EN 13445-10:2026
(Main)Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys
General Information
- Abstract
This Part 10 of this document specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made of nickel and nickel alloys (see 3.1) in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels under EN 13445-1:2026, EN 13445-2:2026, EN 13445-3:2026, EN 13445-4:2026 and EN 13445-5:2026.
NOTE Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an amendment to or a revision of this document.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Jun-2026
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 54 - Unfired pressure vessels
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
- Start Date
- 01-Jul-2026
- Completion Date
- 01-Jul-2026
Overview
EN 13445-10:2026 is an essential addition to the EN 13445 series of European standards for the design and fabrication of unfired pressure vessels. This specific part - Part 10 - outlines the additional requirements applied to pressure vessels and their components made from nickel and nickel alloys. Developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), EN 13445-10:2026 supplements the general requirements in Parts 1 through 5, focusing on unique considerations for nickel-based materials. Note that this version does not cover cast materials; future revisions may address cast nickel alloys.
By addressing the specialized manufacturing, inspection, and design needs of nickel and nickel alloys, EN 13445-10:2026 supports industries requiring exceptional corrosion resistance and robust material performance under demanding conditions.
Key Topics
This standard covers key additional technical requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys, including:
- Material selection and documentation: Defines usable alloys (minimum 30% nickel, more nickel than iron), excludes precipitation-hardened materials except as bolts, and mandates detailed inspection documents per EN 10204 and EN 764-5.
- Prevention of brittle fracture: Outlines minimum elongation after fracture (>25%) and specific consideration for low-temperature operation.
- Design criteria: Amends general EN 13445-3 design rules with stress calculations, creep conditions, and explicit limitations for fatigue and external pressure, considering the properties and behaviors unique to nickel alloys.
- Manufacturing processes: Details for welding procedures, welder qualifications (following EN ISO 9606-4 for nickel alloys), joint preparation, and required cleaning steps to avoid contamination or embrittlement.
- Forming and heat treatment: Distinguishes requirements for hot and cold forming, including when annealing is needed based on degrees of deformation, and specifies post-forming sampling, testing frequency, and heat treatment procedures based on the original material manufacturer's recommendations.
- Inspection and testing: Specifies non-destructive testing (NDT) methods and criteria, including extent of testing for different welded joints and NDT methods (radiographic, ultrasonic, penetrant, and magnetic particle testing), plus hydrostatic test protocols.
Applications
EN 13445-10:2026 is highly relevant for industries where unfired pressure vessels operate in aggressive environments, extreme temperatures, or where high corrosion resistance is mandated:
- Chemical and petrochemical plants: Handling of corrosive media, caustic processes, and aggressive chemicals.
- Pharmaceutical and food processing industries: Where product purity and contamination resistance are essential.
- Energy and power generation: Especially for equipment exposed to extreme temperatures or where hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion need to be mitigated.
- Marine and offshore applications: Pressure vessels for seawater systems or harsh marine atmospheres requiring extended service life.
- Process engineering: Custom or high-integrity vessels for unique industrial environments.
Applying EN 13445-10 ensures nickel-based pressure vessels are reliably designed, manufactured, and inspected to meet stringent safety and performance criteria across these sectors.
Related Standards
Compliance with EN 13445-10:2026 requires referencing other parts of the EN 13445 series and associated standards for full conformity:
- EN 13445-1:2026 - General requirements for unfired pressure vessels
- EN 13445-2:2026 - Materials requirements
- EN 13445-3:2026 - Design rules
- EN 13445-4:2026 - Fabrication guidance
- EN 13445-5:2026 - Inspection and testing procedures
- EN 10204:2004 - Metallic product inspection documents
- EN 764-5:2014 - Inspection documentation compliance
- EN ISO 9606-4:1999 - Welder qualification for nickel alloys
By following EN 13445-10:2026 along with these related standards, organizations can achieve compliance with the EU Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU), improve safety, and demonstrate a commitment to best practices in pressure vessel fabrication.
