CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016

Textiles - Composition testing - Identification of fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012)

ISO/TR 11827:2012 describes procedures for the identification of natural and man-made fibres, and may be used, when necessary, to coordinate with methods for the quantitative analysis of fibre blends.

Textilien - Prüfung der Zusammensetzung - Identifizierung der Fasern (ISO/TR 11827:2012)

Dieser Technische Bericht beschreibt Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Natur- und Chemiefasern und kann im Bedarfsfall in Abstimmung mit Verfahren zur quantitativen Analyse von Fasermischungen verwendet werden.

Textiles - Essai de composition - Identification des fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012)

L'ISO/TR 11827 décrit des procédures d'identification de fibres naturelles et de fibres chimiques, et peut être utilisé, si besoin, en coordination avec les méthodes d'analyses quantitatives de mélanges de fibres.

Tekstilije - Preskušanje sestave - Identifikacija vlaken (ISO/TR 11827:2012)

To tehnično poročilo opisuje postopke za prepoznavanje naravnih in kemičnih vlaken ter se lahko uporablja usklajeno z metodami za kvantitativno analizo mešanic vlaken, kadar je to potrebno.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2016
• ICS: 59.060.01 - Textile fibres in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 248 - Textiles and textile products
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 248 - Textiles and textile products
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Completion Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Mandate: M/532 - [C(2015)1385] Standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardisation as regards methods for quantitative analysis of textile products composed of certain binary and ternary textile fibre mixtures
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 - Textiles - Composition testing - Identification of fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
01-marec-2016
Tekstilije - Preskušanje sestave - Identifikacija vlaken (ISO/TR 11827:2012)
Textiles - Composition testing - Identification of fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012)
Textiles - Essai de composition - Identification des fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN ISO/TR 11827
ICS:
59.060.01 Tekstilna vlakna na splošno Textile fibres in general
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016

kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 11827
First edition
2012-06-01
Textiles — Composition testing —
Identification of fibres
Textiles — Essai de composition — Identification des fibres

Reference number
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Safety note .1
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Principle.2
6 Apparatus and preparation of solutions.3
6.1 Apparatus.3
6.2 Preparation of solutions .3
7 Techniques.4
7.1 Microscopy.4
7.2 Flame tests.6
7.3 Staining Tests .7
7.4 Solubility Tests .7
7.5 Infrared Spectroscopy .8
7.6 Thermal Analysis.12
7.7 Density measurement methods .14
7.8 Other Instrumental Methods.14
8 Examples of procedures.15
8.1 Procedure using microscopy, solubility tests and FT-IR tests (examples) .15
8.2 Procedure using solubility tests (examples).17
8.3 Procedure using combustion tests and melting point determination (example) .19
8.4 Procedure using microscopy, FT-IR analysis and thermal analysis, case of bicomponent
fibres (examples) .19
Annex A (informative) Characteristics relative to fibre identification testing .24
Annex B (informative) Photomicrographs of Fibres (Light Microscopy) .29
Annex C (informative) Scanning Electron Micrographs of Fibres .34
Annex D (informative) Solubility of fibres .42
Annex E (informative) Examples of Infrared Spectra .45
Annex F (informative) Thermal transition temperature.50
Annex G (informative) Density.54
Annex H (informative) Alphabetical index of figures .55
Bibliography.58

kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 11827 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
Introduction
The correct identification of fibres in textiles and the accurate determination of the composition of each fibre
present is a legal requirement in many countries throughout the world for imported textile goods and at the
point of sale to the public. Fibre identification can be carried out by a number of different techniques, e.g.
microscopy, solubility, spectroscopy, melting point, pyrolysis, density, refractive index, etc.
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016

kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)

