HD 60364-4-444:2010
(Main)Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-444: Protection for safety - Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-444: Protection for safety - Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances
The rules of this Part of IEC 60364 are intended to provide requirements for the safety of electrical installations in the event of voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances generated for different specified reasons. This second edition of IEC 60364-4-44 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001, amendment 1 (2003) and amendment 2 (2006).
Errichten von Niederspannungsanlagen - Teil 4-444: Schutzmaßnahmen – Schutz bei Störspannungen und elektromagnetischen Störgrößen
Installations électriques à basse tension - Partie 4-444: Protection pour assurer la sécurité - Protection contre les perturbations de tension et les perturbations électromagnétiques
Les règles de la présente Partie de la CEI 60364 sont destinées à donner des exigences pour la sécurité des installations électriques en cas de perturbations de tension ou d'influences électromagnétiques dues à des raisons diverses. Cette deuxième édition de la CEI 60364-4-44 annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2001, l'amendement 1 (2003) et l'amendement 2 (2006).
Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije - 4-444. del: Zaščitni ukrepi - Zaščita pred napetostnimi in elektromagnetnimi motnjami
Zahteve in priporočila za električne inštalacije so podani z namenom, da se prepreči ali zmanjša vpliv elektromagnetnih motenj.
Pravila tega dela se ne uporabljajo za sisteme, ki so v celoti ali delno pod nadzorom javnih podjetij za elektroenergetsko oskrbo (glej področje uporabe HD 60364-1:2008), čeprav se lahko napetostne in elektromagnetne motnje prevajajo ali inducirajo v električne inštalacije preko teh napajalnih sistemov.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST HD 60364-4-444:2011
01-januar-2011
1DGRPHãþD
SIST R064-004:2000
1L]NRQDSHWRVWQHHOHNWULþQHLQãWDODFLMHGHO =DãþLWQLXNUHSL=DãþLWDSUHG
QDSHWRVWQLPLLQHOHNWURPDJQHWQLPLPRWQMDPL
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-444: Protection for safety - Protection against
voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances
Elektrische Anlagen von Gebäuden - Teil 4-444: Schutzmaßnahmen - Schutz gegen
Störspannungen und elektromagnetische Störgrößen
Installations électriques à basse tension - Partie 4-444: Protection pour assurer la
sécurité - Protection contre les perturbations de tension et les perturbations
électromagnétiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: HD 60364-4-444:2010
ICS:
91.140.50 Sistemi za oskrbo z elektriko Electricity supply systems
SIST HD 60364-4-444:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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HARMONIZATION DOCUMENT
HD 60364-4-444
DOCUMENT D'HARMONISATION
May 2010
HARMONISIERUNGSDOKUMENT
ICS 91.140.50 Supersedes R064-004:1999
English version
Low-voltage electrical installations -
Part 4-444: Protection for safety -
Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic
disturbances
(IEC 60364-4-44:2007 (CLAUSE 444), modified)
Installations électriques à basse tension - Errichten von Niederspannungsanlagen -
Partie 4-444: Protection pour assurer la Teil 4-444: Schutzmaßnahmen –
sécurité - Schutz bei Störspannungen und
Protection contre les perturbations de elektromagnetischen Störgrößen
tension et les perturbations (IEC 60364-4-44:2007 (CLAUSE 444),
électromagnétiques modifiziert)
(CEI 60364-4-44:2007 (CLAUSE 444),
modifiée)
This Harmonization Document was approved by CENELEC on 2010-05-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for implementation of this
Harmonization Document at national level.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national implementations may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This Harmonization Document exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. HD 60364-4-444:2010 E
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Foreword
The text of the International Standard IEC 60364-4-44:2007, Clause 444, prepared by IEC TC 64,
Electrical installations and protection against electric shock, together with the common modifications
prepared by CENELEC TC 64, Electrical installations and protection against electric shock, was
submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as HD 60364-4-444 on 2010-05-01.
This European Standard supersedes R064-004:1999.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the HD has to be implemented
at national level by publication of a harmonized
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-05-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the HD have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-05-01
In this document, the common modifications are indicated by a vertical line at the left margin of the text.
Clauses, subclauses, notes, tables and figures which are additional to those of Clause 444 of
IEC 60364-4-44:2007 are prefixed “Z”.
__________
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444 Measures against electromagnetic influences
444.0 Introduction
Clause 444 provides requirements and recommendations to enable avoidance and reduction of
electromagnetic disturbances.
The document, Clause 444, is intended for architects and for those involved in the design, installation and
maintenance of electrical installations.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) disturbs or damages information technology systems (ICT), broadcast
communication technologies (BCT), command, control and communication (CCCB), process monitoring,
control and automation systems (PMCA). Currents due to lightning, switching operations, short-circuits
and other electromagnetic phenomena may cause overvoltages and electromagnetic interference.
These effects can occur
- where large conductive loops exist,
- where different electrical wiring systems are installed in common routes, e.g. power supply,
communication, control or signal cables.
Power cables carrying large currents with a high rate of rise of current (di/dt) can induce overvoltages in
command, control and communication cables of electrical installation systems, which can influence or
damage the connected electrical equipment.
444.1 Scope
To provide requirements and recommendations for electrical installations in order to avoid or reduce the
impact of electromagnetic disturbances.
The rules of this part do not apply to systems that are wholly or partly under the control of public
power supply companies (see scope of HD 60364-1:2008) although voltage and electromagnetic
disturbances may be conducted or induced into electrical installations via these supply systems.
