EN 17199-3:2019

Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 3: Continuous drop method

This document provides the methodology for measuring the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the continuous drop method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables
a)   the measurement of the respirable and, optionally, the inhalable dustiness mass fractions,
b)   the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to  about 1 µm,
c)   the measurement of the number-based emission rate of particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
d)   the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released aerosol in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 10 µm, and
e)   the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable dustiness mass fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by analytical electron microscopy.
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules or pellets containing or releasing respirable NOAA or other respirable particles in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 1   Currently no number-based classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates have been established. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise this document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 2   The methods specified in this document have not been evaluated for nanofibers and nanoplates.

Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die alveolengängige NOAA oder andere alveolengängige Partikel enthalten oder freisetzen - Teil 3: Verfahren mit kontinuierlichem Fall

Diese Europäische Norm enthält die Methodik für die Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die Nanoobjekte oder Partikel im Submikrometerbereich enthalten oder unter wiederholbaren und Standardbedingungen freisetzen, und legt zu diesem Zweck das Verfahren mit kontinuierlichem Fall fest.
Darüber hinaus legt diese Europäische Norm die Auswahl der Instrumente und Vorrichtungen sowie die Verfahren für die Berechnung und Präsentation der Ergebnisse fest. Des Weiteren enthält die Norm eine Anleitung für die Auswertung und Angabe der Daten.
Die in dieser Europäischen Norm festgelegte Methodik ermöglicht
a)   die Messung des Massenanteils an alveolengängigem und einatembarem Staub,
b)   die Messung des zahlenbasierten Staubindex alveolengängiger Partikel im Größenbereich zwischen ungefähr 10 nm und 1 000 nm,
c)   die Messung der zahlenbasierten Emissionsrate alveolengängiger Partikel im Größenbereich zwischen ungefähr 10 nm und 1 000 nm,
d)   die Messung der zahlenbasierten Größenverteilung des freigesetzten Aerosols im Größenbereich zwischen ungefähr 10 nm und 10 µm und
e)   die Sammlung freigesetzter Schwebstoffe in der alveolengängigen Fraktion für anschließende Beobachtungen und Analysen durch analytische Elektronenmikroskopie.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für die Prüfung einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Schüttgüter einschließlich Pulver, Granulate oder Pellets, die Nanoobjekte oder Partikel im Submikrometerbereich in ungebundener, gebundener und unbeschichteter und beschichteter Form enthalten oder freisetzen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für alle Schüttgüter, die Nanopartikel enthalten oder während der Handhabung freisetzen.
ANMERKUNG 1   Bisher wurde noch kein zahlenbasiertes Klassifizierungsschema im Hinblick auf Staubungsindizes oder Emissionsraten entwickelt. Schließlich, wenn eine große Anzahl an Messdaten vorliegt, ist beabsichtigt, diese Europäische Norm zu revidieren und ein solches Klassifizierungsschema einzuführen.
ANMERKUNG 2   Die in dieser Europäischen Norm festgelegten Verfahren wurden nicht für Nanofasern und Nanoplättchen beurteilt.

Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux en vrac contenant ou émettant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA) ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire - Partie 3: Méthode de la chute continue

Le présent document décrit la méthodologie permettant de mesurer le pouvoir de resuspension de matériaux en vrac contenant ou émettant des NOAA ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire dans des conditions normalisées et reproductibles et spécifie, à cette fin, le but de la méthode de la chute continue.
Le présent document spécifie le choix des instruments et dispositifs ainsi que les procédures de calcul et d’expression des résultats. Il fournit également des lignes directrices concernant l’évaluation et la consignation des données.
La méthodologie décrite dans le présent document permet :
a)   le mesurage des fractions massiques des poussières alvéolaires et, facultativement, inhalables ;
b)   le mesurage de l’indice du pouvoir de resuspension en nombre des particules dans la plage granulométrique comprise entre environ 10 nm et 1 µm ;
c)   le mesurage du taux d’émission en nombre des particules dans la plage granulométrique comprise entre environ 10 nm et 1 µm ;
d)   le mesurage de la distribution granulométrique en nombre des particules d’aérosol libérées dans la plage granulométrique comprise entre environ 10 nm et 10 µm ; et
e)   la collecte des particules en suspension dans l’air libérées dans la fraction massique des poussières alvéolaires pour des observations et une analyse supplémentaires par microscopie électronique.
Le présent document est applicable aux essais relatifs à une gamme étendue de matériaux en vrac, y compris des matériaux granulaires, en poudre ou sous forme de pastilles contenant ou émettant des NOAA ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire sous formes revêtues, non revêtues, liées et non liées.
NOTE 1   Aucun système de classification basé sur le nombre en termes d’indices de pouvoir de resuspension ou de taux d’émission n’a encore été établi. Dès lors que des données de mesure seront disponibles en grand nombre, il est prévu de réviser le présent document et d’introduire un tel système de classification, le cas échéant.
NOTE 2   Les méthodes spécifiées dans le présent document n’ont pas été évaluées pour les nanofibres et les nanofeuillets.

Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Meritve prašnosti razsutih materialov, ki vsebujejo ali sproščajo respirabilne nanopredmete ter njihove agregate in aglomerate (NOAA) in druge respirabilne delce - 3. del: Metoda trajnega padanja

Ta evropski standard določa metodologijo za merjenje prašnosti razsutih materialov, ki vsebujejo ali sproščajo nanopredmete ali submikrometrske delce v standardnih in ponovljivih pogojih, ter za ta namen določa metodo trajnega padanja.
Poleg tega navaja ta evropski standard tudi izbiro instrumentov in naprav ter postopke za izračun in predstavitev rezultatov. Podaja tudi smernice za vrednotenje in poročanje podatkov.
Metodologija, ki je opisana v tem evropskem standardu, omogoča:
a)   merjenje masnih deležev pri respirabilni in inhalabilni prašnosti,
b)   merjenje indeksa prašnosti respirabilnih delcev na podlagi števila v razponu velikosti od približno 10 nm to 1000 nm,
c)   merjenje stopnje emisij respirabilnih delcev na podlagi števila v razponu velikosti od približno 10 nm to 1000 nm,
d)   merjenje porazdelitve velikosti sproščenega aerosola na podlagi števila v razponu velikosti od približno 10 nm to 10 µm,
e)   zbiranje sproščenih lebdečih delcev v respirabilnih deležih za nadaljnje opazovanje in analizo z analitsko elektronsko mikroskopijo.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za preskušanje širokega nabora razsutih materialov, vključno s praški, granulami in peleti, ki vsebujejo ali sproščajo nanopredmete ali submikrometrske delce v nevezani, vezani, prevlečeni ali neprevlečeni obliki.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za vse razsute materiale, ki vsebujejo nanodelce ali med ravnanjem z njimi sproščajo nanodelce.
OPOMBA 1:   Za indekse prašnosti ali stopnje emisij trenutno še ni vzpostavljena nobena klasifikacijska shema na podlagi števil. Ko bo sčasoma pridobljenih veliko merilnih podatkov, je predvidena revizija tega evropskega standarda in uvedba take klasifikacijske sheme, če bo to ustrezno.
OPOMBA 2:   Metode, ki so navedene v tem evropskem standardu, še niso ocenjene za nanovlakna in nanoplošče.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-Mar-2019
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Sep-2019
• ICS: 13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 137 - Assessment of workplace exposure
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 137/WG 3 - Particulate matter
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 01-Nov-2024
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Mandate: M/461 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for Standardization activities regarding Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials
• Ref Project: SIST EN 17199-3:2019 - Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 3: Continuous drop method

Overview

EN 17199-3:2019 - Workplace exposure: Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA (nano‑objects, their aggregates/agglomerates) or other respirable particles - Part 3: Continuous drop method.
This CEN standard defines a laboratory methodology to measure the propensity of bulk materials (powders, granules, pellets; unbound, bound, coated) to generate airborne respirable particles under reproducible, simulated workplace handling (tipping, pouring, dropping). The method specifies instrument selection, test procedure, data evaluation and reporting for mass‑ and number‑based dustiness metrics.

Key topics and requirements

• Test principle: The continuous drop method (CDD) simulates material handling by continuously dropping bulk material into a test chamber and measuring released aerosol.
• Measured outcomes:
  • Respirable and (optionally) inhalable dustiness mass fractions (mass‑based).
  • Number‑based dustiness index and number‑based emission rate for particles ~10 nm to ~1 µm.
  • Number‑based particle size distribution of released aerosol from ~10 nm up to ~10 µm.
  • Collection of respirable fraction for off‑line analysis by SEM/TEM.
• Instrumentation and devices: Specifies appropriate instruments (e.g., CPCs, mobility/optical sizers, APS) and calibration principles; selection must enable required size and counting ranges.
• Procedures: Standardized conditioning of materials/equipment, sample preparation (moisture, bulk density), test execution, data calculation and presentation, and guidelines for evaluation and reporting.
• Limitations & notes:
  • Methods not evaluated for nanofibers and nanoplates.
  • No established number‑based classification scheme yet - intended future revision when sufficient data are available.