Textiles — Composition testing — Identification of fibres
IMPORTANT — The electronic file of this document contains colours which are considered to be
useful for the correct understanding of the document. Users should therefore consider printing this
document using a colour printer.
1 Scope
This Technical Report describes procedures for the identification of natural and man-made fibres, and may be
used, when necessary, to coordinate with methods for the quantitative analysis of fibre blends.
Textile Fibres
Natural fibres Man-made fibres
Animal fibres Mineral fibres
Vegetable fibres
From organic From inorganic
chemistry
chemistry
Animal Hairs Asbestos
From Seed
Glass
Artificial fibres Synthetic fibres
Wool (Sheep)
Cotton
Metallic fibres
Cashmere, Mohair
Kapok
Cer amics
(Goat)
From cellulose
Other fibres
Car bon
Acrylic, Modacrylic
Alpaca, Guanaco,
Other fibres
Vicuna (Llama) Chlorofibre
Viscose, Cupro
From Stem
Angora (Rabbit) Fluorofibre
Modal, Lyocell
Other fibres Polyamide
Acetate, Triacetate
Polyester
Flax
Other fibres
Aramid
Secretion fibres Hemp
Polyimide
Ramie
Polyethylene
Jute
Silk
Polypropylene
Other fibres
Others
Other fibres
Polylactide
Elastane
Elastodiene
From leaf
(from latex)
Elastodiene
Protein fibres
Elastolefin
Sisal
Alginate
Melamine
Alfa
Other fibres
Polycarbamide
Other fibres
Trivinyl
From Fruit Elastomultiester
Polypropylene/
Polyamide-
Coir
bicomponent
Other fibres
Other fibres
Figure 1 — Classification of the textile fibres in relation to their origin
2 Safety note
This Technical Report calls for the use of substances/procedures that may be injurious to the health/
environment if appropriate conditions are not observed. It refers only to technical suitability and does
not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety/environment at any stage.
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1833-4, Textiles — Quantitative chemical analysis — Part 4: Mixtures of certain protein and certain other
fibres (method using hypochlorite)
ISO 2076, Textiles — Man-made fibres — Generic names
ISO 6938, Textiles — Natural fibres — Generic names and definitions
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 2076 and ISO 6938 and
the following apply.
4.1
natural fibre
fibre which occurs in nature: it can be categorized according to its origin into animal, vegetable and mineral
fibre
4.2
man-made fibre
manufactured fibre
fibre obtained by a manufacturing process
4.2.1
artificial fibre
manufactured fibre made by transformation of natural polymers (macromolecular material existing in nature)
4.2.2
synthetic fibre
manufactured fibre made from synthetic polymers (macromolecular material which has been chemically
synthesised)
4.2.3
bicomponent fibre
fibre composed of two fibres forming polymer components, which are chemically or physically different or both
5 Principle
Objective: identify the fibres
Means: based on fibre properties (single or combination)
Properties for example:
• Morphology
• Solubility
• Light absorption or transmission by IR
• Burning behaviour
• Thermal behaviour
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
• Colouration
• Optical behaviour
• Elemental composition
6 Apparatus and preparation of solutions
6.1 Apparatus
6.1.1 Light Microscope, using transmitted light
6.1.2 Scanning Electron Microscope
6.1.3 Bunsen Burner or other flame source
6.1.4 Infrared Spectrometer
6.1.4.1 Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) spectroscopy device
6.1.4.2 Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer
6.1.5 Melting Point device (heated block)
6.1.6 Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)
6.1.7 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) device (thermobalance)
6.1.8 Gravimetric device (density gradient column)
6.1.9 Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) device
6.2 Preparation of solutions
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade.
6.2.1 Sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide
Prepare a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide (mass ratio of 1:1,4)
6.2.2 Iodine/potassium iodine solution
Dissolve 20 g of potassium iodide in 20 ml to 50 ml of distilled water. In this solution dissolve 2,5 g of iodine
and dilute to 100 ml
6.2.3 Zinc chloride/iodine solution
Dissolve 66 g of zinc chloride, anhydrous, and 6 g of potassium iodide in 34 ml of water.
Add a small amount of iodine crystal so that the solution is saturated.
6.2.4 Chlorine bleaching solution
Prepare the solution according to ISO 1833-4.
6.2.5 Zinc chloride/formic acid solution
Dissolve 100 g of zinc chloride, anhydrous in 100 ml of water.
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
Set the density of this solution to 1,566 g/ml.
Add 6 ml of concentrated formic acid to 100 ml of this so
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2016
Tekstilije - Preskušanje sestave - Identifikacija vlaken (ISO/TR 11827:2012)
Textiles - Composition testing - Identification of fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012)
Textiles - Essai de composition - Identification des fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016
ICS:
59.060.01 Tekstilna vlakna na splošno Textile fibres in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN ISO/TR 11827
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
June 2016
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 59.060.01
English Version
Textiles - Composition testing - Identification of fibres
(ISO/TR 11827:2012)
Textiles - Essai de composition - Identification des
fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012)
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 22 May 2016. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 248.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38
“Textiles” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products” the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TR 11827:2012 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 without any
modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 11827
First edition
2012-06-01
Textiles — Composition testing —
Identification of fibres
Textiles — Essai de composition — Identification des fibres