Keywords: EN 13445-10:2026, nickel pressure vessels, nickel alloy pressure vessels, unfired pressure vessel standards, pressure vessel manufacturing, non-destructive testing, vessel design standards, CEN standards, corrosion resistance, chemical industry vessels.
Relations
- Effective Date
- 29-Apr-2026
- Effective Date
- 29-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 29-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 29-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 29-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 29-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 29-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 29-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 29-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 29-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 08-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 08-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 08-Jul-2026
- Effective Date
- 08-Jul-2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 13445-10:2026 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys". This standard covers: This Part 10 of this document specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made of nickel and nickel alloys (see 3.1) in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels under EN 13445-1:2026, EN 13445-2:2026, EN 13445-3:2026, EN 13445-4:2026 and EN 13445-5:2026. NOTE Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an amendment to or a revision of this document.
This Part 10 of this document specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made of nickel and nickel alloys (see 3.1) in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels under EN 13445-1:2026, EN 13445-2:2026, EN 13445-3:2026, EN 13445-4:2026 and EN 13445-5:2026. NOTE Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an amendment to or a revision of this document.
EN 13445-10:2026 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.020.30 - Pressure vessels, gas cylinders. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 13445-10:2026 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 13445-10:2021, EN ISO 15608:2025, EN 13445-5:2026, EN 13445-4:2026, EN ISO 14732:2025, EN 13445-3:2026, EN ISO 9606-4:1999, EN 10204:2004, EN 764-5:2014, EN 13445-2:2026, EN 13445-1:2026, EN 1993-4-3:2007, EN 14678-3:2013, EN 13060:2014+A1:2018, EN 13565-1:2019+A1:2025. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 13445-10:2026 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/68/EU; Standardization Mandates: M/601. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
EN 13445-10:2026 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2026
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13445-10:2021
Nekurjene tlačne posode - 10. del: Dodatne zahteve za tlačne posode iz niklja in
nikljevih zlitin
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of nickel
and nickel alloys
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 10: Zusätzliche Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus
Nickel und Nickellegierungen
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 10: Exigences
complémentaires pour les récipients sous pression en nickel et alliages de nickel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13445-10:2026
ICS:
23.020.32 Tlačne posode Pressure vessels
77.150.40 Nikljevi in kromovi izdelki Nickel and chromium
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 13445-10
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2026
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 23.020.30 Supersedes EN 13445-10:2021
English Version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional
requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel
alloys
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 10: Zusätzliche
Partie 10: Exigences complémentaires pour les Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus Nickel und
récipients sous pression en nickel et alliages de nickel Nickellegierungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2026.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-10:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 General information . 6
5 Materials . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Material grouping system . 6
5.3 Material documentation . 6
5.4 Prevention of brittle fracture . 6
6 Design . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Time-independent nominal design stress . 7
6.3 Creep design . 8
6.4 Shells under external pressure . 8
6.5 Fatigue design . 8
7 Manufacture . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPQR) . 9
7.3 Qualification of welders and welding operators . 9
7.4 Joint preparation . 9
7.5 Preheat . 10
7.6 Production test, reference criteria . 10
7.7 Extent of testing . 10
7.8 Performance of test and acceptance criteria . 10
7.9 Forming procedures . 10
7.9.1 Cold forming . 10
7.9.2 Hot forming . 10
7.10 Heat treatment after forming . 11
7.10.1 General . 11
7.10.2 Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming . 11
7.10.3 Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming . 11
7.10.4 Heat treatment after hot forming . 12
7.11 Sampling of formed products . 12
7.11.1 Cold formed products without heat treatment . 12
7.11.2 Hot formed or cold formed products with heat treatment . 12
7.12 Tests . 13
7.12.1 Base material . 13
7.12.2 Butt welds . 13
7.13 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) . 13
7.14 Repairs . 13
8 Inspection and testing . 13
8.1 General . 13
8.2 Non-destructive testing of welded joints . 14
8.2.1 General . 14
8.2.2 Demonstration of satisfactory experience for testing group 2 . 14
8.3 Determination of extent of non-destructive testing . 15
8.4 Selection of non destructive testing methods for surface imperfections . 19
8.5 Standard hydrostatic test . 19
Annex A (normative) . 20
Annex B (informative) Designations of some nickel alloys . 22
Annex Y (informative) History of EN 13445-10 . 27
Y.1 Differences between EN 13445-10:2021 and EN 13445-10:2026 . 27
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU aimed to be covered . 28
European foreword
This document (EN 13445-10:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired
pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2026, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by December 2026.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13445-10:2021.
