FprCEN ISO/TS 16901

Guidance on performing risk assessment in the design of onshore LNG installations including the ship/shore interface (ISO/TS 16901:2022)

This document provides a common approach and guidance to those undertaking assessment of the major safety hazards as part of the planning, design, and operation of LNG facilities onshore and at shoreline using risk-based methods and standards, to enable a safe design and operation of LNG facilities. The environmental risks associated with an LNG release are not addressed in this document.
This document is applicable both to export and import terminals but can be applicable to other facilities such as satellite and peak shaving plants.
This document is applicable to all facilities inside the perimeter of the terminal and all hazardous materials including LNG and associated products: LPG, pressurized natural gas, odorizers, and other flammable or hazardous products handled within the terminal.
The navigation risks and LNG tanker intrinsic operation risks are recognised, but they are not in the scope of this document. Hazards arising from interfaces between port and facility and ship are addressed and requirements are normally given by port authorities. It is assumed that LNG carriers are designed according to the IGC code, and that LNG fuelled vessels receiving bunker fuel are designed according to IGF code.
Border between port operation and LNG facility is when the ship/shore link (SSL) is established.
This document is not intended to specify acceptable levels of risk; however, examples of tolerable levels of risk are referenced.
See IEC 31010 and ISO 17776 with regard to general risk assessment methods, while this document focuses on the specific needs scenarios and practices within the LNG industry.

Leitfaden zur Durchführung von Risikobewertungen bei der Planung von LNG-Anlagen an Land, einschließlich der Schnittstelle zwischen Schiff und Land (ISO/TS 16901:2022)

Recommandations sur l’évaluation des risques dans la conception d’installations terrestres pour le GNL en incluant l’interface terre/navire (ISO/TS 16901:2022)

Le présent document fournit une approche et des recommandations communes aux personnes chargées d'évaluer les principaux dangers en matière de sécurité dans le cadre de la planification, de la conception et de l'exploitation des installations terrestres et côtières de GNL à l'aide de méthodes et de normes fondées sur le risque, afin de permettre une conception et une exploitation sûres des installations de GNL. Les risques environnementaux associés à un rejet de GNL ne sont pas traités dans le présent document.
Le présent document s'applique à la fois aux terminaux d'exportation et d'importation, mais peut s'appliquer à d'autres installations telles que les stations satellites et les stations d'écrêtement des pointes.
Le présent document s'applique à toutes les installations situées à l'intérieur du périmètre du terminal et à toutes les matières dangereuses, y compris le GNL et les produits qui lui sont associés: GPL, gaz naturel sous pression, odoriseurs et autres produits inflammables ou dangereux manipulés dans le terminal.
Les risques liés à la navigation et les risques intrinsèques au fonctionnement des navires méthaniers sont reconnus, mais ils ne relèvent pas du domaine d'application du présent document. Les dangers résultant des interfaces entre le port, l'installation et le navire sont traités et les exigences sont normalement fournies par les autorités portuaires. Il est pris pour hypothèse que les méthaniers sont conçus conformément au code IGC et que les navires fonctionnant au GNL et recevant du combustible de soute sont conçus conformément au code IGF.
La frontière entre l'exploitation portuaire et l'installation de GNL est définie lorsque la liaison terre/navire est établie.
Le présent document n'a pas pour objectif de spécifier des niveaux de risque acceptables; toutefois, des exemples de niveaux de risque tolérables sont référencés.
Voir l'IEC 31010 et l'ISO 17776 en ce qui concerne les méthodes générales d'appréciation du risque. Le présent document se concentre sur les besoins, scénarios et pratiques spécifiques de l'industrie du GNL.