444.2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 50117-4-1:2008 Coaxial cables - Part 4-1: Sectional specification for cables for BCT cabling in
accordance with EN 50173 - Indoor drop cables for systems operating at
5 MHz - 3 000 MHz
EN 50173-1:2007 Information technology - Generic cabling systems - Part 1: General
requirements
EN 50174-2:2009 Information technology - Cabling installation - Part 2: Installation planning and
practices inside buildings
EN 50174-3:2003 Information technology - Cabling installation - Part 3: Installation planning and
practices outside buildings
EN 50288 series Multi-element metallic cables used in analogue and digital communication and
control
EN 50310:2006 Application of equipotential bonding and earthing in buildings with information
technology equipment
EN 60950-1 Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60950-1)
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EN 61000-6-x series Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-x: Generic standards
(IEC 61000-6-x series)
EN 61386 series Conduit systems for cable management (IEC 61386 series)
EN 61558-2-1 Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products -
Part 2-1: Particular requirements and tests for separating transformers and
power supplies incorporating separating transformers for general applications
(IEC 61558-2-1)
EN 61558-2-4 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for
supply voltages up to 1 100 V - Part 2-4: Particular requirements and tests for
isolating transformers and power supply units incorporating isolating
transformers (IEC 61558-2-4)
EN 61558-2-6 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for
supply voltages up to 1 100 V - Part 2-6: Particular requirements and tests for
safety isolating transformers and power supply units incorporating safety
isolating transformers (IEC 61558-2-6)
EN 61558-2-15 Safety of power transformers, power supply units and similar - Part 2-15:
Particular requirements for isolating transformers for the supply of medical
locations (IEC 61558-2-15)
EN 62305-3 Protection against lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life
hazard (IEC 62305-3)
HD 60364-1:2008 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles,
assessment of general characteristics, definitions (IEC 60364-1:2005, mod)
HD 60364-4-41:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-41: Protection for safety - Protection
against electric shock (IEC 60364-4-41:2005, mod.)
1)
HD 60364-5-52:200X Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-52: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment - Wiring systems (IEC 60364-5-52:2009)
HD 60364-5-54:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-54: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements, protective conductors and
protective bonding conductors (IEC 60364-5-54:2002, mod.)
IEC/TR 61000-2-5:1995 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2: Environment - Section 5:
Classification of electromagnetic environments. Basic EMC publication
ETSI EN 300 253:2002 Equipment Engineering (EE) - Earthing and bonding of telecommunication
equipment in telecommunication centres
444.3 Definitions
See HD 60364-1:2008 for basic definitions. For the purposes of this document, the following definitions
apply:
444.3.1
bonding network, BN
set of interconnected conductive structures that provides an “electromagnetic shield” for electronic
systems and personnel at frequencies from direct current (DC) to low radio frequency (RF)
NOTE The term “electromagnetic shield” denotes any structure used to divert, block or impede the passage of electromagnetic
energy. In general, a BN does not need to be connected to earth but BN considered in the present document will have an earth
connection
[3.1.2 of EN 50310:2006]
1)
At draft stage.
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444.3.2
bonding ring conductor, BRC
an earthing bus conductor which forms a closed connecting ring
[3.1.3 of EN 50310:2006]
NOTE Normally a bonding ring conductor has multiple connections to the CBN and therefore improves its quality.
444.3.3
common equipotential bonding system
common bonding network, CBN
equipotential bonding system providing both protective-equipotential-bonding and functional-
equipotential-bonding
[IEV 195-02-25]
444.3.4
equipotential bonding
provision of electric connections between conductive parts, intended to achieve equipotentiality
[IEV 195-01-10]
444.3.5
earth-electrode network
part of an earthing arrangement comprising only the earth electrodes and their interconnections
[IEV 195-02-21]
444.3.6
meshed bonding network, MESH-BN
bonding network in which all associated equipment frames, racks and cabinets and usually the DC power
return conductor, are bonded together as well as at multiple points to the CBN.
[3.1.2 of ETSI EN 300 253:2002-04]
NOTE The MESH-BN enhances the effect of the CBN.
444.3.7
by-pass conductor, PEC
conductor usually laid along the cable route to provide a low impedance connection between the earthing
arrangements at the ends of the cable route
[IEV 195-02-29]
NOTE See Figure 44R1 of the present document
444.4 Mitigation of electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Consideration shall be given by the designer and installer of the electrical installation to the measures
described below for reducing the electric and magnetic influences on electrical equipment.
Only electrical equipment, which meets the requirements in the appropriate EMC standards or the EMC
requirements of the relevant product standard shall be used, see also 515.3.1.2.
444.4.1 Sources of EMI
Electrical equipment sensitive to electromagnetic influences should not be located close to potential
sources of electromagnetic emission such as
– switching devices for inductive loads,
– electric motors,
– fluorescent lighting,
– welding machines,
– rectifiers,
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– choppers,
– frequency converters (e.g. invertors) and regulators,
– power correction devices
– lifts,
– transformers,
– switchgear,
– power distribution bars.
444.4.2 Measures to reduce EMI
The following measures reduce electromagnetic interference.
a) The installation of surge protection devices and/or filters for equipment sensitive to electromagnetic
influences is recommended to improve electromagnetic compatibility with regard to conducted
electromagnetic phenomena.
b) Conductive sheaths (e.g. armouring, screens) of cables should be bonded to the CBN, if any.
c) Inductive loops should be avoided by selection of a common route (according to 444.6) for power,
signal and data circuits wiring.
d) Power and signal cables should be kept separate and should, wherever practical, cross each other at
right-angles (see 444.6.2).
e) Use of cables with concentric conductors to reduce currents induced into the protective conductor.
f) Use of symmetrical multicore cables (e.g. screened cables containing separate protective conductors)
for the electrical connections between converters and motors, which have frequency controlled
motor-drives.
g) Use of signal and data cables according to the EMC requirements of the manufacturer’s instructions.
h) Where a lightning protection system is installed,
– power and signal cables shall be separated from the down conductors of lightning protection
systems (LPS) by either a minimum distance or by use of screening. The minimum distance shall
be determined by the designer of the LPS in accordance with EN 62305-3;
i) Where screened signal or data cables are used, care should be taken to limit the fault current from
power systems flowing through the screens and cores of signal cables, or data cables, which are
earthed. Additional conductors may be necessary, e.g. a by-pass conductor for screen reinforcement;
see Figure 44.R1.
I
fault
By-pass conductor for screen reinforcement
IEC 050/06
Figure 44.R1 - By-pass conductor for screen reinforcement to provide
a common equipotential bonding system
NOTE 1 The provision of a by-pass conductor in proximity to a signal, or data, cable sheath also reduces the area of the loop
associated with equipment, which is only connected by a protective conductor to earth. This practice considerably reduces for
instances the effects of Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse (LEMP).