Annex Y provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the
previous edition.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
A list of all parts in the EN 13445 series can be found on the CEN website.
Although these Parts may be obtained separately, it should be recognized that the Parts are
interdependent. As such, the manufacture of unfired pressure vessels requires the application of all the
relevant Parts in order for the requirements of the Standard to be satisfactorily fulfilled.
Corrections to the standard interpretations where several options seem possible are conducted through
the Migration Help Desk (MHD). Information related to the Help Desk can be found at
https://unm.fr/en/maintenance-agencies/maintenance-agency-en-13445/. A form for submitting
questions can be downloaded from the link to the MHD website. After subject experts have agreed an
answer, the answer will be communicated to the questioner. Corrected pages will be given specific issue
number and issued by CEN according to CEN Rules. Interpretation sheets will be posted on the website
of the MHD.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This Part 10 of this document specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made
of nickel and nickel alloys (see 3.1) in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels
under EN 13445-1:2026, EN 13445-2:2026, EN 13445-3:2026, EN 13445-4:2026 and EN 13445-5:2026.
NOTE Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an
amendment to or a revision of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 764-5:2014, Pressure equipment — Part 5: Inspection documentation of metallic materials and
compliance with the material specification
EN 10204:2004, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
EN 13445-1:2026 Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General
EN 13445-2:2026 Unfired pressure vessels — Part 2: Materials
EN 13445-3:2026, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design
EN 13445-4:2026, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 4: Fabrication
EN 13445-5:2026, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing
EN ISO 9606-4:1999, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 4: Nickel and nickel alloys (ISO
9606-4:1999)
EN ISO 14732. 2025, Welding personnel — Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for
mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials (ISO 14732: 2025)
EN ISO 15608:2025, Grouping system for metallic materials (ISO 15608: 2025)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13445-1:2026,
EN 13445-2:2026, EN 13445-3:2026, EN 13445-4:2026 and EN 13445-5:2026 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
nickel alloys
those alloys which contain a minimum of 30 % nickel and contain more nickel than iron
4 General information
The general information given in EN 13445-1:2026 on the scope of the standard as well as terms,
definitions, quantities, symbols and units shall apply.
5 Materials
5.1 General
The general requirements of EN 13445-2:2026 shall apply with the following additions/exclusions in 5.2
to 5.4.
There are presently no European Standards specifically for nickel or nickel alloys for pressure purposes.
However, some materials in Table A.2 can also be classified as stainless steels and are included in some
harmonized standards. This part 10 of EN 13445 is therefore limited to European Approval of Materials
(EAM) or the use of Particular Materials Appraisal (PMA), except when materials are sourced in
accordance with a harmonized standard.
All materials shall meet the requirements in 5.1 to 5.4 of this part 10 of EN 13445.
5.2 Material grouping system
Annex A of EN 13445-2:2026 is not applicable to pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys and is
replaced by Annex A of this part 10 of EN 13445.
The grouping system for nickel and its alloys is shown in Table A.1 of this part 10 of EN 13445.
Only material having a minimum elongation after fracture greater than 25 % shall be used for
construction of pressure vessels.
Materials which have mechanical properties enhanced by precipitation hardening are excluded from this
part of EN 13445, unless they are to be used for bolting applications.
5.3 Material documentation
Materials for pressure bearing parts compliant with the requirements of this document shall be
accompanied by inspection documentation in accordance with EN 10204:2004.
The type of inspection document shall be in accordance with EN 764-5:2014 and include a declaration of
compliance to the material specification.