Applications and users

• Who uses it:
  • Occupational hygienists and exposure assessment labs
  • Manufacturers and formulators of powders/nanomaterials
  • Product safety and EHS managers
  • Researchers and regulators assessing inhalation risk
• Practical uses:
  • Compare dustiness of candidate materials to inform selection or reformulation.
  • Inform engineering controls, PPE and handling procedures in workplaces.
  • Generate aerosol size distributions and particle morphology for hazard characterization.
  • Support regulatory dossiers and risk assessments involving nano‑enabled materials.

Related standards

• EN 17199-1: Requirements and choice of test methods (related framework)
• EN 17199-2, EN 17199-4, EN 17199-5: Other dustiness test methods (rotating drum, vortex shaker, small drum)
• EN 15051-1 / EN 15051-3: Dustiness measurement and continuous drop apparatus dimensions
• EN 16897, ISO/TS 80004-2, EN 1540: Instrumentation, terminology and nanoparticle vocabulary

Keywords: EN 17199-3:2019, continuous drop method, dustiness, NOAA, respirable particles, dustiness index, emission rate, particle size distribution, workplace exposure.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2019
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Meritve prašnosti razsutih materialov, ki
vsebujejo ali sproščajo respirabilne nanopredmete ter njihove agregate in
aglomerate (NOAA) in druge respirabilne delce - 3. del: Metoda trajnega padanja
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or
release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 3: Continuous drop method
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten oder freisetzen - Teil 3: Verfahren mit
kontinuierlichem Fall
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux
en vrac contenant ou émettant des nano-objets et leurs agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA)
ou autres particules en fraction alvéolaire - Partie 3: Méthode de la chute continue
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17199-3:2019
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 17199-3
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.30
English Version
Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk
materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other
respirable particles - Part 3: Continuous drop method
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage du Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung des
pouvoir de resuspension des matériaux en vrac Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern, die
contenant ou émettant des nano-objets et leurs Nanoobjekte oder Submikrometerpartikel enthalten
agrégats et agglomérats (NOAA) ou autres particules oder freisetzen - Teil 3: Verfahren mit
en fraction alvéolaire - Partie 3: Méthode de la chute kontinuierlichem Fall
continue
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 February 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17199-3:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
5 Principle . 6
6 Equipment . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Test apparatus. 9
7 Requirements . 11
7.1 General . 11
7.2 Engineering control measures . 11
7.3 Conditioning of the test material . 11
7.4 Conditioning of the test equipment . 12
8 Preparation . 12
8.1 Test sample . 12
8.2 Moisture content of the test material . 12
8.3 Bulk density of the test material . 12
8.4 Sampling for analytical or imaging purposes . 12
8.5 Preparation of test apparatus . 12
9 Test procedure . 13
10 Evaluation of data . 15
10.1 Respirable dustiness mass fraction . 15
10.2 Number-based dustiness index . 15
10.3 Number-based emission rate . 16
10.4 Additional results of the tests . 16
10.5 Morphology and chemical characterization of the particles . 16
11 Test report . 17
Annex A (informative)  Description and characteristic properties of the continuous drop
method . 18
A.1 General . 18
A.2 Energy input and dust developing procedure . 18
A.3 Analytical methods and results . 19
Annex B (informative)  Illustration of an experimental CDD set-up example . 20
Bibliography . 24