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j) Where screened signal cables or data cables are common to several buildings supplied from a
TT-system, a by-pass equipotential bonding conductor should be used; see Figure 44.R2. The by-
pass conductor shall have a minimum cross-sectional area of 16 mm² Cu or equivalent. The
equivalent cross-sectional area shall be dimensioned in accordance with 544.1 of HD 60364-5-
54:2007.
L1
L2
L3
N
Building 1 Building 2 Building 3
Substitute or by-pass equipotential
bonding conductor
Screened signal cable
IEC 051/06
Figure 44.R2 - Example of a substitute or by-pass equipotential bonding conductor in a TT-system
NOTE 2 Where the earthed shield is used as a signal return path, coaxial cables with multiple isolated screens may be
used.
NOTE 3 It is recalled that if the consent according to 411.3.1.2 (last paragraph) cannot be obtained, it is the
responsibility of the owners or operators to avoid any danger due to the exclusion of those cables from the connection to the
main equipotential bonding.
NOTE 4 The problems of earth differential voltages on large public telecommunication networks are the responsibility of
the network operator, who may employ other methods.
k) Equipotential bonding connections should have an impedance as low as possible
– by being as short as possible,
– by having a cross-section shape that results in low inductive reactance and impedance per metre
of route, e.g. a bonding braid with a width to thickness ratio of five to one.
l) Where an earthing bar is intended (according to 444.5.7) to support the equipotential bonding system
of a significant information technology installation in a building, it may be installed as a closed ring.
NOTE 5 This measure is preferably applied in buildings of the telecommunications industry.
444.4.3 TN-system
To minimize electromagnetic influences, the following subclauses apply.
444.4.3.1 TN-C-systems shall not be used in newly constructed buildings containing, or likely to
contain, significant amounts of information technology equipment. It is recommended that TN-C systems
should not be maintained in existing buildings containing, or likely to contain, significant amounts of
information technology equipment.
NOTE It is probable that TN-C installations will have load or fault current diverted via equipotential bonding into metallic
infrastructures (e.g. piping, beams) within a building.
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444.4.3.2 In newly constructed buildings, TN-S systems shall be installed downstream of the origin of
the installation; see Figure 44.R3A In existing buildings supplied from public low-voltage networks and
which contain, or are likely to contain, significant amounts of information technology equipment, a TN-S
system should be installed downstream of the origin of the installation; see Figure 44.R3A.
NOTE The effectiveness of a TN-S-system may be enhanced by use of a residual current monitoring device, RCM, complying
with EN 62020:1998.
Equipotential bonding L
N
conductor, if necessary
PE
PE, N, L
Equipment 1
Signal or data cable
1)
PE, N, L
Equipment 2
Public supply
IEC 052/06
1) Loops of limited area formed by signal or data cables
Figure 44.R3A - Avoidance of neutral conductor currents in a bonded structure by using the TN-S
system from the origin of the public supply up to and including the final circuit within a building
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444.4.3.3 In existing buildings where the complete low-voltage installation including the transformer is
operated only by the user and which contain, or are likely to contain, significant amounts of information
technology equipment, TN-S systems should be installed; see Figure 44.R3B.
Equipotential bonding L
N
conductor, if necessary
PE
PE, N, L
Equipment 1
Signal or data cable
1)
PE, N, L
Equipment 2
IEC 053/06
1) Loops of limited area formed by signal or data cables
Figure 44.R3B - Avoidance of neutral conductor currents in a bonded structure
by using a TN-S system downstream of a consumer’s private supply transformer
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444.4.3.4 Where an existing installation is a TN-C-S system (see Figure 44.R4), signal and data cable
loops should be avoided by
– changing all TN-C parts of the installation shown in Figure 44.R4 into TN-S, as shown in
Figure 44.R3A, or
– where this change is not possible, by avoiding signal and/or data cable interconnections between
different parts of the TN-S installation.
L
PEN
3)
PE, N, L
Equipment 1
Signal or data cable
1)
∆U
2)
PE, N, L
Equipment 2
IEC 054/06
1) Voltage drop ∆U is non-zero under normal operation conditions
2) Loop of limited area formed from signal or data cables
3) Extraneous-conductive-part
NOTE In a TN-C-S system, the current, which in a TN-S system would flow only through the neutral conductor, flows also
through the screens or reference conductors of signal cables, exposed-conductive-parts, and extraneous- conductive-parts such as
structural metalwork.
Figure 44.R4 - TN-C-S system within an existing building installation
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444.4.4 TT system
In a TT system, such as that shown in Figure 44.R5, consideration shall be given to overvoltages which
may exist between live parts and exposed-conductive-parts when the exposed-conductive-parts of
different buildings are connected to different earth electrodes.
Equipotential bonding
conductor, if necessary
L
N
PE, N, L
PE
Equipment 1
Signal or data cable
1)
PE, N, L
Equipment 2
IEC 055/06
1) Loop of limited area formed from signal or data cables
Figure 44.R5 – TT system within a building installation
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444.4.5 IT system
In a three-phase IT system (see Figure 44.R6), the voltage between a healthy line-conductor and an
exposed-conductive-part can rise to the level of the line-to-line voltage when there is a single insulation
fault between a line conductor and an exposed-conductive-part; this condition shall be considered.
NOTE Electronic equipment directly supplied between line conductor and neutral should be designed to withstand such a voltage
between line conductor and exposed-conductive-parts.
Equipotential bonding
conductor, if necessary
L
N
PE, N, L
PE
Equipment 1
Signal or data cable
1)
PE, N, L
Equipment 2
IEC 056/06
1) Loop of limited area formed from signal or data cables
Figure 44.R6 – IT system within a building installation
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444.4.6 Multiple-source supply
444.4.6.1 General requirements
As shown in Figure 44.R7A.1, only one connection shall be made between the PEN and PE.