Navodilo za oceno tveganja pri načrtovanju napeljav za utekočinjeni zemeljski plin na kopnem, vključno s povezavo med ladjo in kopnim (ISO/TS 16901:2022)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 05-Jun-2025
• ICS: 75.180.01 - Equipment for petroleum and natural gas industries in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 282 - Installation and equipment for LNG
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 282 - Installation and equipment for LNG
• Current Stage: 5020 - Submission to Vote - Formal Approval
• Start Date: 16-Jan-2025
• Due Date: 16-Jan-2025
• Completion Date: 16-Jan-2025
• Ref Project: kSIST-TS FprCEN ISO/TS 16901:2025 - Guidance on performing risk assessment in the design of onshore LNG installations including the ship/shore interface (ISO/TS 16901:2022)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2025
Navodilo za oceno tveganja pri načrtovanju napeljav za utekočinjeni zemeljski plin
na kopnem, vključno s povezavo med ladjo in kopnim (ISO/TS 16901:2022)
Guidance on performing risk assessment in the design of onshore LNG installations
including the ship/shore interface (ISO/TS 16901:2022)
Leitfaden zur Durchführung von Risikobewertungen bei der Planung von LNG-Anlagen
an Land, einschließlich der Schnittstelle zwischen Schiff und Land (ISO/TS 16901:2022)
Recommandations sur l’évaluation des risques dans la conception d’installations
terrestres pour le GNL en incluant l’interface terre/navire (ISO/TS 16901:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN ISO/TS 16901
ICS:
75.180.01 Oprema za industrijo nafte in Equipment for petroleum and
zemeljskega plina na splošno natural gas industries in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 16901
Second edition
2022-12
Guidance on performing risk
assessment in the design of onshore
LNG installations including the ship/
shore interface
Recommandations sur l’évaluation des risques dans la conception
d’installations terrestres pour le GNL en incluant l’interface terre/
navire
Reference number
ISO/TS 16901:2022(E)
ISO/TS 16901:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/TS 16901:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 6
5 Safety risk management . 8
5.1 Decision support framework for risk management . 8
5.2 Prescriptive safety or risk performance . 8
5.3 Risk assessment in relation to project development . 9
6 Risk .11
6.1 What is risk . 11
6.2 Safety philosophy and risk criteria .12
6.3 Risk control strategy . .12
6.4 ALARP .12
6.5 Ways to express risk to people . 13
6.5.1 General .13
6.5.2 Risk contours (RC) . 14
6.5.3 Risk transects (RT) . 14
6.5.4 Individual risk (IR) . 14
6.5.5 Potential loss of life (PLL). 15
6.5.6 Fatal accident rate (FAR) . 15
6.5.7 Cost to avert a fatality (CAF) . 15
6.5.8 F/N curves (FN) . .15
6.5.9 Uncertainties in QRA .15
7 Methodologies.16
7.1 Main steps of risk assessment . . 16
7.2 Qualitative risk analysis . 16
7.2.1 HAZID . 16
7.2.2 Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) . 18
7.2.3 Risk matrix . 18
7.2.4 Bow-tie . 18
7.2.5 HAZOP . 20
7.2.6 SIL analysis . 21
7.3 Quantitative analysis: consequence and impact assessment . 21
7.3.1 General . 21
7.3.2 Consequence assessment . 22
7.3.3 Impact assessment. 24
7.4 Quantitative analysis: frequency assessment . 25
7.4.1 General . 25
7.4.2 Failure data . 25
7.4.3 Consensus data . 25
7.4.4 FAULT tree . 26
7.4.5 Event tree analysis (ETA) . 26
7.4.6 Exceedance curves based on probabilistic simulations .26
7.5 Risk assessments (consequence*frequency) . 27
7.5.1 Risk assessment tools . 27
7.5.2 Ad hoc developed risk assessment tools . 27
7.5.3 Proprietary risk assessment tools .28
8 Accident scenarios .29
8.1 Overview accident scenarios .29
8.2 LNG import facilities including SIMOPS .29
8.3 LNG export facilities . 31
iii
ISO/TS 16901:2022(E)
9 Standard presentation of risk.33
Annex A (informative) Impact criteria .34
Annex B (informative) Chain of events following release scenarios .53
Bibliography .57
iv
ISO/TS 16901:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Orga
...