European foreword
This document (EN 17199-3:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137
“Assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2019 and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
Dustiness measurement and characterization provide users (e.g. manufacturers, producers,
occupational hygienists and workers) with information on the potential for dust emissions when the
bulk material is handled or processed in workplaces. They provide the manufactures of bulk materials
containing NOAA with information that can help to improve their products and reduce their dustiness.
It allows the users of the bulk materials containing NOAA to assess the controls and precautions
required for handling and working with the material and the effects of pre-treatment (e.g. modify
surface properties or chemistry). It also allows the users to select less dusty products, if available. The
particle size distribution of the aerosol and the morphology and chemical composition of its particles
can be used by occupational hygienists, scientists and regulators to further characterize the aerosol in
terms of particle size distribution and chemical composition and to thus aid users to evaluate and
control the health risk of airborne dust.
This document gives details on the design and operation of the continuous drop method that measures
the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles in
terms of dustiness indices or emission rates. Dustiness indices as well as emission rates can be number-
based or mass-based. In addition, the test method characterizes the released aerosol by measuring the
particle size distribution and emission rate using on-line methods and collects samples for off-line
analysis (as required) for their morphology and chemical composition. This test uses the same dust
generation methods and the same set-up including dimensions of the apparatus specified in
EN 15051-3. The determination of the inhalable and respirable dustiness mass fractions (see EN 481
[1]) of the released dust from a bulk material containing NOAA is carried out separately according to
EN 15051-1 and EN 15051-3.
The continuous drop method is useful for addressing the ability of bulk materials including
nanomaterials (in powder form), to release airborne particles (aerosol) during agitation, the so-called
dustiness.
The continuous drop method has been designed to simulate workplace scenarios and to represent
general bulk material handling processes, including processes where bulk material is tipped, poured,
mixed, scooped, dropped or similar; either mechanical or by hand.
The continuous drop method presented here differs from the rotating drum, the small rotating drum
and the vortex shaker method presented in EN 17199-2 [2], EN 17199-4 [3] and EN 17199-5 [4]
respectively. The rotating drum and small rotating drum methods perform, both, repeated pouring or
agitation of the same sample bulk material while the vortex shaker method simulates vigorous agitation
of a bulk material.
This document was developed based on the results of pre-normative research [5]. This project
investigated the dustiness of ten bulk materials (including nine bulk nanomaterials) with the intention
to test as wide a range of bulk materials as possible in terms of magnitude of dustiness, chemical
composition and primary particle size distribution as indicated by a large range in specific surface area.
1 Scope
This document provides the methodology for measuring the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or
release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and
specifies for that purpose the continuous drop method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and
presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables
a) the measurement of the respirable and, optionally, the inhalable dustiness mass fractions,
b) the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of particles in the particle size range from
about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
c) the measurement of the number-based emission rate of particles in the particle size range from
about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
d) the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released aerosol in the
particle size range from about 10 nm to about 10 µm, and
e) the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable dustiness mass fraction for
subsequent observations and analysis by analytical electron microscopy.
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules
or pellets containing or releasing respirable NOAA or other respirable particles in either unbound,
bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 1 Currently no number-based classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates have
been established. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to
revise this document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 2 The methods specified in this document have not been evaluated for nanofibers and nanoplates.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN ISO/TS 80004-2, Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 2: Nano-objects (ISO/TS 80004-2)
EN 1540, Workplace exposure - Terminology
EN 13205-2, Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne
particle concentrations - Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling
efficiency
EN 15051-1, Workplace exposure - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials - Part 1: Requirements
and choice of test methods
EN 15051-3, Workplace exposure - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials - Part 3: Continuous
drop method
EN 16897, Workplace exposure - Characterization of ultrafine aerosols/nanoaerosols - Determination of
number concentration using condensation particle counters
EN 17199-1, Workplace exposure - Measurement of dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release
respirable NOAA or other respirable particles - Part 1: Requirements and choice of test methods
EN ISO 13137, Workplace atmospheres - Pumps for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents -
Requirements and test methods (ISO 13137)
ISO 27891, Aerosol particle number concentration - Calibration of condensation particle counters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1540, EN 15051-1,
CEN ISO/TS 80004-2 and EN 17199-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Symbols and abbreviations
1)
® Aerodynamic Particle Sizer
APS
BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
CDD Continuous Drop Device
CPC Condensation Particle Counter
d A lower particle size at which the counting or sampling efficiency is 50 %
DEMC Differential Electrical Mobility Classifier
DMAS Differential Mobility Analysing system
NOAA Nano-objects, and their aggregates and agglomerates > 100 nm
RH Relative Humidity
SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