NOTE This deviates from the requirements of HD 60364-1:2008 since if multiple earthing of the star points of the sources of
supplies is applied, neutral conductor currents may flow back to the relevant star point, not only via the neutral conductor, but also
via the protective conductor as shown in Figure 44.R7A.2. For this reason the sum of the partial currents flowing in the installation is
no longer zero and a magnetic stray field is created, similar to that of a single conductor cable.
In the case of single conductor cables, which carry AC current, an electromagnetic field is generated around the core conductor that
may interfere with some electronic equipment. Harmonic currents produce similar electromagnetic fields but they attenuate more
rapidly than those produced by fundamental currents.
Source 1 Installation Source 2
Earthing for
TT-System
Exposed-conductive-parts
Figure 44.R7A1 – TN and TT multiple-source power supply
with only one connection between PEN and earth
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Source 1 Installation Source 2
Earthing for
TT-System
Exposed-conductive-parts
Figure 44.R7A2 – TN and TT multiple-source power supply
with a not allowed multiple connection between PEN and earth
444.4.6.2 TN multiple source power supplies
In the case of TN multiple-source power supplies to an installation, the star points of the different sources
shall, for EMC reasons, be interconnected by an insulated PEN-conductor that is connected to earth
centrally at one and the same point; see Figure 44.R7B.
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Source n
Source 2
a)
L1
L2
L3
N
Source 1
PE
a)
c)
d)
b)
Earthing of
the sources
Exposed-conductive-parts
Installation
IEC 058/06
a) No direct connection from either transformer or generator star points to earth is permitted.
b) The conductor interconnecting either transformer or generators star points shall be insulated. This conductor functions as a PEN
conductor and shall be marked as PEN-conductor in accordance with HD 60364-5-51:2006; however, it shall not be connected
with the exposed conductive part of the current-using-equipment and a warning notice to that effect shall be attached to it, or
placed adjacent to it.
c) A blue marking on the whole length is not permitted.
Only one connection between the interconnected star points of the sources and the PE shall be provided. This connection shall
be located inside the main switchgear assembly.
d) Additional earthing of the PE in the installation may be provided.
Figure 44.R7B – TN multiple source power supplies to an installation
with connection to earth of the star points at one and the same point
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444.4.6.3 TT multiple-source power supplies
In the case of TT multiple-source power supplies to an installation, it is recommended that the star points
of the different sources are, for EMC reasons, interconnected and connected to earth centrally at only one
point (see Figure 44.R8).
Source n
Source 2
a)
L1
L2
L3
N
Source 1
c)
a)
b)
Earthing of
Exposed-conductive-parts
the source
Installation
IEC 059/06
a) No direct connection from either the transformer or generator star points to earth is permitted.
b) The conductor interconnecting either the transformer, or generator star points, shall be insulated. This conductor functions as
a PEN conductor and shall be marked as PEN-conductor in accordance with HD 60364-5-51:2006; however, it shall not be
connected with the exposed conductive part of the current-using-equipment and a warning notice to that effect shall be
attached to it, or placed adjacent to it.
c) A blue marking on the whole length is not permitted.
Only one connection between the interconnected star points of the sources and the PE shall be provided. This connection
shall be located inside the main switchgear assembly.
Figure 44.R8 – TT multiple-source power supplies to an installation
with connection to earth of the star points at one and the same point
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444.4.7 Transfer of supply
In TN systems the transfer from one supply to an alternative supply shall be by means of a switching
device, which switches the line conductors and the neutral, if any (see Figures 44.R9A, 44.R9B and
44.R9C).
Power supply 1 Power supply 2
L1
L1
L2
L2
L3
L3
N
PE
Current using equipment
NOTE This method prevents electromagnetic fields due to stray currents in the main supply system of an installation. The sum of
the currents within one multicore cable must be zero. It ensures that the neutral current flows only in the neutral conductor of the
rd
circuit, which is switched on. The 3 harmonic (150 Hz) current of the line conductors will be added with the same phase angle to
the neutral conductor current.
Figure 44.R9A – Three-phase alternative power supply with a 4-pole switch
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L1
L1
L2 L2
L3 L3
N
PE
NOTE A three-phase alternative power supply with an unsuitable 3-pole switch will cause unwanted circulating currents, that will
generate electromagnetic fields which may cause inopportune operation of residual current devices .
.
Figure 44.R9B – Neutral current flow in a three-phase alternative power supply
with an unsuitable 3-pole switch
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L
N
PE
UPS-System
Current using
equipment
IEC 062/06
NOTE The earth connection to the secondary circuit of a UPS is not mandatory. If the connection is omitted, the supply in the
UPS-mode will be in the form of an IT system and, in by-pass mode, it will be the same as the low-voltage supply system.
Figure 44.R9C − Single-phase alternative power supply with 2-pole switch
444.4.8 Services entering a building
Metal pipes and the metal armouring of cables shall be bonded to the main earthing terminal by means of
conductors having low impedance. General requirements for bonding of incoming services are given in
HD 60364-5-54:2007. Metal pipes (e.g. for water, gas or district heating) and incoming power and signal
cables should preferably enter the building at the same place.
NOTE Interconnection is only permitted with the consent of the operator of the external service.
444.4.9 Separate buildings
Where different buildings have separate equipotential bonding systems, metal-free fibre optic cables or
other non-conducting systems may be used for signal and data transmission, e.g. microwave signal
transformer for isolation in accordance with EN 61558-2-1, EN 61558-2-4, EN 61558-2-6, EN 61558-2-15
and EN 60950-1.
NOTE 1 The problem of earth differential voltages on large public telecommunication networks is the responsibility of the network
operator, who may employ other methods.
NOTE 2 In case of non-conducting data-transmission systems, th
...