5.4 Prevention of brittle fracture
There are no general requirements for nickel and nickel alloys at temperatures down to −196 °C.
However, the specific requirements of individual EAMs/PMAs shall be taken into account.
6 Design
6.1 General
All the design methods included in EN 13445-3:2026 shall apply, with the following amendments, given
in 6.2 to 6.5.
The physical properties of nickel and nickel alloys may be based upon the technical data available for the
types/grades of material listed in Annex B and agreed with the material manufacturer based on the
properties in the PMA used in the design except where guaranteed properties are available in harmonized
standards.
6.2 Time-independent nominal design stress
The design methods included in EN 13445-3:2026, Clauses 5, 7 to 21, Annexes A, E, F, G, J, P and Q shall
apply.
The design stress for nickel and nickel alloy materials entering service without any subsequent heat
treatment shall be evaluated in accordance with Table 6.2-1.
If any material is subjected to subsequent heat treatment (for example, in the manufacture of dished
ends) representative material test coupons shall be heat treated with the components and subjected to
the same mechanical tests as used to certify the material at the manufacturer’s works. The nominal design
stress shall then be calculated in accordance with Table 6.2-1. If this design stress is lower than that used
in the original calculations, the design of that component and any other related components shall be
repeated using the nominal design stress derived from the properties of the heat treated material.
For designs using nickel and nickel alloys attention is drawn to the effect of heat treatment on the
materials, and care should therefore be taken when determining the thickness of the materials that will
receive subsequent heat treatments during manufacture.
Table 6.2-1 — Maximum allowed values of the nominal design stress for nickel and nickel alloy
materials for pressure parts
Minimum specified
Design stress for normal operating load Design stress for testing
elongation after fracture cases and exceptional load
(A) (%) cases
(MPa)
(MPa)
A > 35
R R
R
p1,0/T
p1,0/T
m/T test
f = min ; f =
d test
1,2 3 1,05
30 < A ≤ 35
R R
p1,0/T p1,0/T
test
f = f =
d test
1,5 1,05
A ≤ 30
R R
R
p0,2/T p0,2/T
m/20 test
f = min ; f =
d test
1,5 2,4 1,05
6.3 Creep design
Where sufficient material data is available, creep design may be applied to nickel and nickel alloys using
the formulae and approach in Clause 19 of EN 13445-3:2026.
6.4 Shells under external pressure
The requirements in Clause 8 of EN 13445-3:2026 shall apply with the following modifications:
In EN 13445-3:2026, 8.4, for shells made in nickel or nickel alloys, the nominal elastic limit shall be given
by:
R
p0,2/T
σ =
e
1,25
and for stiffeners in the same material by:
R
p0,2/T,s
σ =
es
1,25
6.5 Fatigue design
For loads up to 500 equivalent full pressure cycles no fatigue analysis is required. Above 500 cycles the
requirements of Clause 17 of EN 13445-3:2026 shall apply with the following modifications:
The application of Clause 17 of EN 13445-3:2026 (see 17.4.4 of EN 13445-3:2026) to nickel and nickel
alloys shall be limited to temperatures not exceeding 450 °C.
The correction factor to account for the influence of temperature on fatigue resistance (see 17.6.2.2 of
EN 13445-3:2026) is:
For T* ≥ 100 °C:
−4 −7
C =1,0164−1,4×10 T *−2,4×10 (T *)
t
The requirements of Clause 18 of EN 13445-3:2026 shall apply with the following modifications:
The application of Clause 18 of EN 13445-3:2026 (see 18.4.3 of EN 13445-3:2026) to nickel and nickel
alloys shall be limited to temperatures not exceeding 450 °C.
The correction factor to account for the influence of temperature on fatigue resistance, f (see 18.10.5.2
T*
of EN 13445-3:2026) is given by:
−4 −7
f =1,0164−1,4×10 T *−2,4×10 (T *)
T*
7 Manufacture
7.1 General
EN 13445-4:2026 shall apply, with the following amendments, given in 7.2 to 7.14.
NOTE 1 Not all welding processes are suitable for all nickel alloys.
