EN IEC 60904-10:2020

Photovoltaic devices - Part 10: Methods of linear dependence and linearity measurements

IEC 60904-10:2020 describes the procedures used to measure the dependence of any electrical parameter (Y) of a photovoltaic (PV) device with respect to a test parameter (X) and to determine the degree at which this dependence is close to an ideal linear (straight-line) function. It also gives guidance on how to consider deviations from the ideal linear dependence and in general on how to deal with non-linearities of PV device electrical parameters. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2009. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a. Modification of title. b. Inclusion of an Introduction explanatory of the changes and the reasoning behind them. c. Inclusion of a new Clause Terms and Definitions (Clause 3), with distinction between generic linear dependence and linear dependence of short-circuit current versus irradiance (linearity). d. Explicit definition of equivalent sample (Clause 4). e. Technical revision of the apparatus (Clause 5), of the measurement procedures (Clause 6 to Clause 8) and of the data analysis (Clause 9), with separation of the data analysis for a generic linear dependence from the data analysis specific to linearity (i.e. short-circuit current dependence on irradiance) assessment. Additionally, inclusion of impact of spectral effects on both linearity and linear dependence assessment. f. Introduction of specific data analysis for two-lamp method, making it fully quantitative. Addition of extended version called N-lamp method. g. Modification of the linearity assessment criterion with inclusion of a formula that can be used to correct the irradiance reading of a PV reference device for non-linearity of its short-circuit current versus irradiance. A linearity factor is specifically newly defined for this purpose. h. Revision of the requirements for the report (Clause 10) in order to improve clearness about what information is always necessary and what is dependent on the procedure actually followed to measure the linear dependence, including the type of dependence measured (generic or linearity).

Photovoltaische Einrichtungen - Teil 10: Methoden zur Messung der linearen Abhängigkeit und Linearität

Dispositifs photovoltaïques - Partie 10: Méthodes de mesure de la dépendance linéaire et de la linéarité

l’IEC 60904-10:2020 décrit les procédures utilisées pour mesurer la dépendance de tout paramètre électrique (Y) d’un dispositif photovoltaïque (PV) par rapport à un paramètre d’essai (X) et pour déterminer le degré de proximité de la dépendance par rapport à une fonction linéaire idéale (ligne droite). Elle fournit également des recommandations relatives à la prise en considération des écarts par rapport à la dépendance linéaire idéale et, de façon générale, sur le traitement des non-linéarités des paramètres électriques d’un dispositif PV. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2009. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: a. Modification du titre. b. Ajout d’une Introduction qui explique les modifications apportées et les raisons de ces modifications. c. Ajout d’un nouvel Article Termes et définitions (Article 3) qui fait la distinction entre la dépendance linéaire générique et la dépendance linéaire de courant de court-circuit en fonction de l’éclairement (linéarité). d. Définition explicite de l’échantillon équivalent (Article 4). e. Révision technique de l’équipement (Article 5), des procédures de mesure (Article 6 à Article 8) et de l’analyse des données (Article 9), avec distinction entre analyse des données relative à une dépendance linéaire générique et analyse des données spécifique à l’évaluation de la linéarité (c’est-à-dire la dépendance du courant de court-circuit sur l’éclairement). De plus, ajout de l’impact des effets spectraux sur l’évaluation de la linéarité et de la dépendance linéaire. f. Introduction d’une analyse de données spécifique à la méthode à deux lampes, rendant celle-ci entièrement quantitative. Ajout d’une version étendue appelée méthode à N lampes. g. Modification du critère d’évaluation de la linéarité avec ajout d’une formule qui peut être appliquée pour corriger le relevé d’éclairement d’un dispositif PV de référence pour la non‑linéarité de son courant de court-circuit en fonction de l’éclairement. Un facteur de linéarité spécifique est nouvellement défini dans ce but. h. Révision des exigences relatives au rapport (Article 10) afin de préciser les informations qui sont toujours nécessaires et ce qui dépend de la procédure réellement suivie pour mesurer la dépendance linéaire, y compris le type de dépendance mesuré (générique ou linéarité).

Fotonapetostne naprave - 10. del: Metode merjenja linearne odvisnosti in linearnosti

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 05-Nov-2020
• ICS: 27.160 - Solar energy engineering
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 82 - Solar photovoltaic energy systems
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 82 - IEC_TC_82
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 06-Nov-2020
• Completion Date: 06-Nov-2020
• Ref Project: SIST EN IEC 60904-10:2021 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 10: Methods of linear dependence and linearity measurements

Relations

• Replaces: EN 60904-10:2010 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 10: Methods of linearity measurement
• Effective Date: 25-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 60904-10:2011
Fotonapetostne naprave - 10. del: Metode merjenja linearne odvisnosti in
linearnosti
Photovoltaic devices - Part 10: Methods of linear dependence and linearity
measurements
Photovoltaische Einrichtungen - Teil 10: Messverfahren für die Linearität
Dispositifs photovoltaïques - Partie 10: Méthodes de mesure de la dépendance linéaire
et de la linéarité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60904-10:2020
ICS:
27.160 Sončna energija Solar energy engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60904-10