SIST HD 60364-4-444
SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
januar 2011
Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 4-444. del: Zaščitni ukrepi –
Zaščita pred napetostnimi in elektromagnetnimi motnjami
Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-444: Protection for safety –
Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances
Installations électriques à basse tension – Partie 4-444: Protection pour assurer
la sécurité – Protection contre les perturbations de tension et les perturbations
électromagnétiques
Elektrische Anlagen von Gebäuden – Teil 4-444: Schutzmaßnahmen –
Schutz gegen Störspannungen und elektromagnetische Störgrößen
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 91.140.50 SIST HD 60364-4-444:2011 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na straneh II in III ter od 1 do 42
© 2018-11. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST HD 60364-4-444 (sl), Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 4-444. del: Zaščitni ukrepi
– Zaščita pred napetostnimi in elektromagnetnimi motnjami, 2011, ima status slovenskega standarda in
je istoveten evropskemu standardu HD 60364-4-444 (en), Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-
444: Protection for safety – Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances,
2010.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard HD 60364-4-444:2011 je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropske organizacije za
standardizacijo na področju elektrotehnike CLC/TC 64 Električne inštalacije in zaščita pred električnim
udarom. Slovenski standard SIST HD 60364-4-444:2011 je prevod evropskega standarda HD 60364-4-
444:2010. V primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni
evropski standard v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC
ELI Nizkonapetostne in komunikacijske električne inštalacije.
Odločitev za privzem tega standarda po metodi ponatisa je v januarju 2011 sprejel tehnični odbor
SIST/TC ELI Nizkonapetostne in komunikacijske električne inštalacije.
ZVEZA Z NACIONALNIMI STANDARDI
S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:
SIST EN 50117-4-1:2008 Koaksialni kabli – 4-1. del: Področna specifikacija za kable za
okabljenje BCT v skladu z EN 50173 – Notranji zaključni kabli za
sisteme, ki delujejo v območju 5 MHz do 3.000 MHz
SIST EN 50173-1:2011 Informacijska tehnologija – Univerzalni sistemi polaganja kablov –
1. del: Splošne zahteve
SIST EN 50174-2:2009 Informacijska tehnologija – Polaganje kablov – 2. del: Načrtovanje
inštalacij in tehnike dela v stavbah
SIST EN 50174-3:2005 Informacijska tehnologija – Pokabljenje – 3. del: Načrtovanje inštalacij
in tehnike dela zunaj zgradb
SIST EN 50288 (skupina) Večelementni kovinski kabli za analogne in digitalne komunikacije in
krmiljenje
SIST EN 50310:2006 Izenačevanje potencialov in ozemljevanje v zgradbah z opremo
informacijske tehnologije
SIST EN 60950-1 Oprema za informacijsko tehnologijo – Varnost – 1. del: Splošne
zahteve (IEC 60950-1)
SIST EN 61000-6-x (skupina) Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 6-x. del: Osnovni standardi
SIST EN 61386 (skupina) Sistemi kanalov za električne inštalacije
SIST EN 61558-2-1 Varnost močnostnih transformatorjev, napajalnikov, reaktorjev in
podobnih izdelkov – 2-1. del: Posebne zahteve za ločilne
transformatorje in napajalnike z ločilnimi transformatorji za splošno
rabo (IEC 61558-2-1)
SIST EN 61558-2-4 Varnost transformatorjev, dušilk, napajalnikov in podobnih izdelkov za
napajalne napetosti do 1100 V – 2-4. del: Posebne zahteve in preskusi
za ločilne transformatorje in napajalnike z ločilnimi transformatorji (IEC
61558-2-4)
II
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SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
SIST EN 61558-2-6 Varnost transformatorjev, dušilk, napajalnikov in podobnih izdelkov za
napajalne napetosti do 1100 V – 2-6. del: Posebne zahteve in preskusi
za varnostne ločilne transformatorje in napajalnike z varnostnimi
ločilnimi transformatorji (IEC 61558-2-6)
SIST EN 61558-2-15 Varnost transformatorjev, dušilk, napajalnikov in njihovih kombinacij –
2-15. del: Posebne zahteve in preskusi za ločilne transformatorje v
napajalnikih v medicinskih prostorih
SIST EN 62305-3 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 3. del: Fizična škoda na zgradbah in
nevarnost za živa bitja (IEC 62305-3)
SIST HD 60364-1:2008 Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 1. del: Temeljna načela, ocena
splošnih karakteristik, definicije (IEC 60364-1:2005, spremenjen)
SIST HD 60364-4-41:2007 Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 4-41. del: Zaščitni ukrepi –
Zaščita pred električnim udarom (IEC 60364-4-41:2005, spremenjen)
SIST HD 60364-5-52:2011 Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 5-52. del: Izbira in namestitev
električne opreme – Inštalacijski sistemi
SIST HD 60364-5-54:2007 Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 5-54. del: Izbira in namestitev
električne opreme – Ozemljitve in zaščitni vezni vodniki (IEC 60364-5-
54:2002, spremenjen)
SIST-TP IEC/TR2 61000-2-5:2004 Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 2. del: Okolje – Oddelek
5: Razvrščanje elektromagnetnih okolij – Osnovna publikacija o EMC
SIST EN 300 253 V2.1.1:2006 Inženiring opreme (EE) – Ozemljitev in povezave telekomunikacijske
opreme v telekomunikacijskih centrih
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
– privzem HD 60364-4-444:2010
PREDHODNA IZDAJA
– SIST R064-004:2000, Električne inštalacije zgradb – Zaščita pred elektromagnetnimi motnjami v
inštalacijah zgradb (IEC 60364-4-444:1996, spremenjen)
OPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz "evropski standard", v SIST HD 60364-4-
444:2011 to pomeni "slovenski standard".
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
– Ta nacionalni dokument je istoveten HD 60364-4-444:2010 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem
CEN /CENELEC
Upravni center
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Bruselj
This national document is identical with HD 60364-4-444:2010 and is published with the permission
of
CEN /CENELEC
Management Centre
Avenue Marnix 17
B -1000 Brussels
III
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SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
(prazna stran)
IV
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HARMONIZACIJSKI DOKUMENT HD 60364-4-444
HARMONIZATION DOCUMENT
DOCUMENT D'HARMONISATION
HARMONISIERUNGSDOKUMENT
maj 2010
ICS 91.140.50 Nadomešča R064-004:1999
Slovenska izdaja
Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 4-444. del: Zaščitni ukrepi –
Zaščita pred napetostnimi in elektromagnetnimi motnjami
(IEC 60364-4-44:2007 (točka 444), spremenjen)
Low-voltage electrical Installations électriques à Errichten von
installations – Part 4-444: basse tension – Partie 4-444: Niederspannungsanlagen - Teil
Protection for safety – Protection pour assurer la 4-444: Schutzmaßnahmen –
Protection against voltage sécurité – Protection contre les Schutz bei Störspannungen
disturbances and perturbations de tension et les und elektromagnetischen
electromagnetic disturbances perturbations Störgrößen
(IEC 60364-4-44:2007 électromagnétiques (CEI (IEC 60364-4-44:2007
(CLAUSE 444), modified) 60364-4-44:2007 (CLAUSE (CLAUSE 444), modifiziert))
444), modifiée)
Ta harmonizacijski dokument je CENELEC sprejel 1. maja 2010. Člani CENELEC morajo izpolnjevati
notranje predpise CEN/CENELEC, s katerimi so predpisani pogoji za privzem harmonizacijskega
dokumenta na nacionalno raven.