NOTE 2 Welding consumables can be selected from EN ISO 14172:2023 and EN ISO 18274:2023.
7.2 Qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPQR)
The requirements of 8.3 of EN 13445-4:2026 shall apply with the following modifications:
a) Annex B of EN 13445-2:2026 shall not apply.
b) Impact testing is not normally required for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys at
temperatures down to −196 °C except for alloys in group 47.
c) For nickel alloys in group 47 when the design temperature is below −105 °C, impact testing shall be
carried out at and shall meet a minimum of 40 Joules when tested at −196 °C on the weld metal and
heat affected zone of the WPQR.
7.3 Qualification of welders and welding operators
The requirements in 8.4 of EN 13445-4:2026 shall apply with the following modifications:
Replace reference to EN ISO 9606-1:2017 with EN ISO 9606-4:1999. For pressure vessels in the
categories II, III and IV the examiner/ examining body shall be a notified body or recognized third party
organization.
7.4 Joint preparation
In addition to the requirements of 8.6 in EN 13445-4:2026, the following shall apply for pressure vessels
of nickel and its alloys:
a) the edges of plates that have been thermally cut shall be dressed back by machining or grinding for
a minimum distance of 1,5 mm to remove damaged material;
NOTE Nickel and nickel alloys are not subject to hardening by thermal cutting.
b) for plates less than 20 mm thickness cold shearing is permissible, provided that the cut edges are
dressed back mechanically by not less than 1,5 mm to permit a satisfactory examination of the edges
prior to welding;
c) plates less than 10 mm thick, which are cold sheared, need not be dressed prior to welding;
d) coated parts shall be free of coating products for a minimum distance of 50 mm from the edge of the
weld preparation, in order that the coating does not interfere with the welding process, and to
safeguard the coating itself;
e) after welding, the welded areas shall be cleaned, and any residues, slag, spatter, etc. shall be removed.
7.5 Preheat
Preheating is not normally necessary for nickel and nickel alloys.
When the metal temperature is less than 5 °C, heat should be applied to a maximum temperature of 75 °C
to remove condensation.
7.6 Production test, reference criteria
The requirements in 9.2 of EN 13445-4:2026 shall apply with the following modifications:
The requirements for impact testing of production control test plates are not applicable to nickel and its
alloys; 9.2 a) of EN 13445-4:2026 is not applicable.
Production control test plates for nickel and nickel alloys vessels shall be carried out in accordance with
9.2 d) of EN 13445-4:2026.
7.7 Extent of testing
The requirements of 9.3 of EN 13445-4:2026 shall apply with the following modifications:
Table 9.3-1 shall be replaced by Table 7.7-1 below:
Table 7.7-1 — Testing of production test plates
a b
Material Group Thickness of test plate e Test specimens
mm
All e ≤ 12 1 FB, 1 RB, 1 TT, 1 Ma, 1 Mi
c
12 < e 2 SB , 1 TT, 1Ma, 1Mi
a
Thinner plate thickness.
b
The symbols for Table 7.7-1 are given in Table 9.3-2 of EN 13445-4:2026.
c
SB = side bends
7.8 Performance of test and acceptance criteria
The requirements in 9.4.1, 9.4.2, 9.4.3, 9.4.5, 9.4.6, 9.4.7, 9.4.9 and 9.4.10 of EN 13445-4:2026 shall apply.
7.9 Forming procedures
7.9.1 Cold forming
Cold forming of nickel and nickel alloy materials shall be carried out at temperatures below 300 °C. It is
preferable that nickel and nickel alloys are cold formed whenever possible.
7.9.2 Hot forming
The requirements in 10.3.2 of EN 13445-4:2026 are not applicable for pressure vessels made of nickel
and nickel alloys.
Hot forming of nickel and nickel alloy materials shall be carried out in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations such that grain boundary liquation and overheating is avoided.
The material shall be heated uniformly without flame impingement.
Most fuels may be used provided that detrimental impurities, such as sulphur, are kept at low levels.
Nickel and nickel
...