Reference number
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Safety note .1
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Principle.2
6 Apparatus and preparation of solutions.3
6.1 Apparatus.3
6.2 Preparation of solutions .3
7 Techniques.4
7.1 Microscopy.4
7.2 Flame tests.6
7.3 Staining Tests .7
7.4 Solubility Tests .7
7.5 Infrared Spectroscopy .8
7.6 Thermal Analysis.12
7.7 Density measurement methods .14
7.8 Other Instrumental Methods.14
8 Examples of procedures.15
8.1 Procedure using microscopy, solubility tests and FT-IR tests (examples) .15
8.2 Procedure using solubility tests (examples).17
8.3 Procedure using combustion tests and melting point determination (example) .19
8.4 Procedure using microscopy, FT-IR analysis and thermal analysis, case of bicomponent
fibres (examples) .19
Annex A (informative) Characteristics relative to fibre identification testing .24
Annex B (informative) Photomicrographs of Fibres (Light Microscopy) .29
Annex C (informative) Scanning Electron Micrographs of Fibres .34
Annex D (informative) Solubility of fibres .42
Annex E (informative) Examples of Infrared Spectra .45
Annex F (informative) Thermal transition temperature.50
Annex G (informative) Density.54
Annex H (informative) Alphabetical index of figures .55
Bibliography.58

ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 11827 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
Introduction
The correct identification of fibres in textiles and the accurate determination of the composition of each fibre
present is a legal requirement in many countries throughout the world for imported textile goods and at the
point of sale to the public. Fibre identification can be carried out by a number of different techniques, e.g.
microscopy, solubility, spectroscopy, melting point, pyrolysis, density, refractive index, etc.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)

Textiles — Composition testing — Identification of fibres
IMPORTANT — The electronic file of this document contains colours which are considered to be
useful for the correct understanding of the document. Users should therefore consider printing this
document using a colour printer.
1 Scope
This Technical Report describes procedures for the identification of natural and man-made fibres, and may be
used, when necessary, to coordinate with methods for the quantitative analysis of fibre blends.
Textile Fibres
Natural fibres Man-made fibres
Animal fibres Mineral fibres
Vegetable fibres
From organic From inorganic
chemistry
chemistry
Animal Hairs Asbestos
From Seed
Glass
Artificial fibres Synthetic fibres
Wool (Sheep)
Cotton
Metallic fibres
Cashmere, Mohair
Kapok
Cer amics
(Goat)
From cellulose
Other fibres
Car bon
Acrylic, Modacrylic
Alpaca, Guanaco,
Other fibres
Vicuna (Llama) Chlorofibre
Viscose, Cupro
From Stem
Angora (Rabbit) Fluorofibre
Modal, Lyocell
Other fibres Polyamide
Acetate, Triacetate
Polyester
Flax
Other fibres
Aramid
Secretion fibres Hemp
Polyimide
Ramie
Polyethylene
Jute
Silk
Polypropylene
Other fibres
Others
Other fibres
Polylactide
Elastane
Elastodiene
From leaf
(from latex)
Elastodiene
Protein fibres
Elastolefin
Sisal
Alginate
Melamine
Alfa
Other fibres
Polycarbamide
Other fibres
Trivinyl
From Fruit Elastomultiester
Polypropylene/
Polyamide-
Coir
bicomponent
Other fibres
Other fibres
Figure 1 — Classification of the textile fibres in relation to their origin
2 Safety note
This Technical Report calls for the use of substances/procedures that may be injurious to the health/
environment if appropriate conditions are not observed. It refers only to technical suitability and does
not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety/environment at any stage.
ISO/TR 11827:2012(E)
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1833-4, Textiles — Quantitative chemical analysis — Part 4: Mixtures of certain protein and certain other
fibres (method using hypochlorite)
ISO 2076, Textiles — Man-made fibres — Generic names
ISO 6938, Textiles — Natural fibres — Generic names and definitions
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 2076 and ISO 6938 and
the following apply.
4.1
natural fibre
fibre which occurs in nature: it can be categorized according to its origin into animal, vegetable and mineral
fibre
4.2
man-made fibre
manufactured fibre
fibre obtained by a manufacturing process
4.2.1
artificial fibre
manufactured fibre made by transformation of natural polymers (macromolecular material existing in nature)
4.2.2
synthe
...