Najnovejši seznami in bibliografske reference, ki zadevajo takšne nacionalne standarde, se na zahtevo
lahko dobijo pri Centralnem sekretariatu ali kateremkoli članu CENELEC.
Ta harmonizacijski dokument obstaja v treh izvirnih izdajah (angleški, francoski, nemški).
Člani CENELEC so nacionalni elektrotehniški komiteji Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve, Luksemburga,
Madžarske, Malte, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške, Slovenije,
Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.
CENELEC
Evropski komite za standardizacijo v elektrotehniki
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Upravni center: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Bruselj
© 2010 CENELEC Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse države članice CENELEC Ref. št. HD 60364-4-444:2010 E
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SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor . 5
444 Ukrepi pred elektromagnetnimi vplivi . 6
444.0 Uvod . 6
444.1 Področje uporabe . 6
444.2 Zveze s standardi . 6
444.3 Definicije . 7
444.4 Ublažitev elektromagnetnega motenja (EMI) . 8
444.4.1 Viri elektromagnetnega motenja . 8
444.4.2 Ukrepi za zmanjšanje elektromagnetnega motenja . 9
444.4.3 Sistem TN . 11
444.4.4 Sistem TT . 15
444.4.5 Sistem IT . 16
444.4.6 Sistem z več napajanji . 17
444.4.6.1 Splošne zahteve . 17
444.4.6.2 Sistem TN z več viri napajanja . 18
444.4.6.3 Sistem TT z več viri napajanja . 20
444.4.7 Preklop napajanja . 21
444.4.8 Storitve, ki vstopajo v stavbo . 23
444.4.9 Posamezne stavbe . 23
444.4.10 Notranjost stavb. 24
444.4.11 Zaščitne naprave . 25
444.4.12 Signalni kabli . 26
444.5 Ozemljitev in izenačitev potencialov . 26
444.5.1 Medsebojno povezovanje ozemljil . 26
444.5.2 Medsebojno povezavovanje dovodnih omrežij in ozemljitvenih sestavov . 26
444.5.3 Različne strukture omrežja vodnikov za izenačitev potencialov in ozemljitvenih vodnikov . 27
444.5.3.1 Zaščitni vodniki, priključeni na obročast vodnik za izenačitev potencialov . 27
444.5.3.2 Zaščitni vodniki v zvezdastem omrežju . 27
444.5.3.3 Večdelno zazankano omrežje za izenačitev potencialov . 27
444.5.3.4 Skupno zazankano zvezdasto omrežje za izenačitev potencialov . 28
444.5.4 Omrežje za izenačitev potencialov v večnadstropnih stavbah . 29
444.5.5 Vodnik funkcijske ozemljitve . 29
444.5.6 Poslovne ali industrijske stavbe s pomembno količino opreme informacijske tehnologije . 30
444.5.6.1 Dimenzioniranje in nameščanje omrežja obročastih vodnikov za izenačitev potencialov . 30
444.5.6.2 Deli za priključitev na omrežje za izenačitev potencialov. 30
444.5.7 Ozemljitveni sestavi in izenačitve potencialov inštalacij informacijske tehnologije za
funkcijske namene . 30
444.5.7.1 Ozemljitvena zbiralka . 30
444.5.7.2 Prerez ozemljitvene zbiralke . 30
2
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SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
444.5.7.Z1 Povezava z zemljo, da so izpolnjene zahteve elektromagnetne združljivosti za
komunikacijske celice/ohišja in stojala . 31
444.6 Ločevanje tokokrogov . 31
444.6.1 Splošno . 31
444.6.2 Zahteve za projektiranje . 31
444.6.3 Pogoji brez oddvajanja . 34
444.7 Sistemi nameščanja kablov . 35
444.7.1 Splošno . 35
444.7.2 Navodila za izbiro . 35
444.Z1 Namestitev . 36
444.Z1.1 Kovinski sistemi ali sistemi iz kompozitnih materialov za nameščanje kablov, ki so
namenjeni za zaščito elektromagnetne združljivosti . 36
Dodatek ZA (normativni): Posebni nacionalni pogoji . 38
Literatura. 42
Slika 44.R1: Obvodni vodnik za ojačitev zaslona, ki zagotavlja skupni sistem za izenačitev
potencialov . 10
Slika 44.R2: Primer nadomestnega ali obvodnega vodnika za izenačitev potencialov v sistemu TT . 10
Slika 44.R3A: Preprečevanje tokov v nevtralnem vodniku v konstrukciji za izenačitev
potencialov z uporabo sistema TN-S od začetne točke javnega napajanja do vključno
končnega tokokroga v stavbi . 12
Slika 44.R3B: Preprečevanje tokov v nevtralnem vodniku v konstrukciji za izenačitev
potencialov z uporabo sistema TN-S od mesta zasebnega napajalnega
transformatorja odjemalca . 13
Slika 44.R4: Sistem TN-C-S v obstoječi inštalaciji stavbe . 14
Slika 44.R5: Sistem TT v inštalaciji stavbe . 15
Slika 44.R6: Sistem IT v inštalaciji stavbe . 16
Slika 44.R7A1: Sistema TN in TT z več viri napajanja in eno samo povezavo med PEN in zemljo . 17
Slika 44.R7A2: Sistema TN in TT z več viri napajanja in nedovoljeno večkratno povezavo
med PEN in zemljo . 18
Slika 44.R7B: Sistem TN z več viri napajanja in ozemljitveno povezavo zvezdišč
samo enkrat v eni sami točki . 19
Slika 44.R8: Inštalacija s sistemom TT z več viri napajanja in z ozemljitvijo zvezdišč
samo enkrat v eni sami točki . 20
Slika 44. R9A: Trifazno izmenično napajanje s štiripolnim stikalom . 21