5 Principle
The continuous drop method (see Annex A) described in this document measures the dustiness of bulk
materials containing or releasing respirable NOAA or other respirable particles in terms of
— the respirable and inhalable dustiness mass fractions,
— the number-based dustiness index, and
— the number-based emission rate.
®
1) APS is the trade name or trademark of a product supplied by TSI Instruments Ltd. This information is given
for the convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of the
product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
In addition, this document describes the procedures by which the aerosols can be further characterized
in terms of their particle size distributions and the morphology and chemical composition of their
airborne particles.
The sampling for the purpose of and the execution of qualitative or quantitative analysis of the
morphology and chemical composition of the collected airborne particles are described. Performing
these analyses is optional but can provide confirmation of the sizes of the particles generated and
complementary information to the real-time instruments.
Table 1 provides
— an overview of the different measurands,
— information on whether determining these measurands is mandatory or not, and
— the aerosol instruments and sampling devices needed to determine a measurand.
Table 1 — Measurands, aerosol instruments/sampling devices and associated recommendations
for the continuous drop method
Mandatory /
Method / device specific to
Measurand (unit)
optional
measurand
Mandatory
Respirable dustiness mass fraction (mg/kg)
Filters according to EN 15051-1
and EN 15051-3
Optional
Inhalable dustiness mass fraction (mg/kg)
Number-based dustiness index of particles in Mandatory
the particle size range from about 10 nm to
Condensation Particle Counter
about 1 µm (1/mg)
a
(CPC) covering the particle size
range from about 10 nm to
Number-based average emission rate of Mandatory
about 1 µm
particles in the particle size range from about
10 nm to about 1 µm (1/mg·s)
Number of modes of the time-averaged Mandatory
number-based particle size distribution as
dN/dlogD (-) ®
i
DMAS/APS combination
covering the particle size
Modal aerodynamic equivalent diameters Mandatory
particle from about 10nm to
corresponding to the highest mode (M1 ) and
N
about 10 µm
to the second highest mode (M2 ) of the time-
N
averaged number-based particle size
distribution as dN/dlogD (µm)
i
Sampling device, e.g. filters, Optional
Morphological and chemical characterization
according to EN 15051-1 and
of the particles including NOAA
EN 15051-3
NOTE The particle size range described above is based on the equipment used during the
prenormative research.
a
However, see 6.2.8 for possible alternate solutions.
The determination of the inhalable and respirable dustiness mass fractions of the released dust from a
bulk material containing NOAA can be carried out within the same test run according to EN 15051-1
and EN 15051-3.
6 Equipment
6.1 General
The test set-up used shall comply with all requirements of EN 15051-3.
The test apparatus required in order to determine the dustiness by the continuous drop test method is
shown in Figure 1.
An illustration for an experimental test set-up example is given in Annex B.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 feeder (6.2.2)
2 drop pipe (6.2.3)
3 main pump
4 sampler for gravimetric analysis (6.2.7), e.g. cyclone for the respirable dustiness mass fraction
5 online monitors
6 conditioned air, 53 l/min
7 collector tank (6.2.6) for fallen powder/ feed rate check
Figure 1 — Test apparatus
6.2 Test apparatus
The usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following:
6.2.1 Continuous drop device, with characteristics as described in EN 15051-3.
6.2.2 Feeder, comprising of
a) a sample tank, large enough to hold the entire volume of the test substance for an entire test run;
b) a metering device for the powder mass flow, which does not change the composition and
properties of the test material, e.g. by compacting or other mechanical processes, or, if some
influence cannot be prevented, it should be minimized.
The metering device shall be suited at least for mass flows in the intended range from 3 g/min to
30 g/min, and should be suited for smaller mass flows as well.
The whole feeder shall be made from inert material, e.g. stainless steel. It shall be closed off during the
experiments and no air leakage may enter the system via the feeder during the experiments.
NOTE A vibrating chute with adjustable feed rate has been shown to work well.
6.2.3 Drop pipe, with an inner diameter of 15 mm and a length of 400 mm.
The drop pipe shall be made from inert and electrically conducting material, e.g. stainless steel.
The drop pipe is a thin-walled tube.
6.2.4 Backflow pipe, round with an inner diameter of 150 mm.
The backflow pipe shall be manufactured from an inert and electrically conducting material, e.g.
stainless steel. Within the backflow pipe a vertical air speed of 0,053 m/s, measured below the end of
the drop pipe (6.2.3) shall be generated. It is critically important that a constant vertical air speed of
0,053 m/s is maintained as the sum of the main pump’s flow rate and those of all sampling/measuring
devices employed in the tests. For this purpose, a suitable instrument (e.g. a mass-flow controller
(6.2.5)) to control the air flow generated by the main pump shall be in place.
The backflow pipe needs to be equipped with suitable openings/probes to connect the sampling
devices. All openings shall be situated in one measurement plane (i.e. in an identical distance from the
metering device 100 mm above the end of the drop pipe. They shall be situated in a symmetrical way
around the drop pipe (i.e. for example if two openings are needed, they shall be opposite one another, if
three are needed they shall be situated in a 120° orientation). Additionally, in the case of different
sampling flow rates of the applied devices, they shall be oriented in such a way as to generate as
homogenous distributions of sampling flows (out of the backflow pipe) as possible, in order to avoid
inhomogeneous air flows in the vicinity of the end of the drop pipe.
6.2.5 Mass-flow controller, or another suitable instrument to control the air flow generated by the
main pump.
6.2.6 Collector tank, made from inert material, e.g. stainless steel.
The collector tank for the fallen powder shall be mounted to the backflow pipe (6.2.4). It is used to
collect the dropped powder and shall be suited for weighing.
In addition, the external air which generates the upstream air flow within the backflow pipe (6.2.4),
shall be cleaned of environmental particles by use of a suitable filter (a target particle number
concentration of less than 20 particles/cm shall be guaranteed) and pass through the collector tank.
SIST EN
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