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2020
ICS 27.160 Supersedes EN 60904-10:2010 and all of its
amendments and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Photovoltaic devices - Part 10: Methods of linear dependence
and linearity measurements
(IEC 60904-10:2020)
Dispositifs photovoltaïques - Partie 10: Méthodes de Photovoltaische Einrichtungen - Teil 10: Methoden zur
mesure de la dépendance linéaire et de la linéarité Messung der linearen Abhängigkeit und Linearität
(IEC 60904-10:2020) (IEC 60904-10:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2020-10-23. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60904-10:2020 E

European foreword
The text of document 82/1759/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60904-10, prepared by IEC/TC 82 "Solar
photovoltaic energy systems" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN IEC 60904-10:2020.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2021-07-23
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2023-10-23
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60904-10:2010 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60904-10:2020 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 61829 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61829
IEC 61853-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61853-1
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60891 - Photovoltaic devices - Procedures for EN 60891 -
temperature and irradiance corrections to
measured I-V characteristics
IEC 60904-1 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 1: Measurement of EN IEC 60904-1 -
photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics
IEC 60904-1-1 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 1-1: Measurement EN 60904-1-1 -
of current-voltage characteristics of multi-
junction photovoltaic (PV) devices
IEC/TS 60904-1-2 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 1-2: Measurement - -
of current-voltage characteristics of bifacial
photovoltaic (PV) devices
IEC 60904-2 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 2: Requirements EN 60904-2 -
for photovoltaic reference devices
IEC 60904-3 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 3: Measurement EN IEC 60904-3 -
principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar
devices with reference spectral irradiance data
IEC 60904-7 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 7: Computation of EN IEC 60904-7 -
the spectral mismatch correction for
measurements of photovoltaic devices
IEC 60904-8 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 8: Measurement of EN 60904-8 -
spectral responsivity of a photovoltaic (PV)
device
IEC 60904-8-1 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 8-1: Measurement EN 60904-8-1 -
of spectral responsivity of multi-junction
photovoltaic (PV) devices
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60904-9 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 9: Classification of EN IEC 60904-9 -
solar simulator characteristics
IEC 61215 series Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) EN 61215 series
modules - Design qualification and type
approval
IEC 61724-1 - Photovoltaic system performance - Part 1: - -
Monitoring
IEC/TS 61836 - Solar photovoltaic energy systems - Terms, - -
definitions and symbols
ISO/TS 28037 - Determination and use of straight-line - -
calibration functions
IEC 60904-10 ®
Edition 3.0 2020-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Photovoltaic devices –
Part 10: Methods of linear dependence and linearity measurements

Dispositifs photovoltaïques –
Partie 10: Méthodes de mesure de la dépendance linéaire et de la linéarité

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-8802-3

– 2 – IEC 60904-10:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Device selection . 9
5 Apparatus . 10
5.1 General requirements common to all procedures . 10
5.2 Apparatus for measurement of all linear dependences under natural sunlight
or with a solar simulator . 11
5.3 Apparatus for measurement of all linear dependences of short-circuit current
by differential spectral responsivity measurements . 12
5.4 Apparatus for linearity measurement of short-circuit current by two-lamp
method . 12
5.5 Apparatus for linearity measurement of short-circuit current by N-lamp
method . 12
6 Procedures to measure linearity and other linear dependences under natural
sunlight or with a solar simulator . 12
6.1 Additional general requirements for natural sunlight . 12
6.2 Mounting under natural sunlight . 13
6.3 Mounting with a solar simulator . 13
6.4 Linear dependence measurements versus irradiance . 13
6.5 Linear dependence measurements versus temperature . 16
7 Procedures to measure linearity and other linear dependence of short-circuit
current from differential spectral responsivity . 17
7.1 Linearity measurements . 17
7.2 Linear dependence measurements of short-circuit current versus
temperature . 18
8 Procedure for short-circuit current linearity measurement by the two-lamp or the
N-lamp methods . 18
8.1 Background. 18
8.2 Measurement procedure by the two-lamp method . 19
8.3 Measurement procedure by the N-lamp method . 20
9 Calculation of linear dependence and linearity . 21
9.1 General considerations . 21
9.2 Measurement uncertainty evaluation . 21
9.3 Determination of deviations from a generic linear dependence . 22
9.3.1 Generic case . 22
9.4 Determination of the short-circuit current non-linearity versus irradiance . 22
9.5 Determination of the short-circuit current non-linearity versus irradiance
using the two-lamp method . 23
9.6 Determination of the short-circuit current non-linearity versus irradiance
using the N-lamp method . 24
9.7 Requirements for maximum deviations from the ideal linear function . 25
10 Report . 26
Bibliography . 27

IEC 60904-10:2020 © IEC 2020 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES –
Part 10: Methods of linear dependence and linearity measurements

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
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consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure t
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