Slika 44.R9B: Tok nevtralnega vodnika v trifaznem izmeničnem napajanju pri neustreznem
tripolnem stikalu . 22
Slika 44.R9C: Enofazno izmenično napajanje z dvopolnim stikalom . 23
Slika 44.R10: Prikaz ukrepov v obstoječi stavbi . 25
Slika 44.R11: Medsebojno povezana ozemljila . 26
Slika 44.R12: Primeri zaščitnih vodnikov v zvezdastem omrežju . 27
Slika 44.R13: Primer večdelnega zazankanega zvezdastega omrežja za izenačitev potencialov . 28
Slika 44.R14.: Primer skupnega zazankanega zvezdastega omrežja za izenačitev potencialov . 28
3
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SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
Slika 44.R15: Primer omrežij za izenačitev potencialov v stavbah brez sistema zaščite
pred delovanjem strele . 29
Slika 44.RZ1: Primer ločilne razdalje med kabli . 33
Slika 44.RZ2: Primer oddvajanja in ločevanja . 34
Slika 44.R19: Razmestitev kablov na kovinskih kabelskih policah . 36
Slika 44.RZ3: Primeri izvedbe neprekinjenosti kovinskih komponent sistema, ki zagotavlja zaščito
elektromagnetne združljivosti . 36
Slika 44.RZ4: Prekinitev kovinskega sistema za nameščanje kablov pri protipožarnih pregradah . 37
Slika 44.R7C: Sistem TN z več viri napajanja inštalacije s povezavo z zemljo zvezdiščnih točk
v eni in samo eni točki (praktični primer z enakimi funkcijami je prikazan na sliki 44.R7B) . 39
Preglednica Z1: Povzetek najkrajših ločilnih razdalj, kadar specifikacija in/ali predvidena
uporaba kablov informacijske tehnologije nista znani . 32
4
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SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
Predgovor
Besedilo mednarodnega standarda IEC 60364-4-44:2007, točka 444, ki ga je pripravil IEC/TC 64
Električne inštalacije in zaščita pred električnim udarom, je bilo skupaj s skupnimi spremembami, ki jih
je pripravil tehnični odbor CENELEC/TC 64 Električne inštalacije in zaščita pred električnim udarom,
predloženo v formalno glasovanje in ga je CENELEC 1. maja 2010 sprejel kot HD 60364-4-444.
Ta evropski standard nadomešča R064-004:1999.
Upoštevati je treba, da so nekateri elementi tega dokumenta lahko predmet patentnih pravic. CENELEC
[in/ali CEN] ni odgovoren za identifikacijo katerekoli ali vseh teh pravic.
Določena sta bila naslednja datuma:
‒ zadnji datum, do katerega mora HD dobiti status
nacionalnega standarda bodisi z objavo
istovetnega besedila ali z razglasitvijo (dop) 2011-05-01
‒ zadnji datum, do katerega je treba razveljaviti
nacionalne standarde, ki so s HD v nasprotju (dow) 2011-05-01
V tem harmonizacijskem dokumentu so skupne spremembe mednarodnega standarda označene z
navpično črto na levem robu besedila.
Točke, podtočke, opombe, preglednice in slike, ki so dodane k tej točki 444 standarda IEC 60364-4-
44:2007, imajo predpono "Z".
5
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SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
444 Ukrepi pred elektromagnetnimi vplivi
444.0 Uvod
Točka 444 podaja zahteve in priporočila, da se preprečijo in ublažijo elektromagnetne motnje.
Dokument, točka 444, je namenjen arhitektom in sodelujočim pri projektiranju, nameščanju in
vzdrževanju električnih inštalacij.
Elektromagnetni vplivi (EMI) lahko motijo ali poškodujejo sisteme informacijskih tehnologij (IKT),
oddajne komunikacijske tehnologije (BCT), vodenje/krmiljenje, nadzor in komunikacije (CCCB),
procesni nadzor, krmilne in avtomatizacijske sisteme (PMCA). Toki strele, stikalni manevri, kratki stiki
in drugi elektromagnetni pojavi lahko povzročajo prenapetosti in elektromagnetne vplive.
Ti učinki se lahko pojavijo:
‒ kjer obstajajo velike prevodne zanke,
‒ kjer so nameščeni različni električni inštalacijski sistemi na skupnih trasah, npr. napajalni,
komunikacijski, krmilni ali signalni kabli.
Elektroenergetski kabli, obremenjeni z velikimi toki, ki se spreminjajo z veliko strmino (di/dt), lahko
inducirajo prenapetosti v nadzornih, krmilnih in komunikacijskih kablih sistemov električnih inštalacij, ki
lahko vplivajo na priključeno električno opremo ali jo poškodujejo.
444.1 Področje uporabe
Zahteve in priporočila za električne inštalacije so podani z namenom, da se prepreči ali zmanjša vpliv
elektromagnetnih motenj.
Pravila tega dela se ne uporabljajo za sisteme, ki so v celoti ali delno pod nadzorom javnih podjetij za
elektroenergetsko oskrbo (glej področje uporabe HD 60364-1:2008), čeprav se lahko napetostne in
elektromagnetne motnje prevajajo ali inducirajo v električne inštalacije preko teh napajalnih sistemov.
444.2 Zveze s standardi
Za uporabo tega standarda so nujno potrebni naslednji navedeni dokumenti. Pri datiranih sklicevanjih
se uporablja zgolj navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja
navedenega dokumenta (vključno z dopolnili).
