee: ASD-STAN/D 1 - General
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 11-May-2005
• Completion Date: 11-May-2005
• Ref Project: SIST EN 4408-005:2005 - Aerospace series - Technical drawings - Representation of parts made of composite materials - Part 5: Seams

Overview

EN 4408-005:2005 - part of the European Aerospace series - specifies how seams in composite materials must be represented and documented on technical drawings. Published by CEN (prepared by AECMA-STAN), it applies to aerospace structures using seams in dry fabrics, prepregs, films and similar substrates. The standard defines the graphic symbols, tables and required information for both fibre grafting seams and sewn seams, and is intended to be used together with EN 4408-001 (General rules).

Key topics and requirements

• Scope and purpose: Uniform representation of seams in composite parts on aerospace technical drawings to ensure clear communication between design, manufacturing and inspection.
• Seam types covered:
  • Fibre grafting (change of fibre direction, needling, percentage of grafted fibres).
  • Sewn seams (assembly vs. reinforcing seams, lacing, needling).
• Design parameters to indicate:
  • Start/stop points of graft or seam, linked layer thickness, end limits.
  • Stitch type, stitch pitch, row pitch, link kind and section, and link tension (daN) where applicable.
  • Percentage of grafted fibres or alternate criteria for performance definition.
• Drawing elements and representation:
  • Use of graft table / seam table associated with the lay-up table.
  • Defined drawing symbols for start point, direction, thickness range, and needle side.
  • Fine dotted lines for seam lines and specific symbols for stitch locations.
• Stitch definitions and codes:
  • Annex A gives stitch examples and yarn passage. Recommended stitch numerical codes include: 101 (1‑thread chain), 204 (cross), 206 (shell scallop), 209 (slip), 301 (lockstitch), 304 (zigzag), 401 (2‑thread chain).

Applications

• Creating and interpreting aerospace technical drawings for composite assemblies.
• Specifying manufacturing instructions for composite lay-up, sewing or grafting operations.
• Enabling quality control, inspection and acceptance criteria for stitched or grafted joints.
• Informing procurement documents, manufacturing work orders, and CAD/CAM drafting templates.

Who uses this standard

• Aerospace design engineers and structural drafters
• Composite manufacturing engineers and technicians
• Quality assurance / Inspectors and certification authorities
• CAD specialists preparing composite part drawings
• Suppliers producing stitched or grafted composite components

Related standards

• EN 4408-001 (Aerospace series - Technical drawings - Part 1: General rules) - mandatory companion standard for lay-up and general representation rules.

Using EN 4408-005:2005 ensures consistent, unambiguous representation of seams in composite parts, improving manufacturability, inspection and cross-organization communication across aerospace composite supply chains.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2005
Aeronavtika – Tehniške risbe – Prikaz delov, izdelanih iz kompozitov – 5. del: Šivi
Aerospace series - Technical drawings - Representation of parts made of composite
materials - Part 5: Seams
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Technische Zeichnungen - Darstellung von Teilen aus
Verbundwerkstoffen - Teil 5: Nähte
Série aérospatiale - Dessins techniques - Représentation des articles en matériaux
composites - Partie 5 : Coutures
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 4408-005:2005
ICS:
01.100.99 'UXJLVWDQGDUGLY]YH]LV Other standards related to
WHKQLþQLPULVDQMHP technical drawings
49.020 Letala in vesoljska vozila na Aircraft and space vehicles in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 4408-005
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2005
ICS 01.100.99; 49.020
English version
Aerospace series - Technical drawings - Representation of parts
made of composite materials - Part 5: Seams
Série aérospatiale - Dessins techniques - Représentation Luft- und Raumfahrt - Technische Zeichnungen -
des articles en matériaux composites - Partie 5 : Coutures Darstellung von Teilen aus Verbundwerkstoffen - Teil 5:
Nähte
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 July 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 4408-005:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Seams made by fibre grafting .7
4.1 Design parameters.7
4.2 Representation in the graft table .7
4.3 Representation on the image .7
5 Sewn seam.9
5.1 Design parameters.9
5.2 Representation symbols in the sewing table.9
5.3 Representation on the image .9
5.4 Recommended stitches.10
Annex A (informative) Examples of stitches .11
A.1 1-thread chain stitch.11
A.1.1 Barred witch stitch or cross stitch .11
A.1.2 Shell scalloping stitch .11
A.1.3 Front stitch or slip stitch .12
A.1.4 Lockstitch.12
A.1.5 Zigzag stitch.13
A.2 2-thread chain stitch.13
Bibliography.15

Foreword
This document (EN 4408-005:2005) has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace
Manufacturers - Standardization (AECMA-STAN).
After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has
received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of
AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2005.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document makes reference to textile standards which quote two types of seams, these being:
 assembly seam;
 reinforcing seam.
The assembly seam undergoes a mechanical effort which is not the case of the holding seam. This distinction
may appear necessary in the case of dry fabrics, whereas in aerospace applications there is a systematic
curing or densification, therefore it would appear difficult to distinguish them as far as the ready-for-use
product is concerned.
The technical definition of seams is required for reinforcing seams.
1 Scope
This standard specifies the representation of seams of composite materials as well as the information to be
indicated in technical drawings.
It is applicable to aerospace structures using items linked by seams in dry fabrics, prepregs, film, etc.
It shall be used together with EN 4408-001.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 4408-001, Aerospace series – Technical drawings – Representation of parts made of composite materials
– Part 1: General rules.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 4408-001 and the following apply.
3.1
assembly seam (retention)
it cannot endure any notable effort in using the item
3.2
fibre grafting
action of changing the direction of fibres in an element with or without penetration in another element
3.3
lacing
liaison obtained by a continuous link passed through previously perforated holes
3.4
needling
consolidation of a fibre lap by entanglement using numerous penetrations of spring needles
Needling is a means of fibre grafting (see Figure 1).







Manufacturing 4 5
direction
Key
1 Superposed fibre lap
2 Spring needles
3 Entangled fibres
4 Support fabric
5 Fibres pulled through when needling
Figure 1
3.5
percentage of grafted fibres
quantity of fibres grafted compared to the total quantity of fibres in a basic element, which implies a
homogeneous distribution of grafting points in the area in question
3.6
reinforcing seam
it endures an important part of the effort impo
...