EN 50117-4-1:2008 Koaksialni kabli – 4-1. del: Področna specifikacija za kable za okabljenje BCT
v skladu z EN 50173 – Notranji zaključni kabli za sisteme, ki delujejo v
območju 5 MHz do 3.000
EN 50173-1:2007 Informacijska tehnologija – Univerzalni sistemi polaganja kablov – 1. del:
Splošne zahteve
EN 50174-2:2009 Informacijska tehnologija – Polaganje kablov – 2. del: Načrtovanje inštalacij in
tehnike dela v stavbah
EN 50174-3:2003 Informacijska tehnologija – Pokabljenje – 3. del: Načrtovanje inštalacij in
tehnike dela zunaj zgradb
EN 50288 (skupina) Večelementni kovinski kabli za analogne in digitalne komunikacije in krmiljenje
EN 50310:2006 Izenačitev potencialov in ozemljevanje v stavbah z opremo informacijske
tehnologije
6
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SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
EN 60950-1 Oprema za informacijsko tehnologijo – Varnost – 1. del: Splošne zahteve (IEC
60950-1)
EN 61000-6-x (skupina) Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 6-x. del: Osnovni standardi (skupina
IEC 61000-6-x)
EN 61386 (skupina) Sistemi kanalov za električne inštalacije (skupina IEC 61386)
EN 61558-2-1 Varnost močnostnih transformatorjev, napajalnikov, reaktorjev in podobnih
izdelkov – 2-1. del: Posebne zahteve za ločilne transformatorje in napajalnike
z ločilnimi transformatorji za splošno rabo (IEC 61558-2-1)
EN 61558-2-4 Varnost transformatorjev, dušilk, napajalnikov in podobnih izdelkov za
napajalne napetosti do 1100 V – 2-4. del: Posebne zahteve in preskusi za
ločilne transformatorje in napajalnike z ločilnimi transformatorji (IEC 61558-2-
4)
EN 61558-2-6 Varnost transformatorjev, dušilk, napajalnikov in podobnih izdelkov za
napajalne napetosti do 1100 V – 2-6. del: Posebne zahteve in preskusi za
varnostne ločilne transformatorje in napajalnike z varnostnimi ločilnimi
transformatorji (IEC 61558-2-6)
EN 61558-2-15 Varnost transformatorjev, dušilk, napajalnikov in njihovih kombinacij – 2-15.
del: Posebne zahteve in preskusi za ločilne transformatorje v napajalnikih v
medicinskih prostorih (IEC 61558-2-15)
EN 62305-3 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 3. del: Fizična škoda na zgradbah in
nevarnost za živa bitja (IEC 62305-3)
HD 60364-1:2008 Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 1. del: Temeljna načela, ocena
splošnih karakteristik, definicije (IEC 60364-1:2005, spremenjen)
HD 60364-4-41:2007 Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 4-41. del: Zaščitni ukrepi – Zaščita
pred električnim udarom (IEC 60364-4-41:2005, spremenjen)
1
HD 60364-5-52:200X Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 5-52. del: Izbira in namestitev
električne opreme – Inštalacijski sistemi (IEC 60364-5-52:2009)
HD 60364-5-54:2007 Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije – 5-54. del: Izbira in namestitev
električne opreme – Ozemljitve in zaščitni vezni vodniki (IEC 60364-5-
54:2002, spremenjen)
IEC/TR 61000-2-5:1995 Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 2. del: Okolje – Oddelek 5: Razvrščanje
elektromagnetnih okolij – Osnovna publikacija o EMC
ETSI EN 300 253:2002 Inženiring opreme (EE) – Ozemljitev in povezave telekomunikacijske opreme
v telekomunikacijskih centrih
444.3 Definicije
Za osnovne definicije glej HD 60364-1:2008. V tem dokumentu se uporabljajo še naslednje definicije:
444.3.1
omrežje za izenačitev potencialov, BN
nabor medsebojno spojenih prevodnih struktur, ki zagotavljajo "elektromagnetni zaslon" za elektronske
sisteme in osebje v frekvenčnem območju od enosmernih tokov (DC) do nizkih radijskih frekvenc (RF)
OPOMBA: Pojem "elektromagnetni zaslon" pomeni vsako strukturo, uporabljeno za odvračanje, preprečevanje ali oviranje
prehajanja elektromagnetne energije. Na splošno ozemljitev tega sistema ni nujna, čeprav se za BN, ki ga
obravnava ta standard, šteje, da je sistem ozemljen.
[3.1.2 iz EN 50310:2006]
1
V pripravi.
7
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SIST HD 60364-4-444 : 2011
444.3.2
obročasti vodnik za izenačitev potencialov, BRC
vodnik ozemljitvene zbiralke v obliki sklenjenega obroča
[3.1.3 iz EN 50310:2006]
OPOMBA: Praviloma ima obročasti vodnik za izenačitev potencialov več povezav s CBN, kar izboljša njegovo učinkovitost.
444.3.3
skupni sistem za izenačitev potencialov
skupno omrežje za izenačitev potencialov, CBN
sistem za izenačitev potencialov, ki zagotavlja zaščitno in funkcijsko izenačitev potencialov
[IEV 195-02-25]
444.3.4
izenačitev potencialov
ukrep z električnimi povezavami med prevodnimi deli, da se doseže enakost potencialov
[IEV 195-01-10]
444.3.5
omrežje ozemljil
del ozemljitvenega sistema, ki zajema le ozemljila in njihove povezave
[IEV 195-02-21]
444.3.6
zazankano omrežje za izenačitev potencialov, MESH-BN
omrežje za izenačitev potencialov, v katerem so vsi pripadajoči okviri, stojala in ohišja opreme ter
navadno tudi povratni vodnik enosmernega napajanja povezani medsebojno in tudi v več točkah s CBN
[3.1.2 iz ETSI EN 300 253:2002-04]
OPOMBA: MESH-BN poveča učinke CBN
444.3.7
obvodni ozemljitveni vodnik (PEC – vzporedni ozemljitveni vodnik)
vodnik, navadno položen vzdolž kabelske trase, da zagotovi nizkoimpedančno povezavo med
ozemljitvenimi sestavi na koncu kabelske trase
[IEV 195-02-29]
OPOMBA: Glej sliko 44R1 v tem do
...
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