EN 60695-11-10:2013
(Main)Fire hazard testing - Part 11-10: Test flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
Fire hazard testing - Part 11-10: Test flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
IEC 60695-11-10:2013 specifies small-scale laboratory test procedures intended to compare the burning behaviour of different materials used in electrotechnical products when vertically or horizontally oriented test bar specimens are exposed to a small flame ignition source with a nominal thermal power of 50 W. These test methods determine either the linear burning rate or the self-extinguishing properties of materials. These test methods are applicable to solid and cellular materials that have an apparent density of more than 250 kg/m3, determined in accordance with ISO 845. Two test methods are described. Method A is a horizontal burning test and is intended to determine the linear burning rate of materials under specific test conditions. Method B is a vertical burning test and is intended to determine whether materials self-extinguish under specific test conditions. This second edition cancels and replaces the consolidated version of IEC 60695-11-10 published in 2003 and constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the first edition are listed below: - Editorial changes have been made throughout the document for the purpose of aligning IEC 60695-11-10 with IEC 60695-11-20, - Details on test specimen dimensions have been added to Clause 7, - New Sublause 9.1.4 Conditioning of the cotton pad has been added, - New Subclause 9.2.4 Evaluation of 'burned to the holding clamp' has been added, - New Annex C with examples of datasheets has been added, - The Bibliography has been updated and references added. It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-11-4. Key words: Test flames, Fire hazard, Fire test
Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr - Teil 11-10: Prüfflammen - Prüfverfahren mit einer 50-W-Prüfflamme horizontal und vertikal
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 11-10: Flammes d'essai - Méthodes d'essai horizontal et vertical à la flamme de 50 W
La CEI 60695-11-10:2013 spécifie des modes opératoires d'essai à petite échelle en laboratoire pour comparer le comportement en combustion de différents matériaux utilisés dans les produits électrotechniques lorsque des éprouvettes d'essai en forme de barreau, en position verticale ou horizontale, sont exposées à une source d'allumage constituée d'une petite flamme, d'une puissance thermique nominale de 50 W. Ces méthodes d'essai déterminent la vitesse linéaire de combustion ou les propriétés d'auto-extinction des matériaux. Ces méthodes d'essai sont applicables aux matériaux solides et alvéolaires ayant une masse volumique apparente supérieure à 250 kg/m3, déterminée conformément à l'ISO 845. Deux méthodes d'essai sont décrites. La Méthode A est une méthode d'essai de combustion horizontale et elle est destinée à déterminer une vitesse linéaire de combustion des matériaux dans des conditions d'essai spécifiques. La Méthode B est une méthode d'essai de combustion verticale et elle est destinée à déterminer si les matériaux sont auto-extinguibles dans des conditions d'essai spécifiques. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la version consolidée de la CEI 60695-11-10 publiée en 2008. Elle en constitue une révision technique. Les principales modifications apportées par rapport à la première édition sont énumérées ci-dessous: - Des modifications rédactionnelles ont été faites dans l'ensemble du document en vue d'aligner la CEI 60695-11-10 sur la CEI 695-11-20, - des détails sur les dimensions des éprouvettes d'essai ont été ajoutés dans l'Article 7, - un nouveau Paragraphe 9.1.4 Conditionnement du coussin de coton a été ajouté, - un nouveau Paragraphe 9.2.4 Evaluation de l'état 'consumé jusqu'à la pince de fixation a été ajouté, - une nouvelle Annexe C avec des exemples de fiches techniques a été ajoutée et - la Bibliographie a été actualisée et des références ajoutées. Cette norme a le statut d'une publication fondamentale de sécurité conformément au Guide CEI 104 et au Guide ISO/CEI 51. La présente norme internationale doit être utilisée conjointement avec la CEI 60695-11-4. Mots-clés: Flammes d'essai, Risque du feu, essai au feu
Preskušanje požarne ogroženosti - 11-10. del: Preskusni plameni - Preskusne metode s 50-vatnim vodoravnim in navpičnim plamenom (IEC 60695-11-10:2013)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr - Teil 11-10: Prüfflammen - Prüfverfahren mit einer 50-W-Prüfflamme horizontal und vertikalEssais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 11-10: Flammes d'essai - Méthodes d'essai horizontale et verticale à la flamme de 50 WFire hazard testing - Part 11-10: Test flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods29.020Elektrotehnika na splošnoElectrical engineering in general13.220.40Sposobnost vžiga in obnašanje materialov in proizvodov pri gorenjuIgnitability and burning behaviour of materials and productsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 60695-11-10:2013SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014en01-februar-2014SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 60695-11-10:2000/A1:2004SIST EN 60695-11-10:20001DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60695-11-10 NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM August 2013
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2013 CENELEC -
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60695-11-10:2013 E
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 Supersedes EN 60695-11-10:1999 + A1:2003
English version
Fire hazard testing -
Part 11-10: Test flames -
50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods (IEC 60695-11-10:2013)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu -
Partie 11-10: Flammes d'essai -
Méthodes d'essai horizontal et vertical
à la flamme de 50 W (CEI 60695-11-10:2013)
Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr -
Teil 11-10: Prüfflammen -
Prüfverfahren mit einer 50-W-Prüfflamme horizontal und vertikal (IEC 60695-11-10:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-06-25. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Foreword The text of document 89/1161/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60695-11-10, prepared by IEC/TC 89 "Fire hazard testing" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60695-11-10:2013.
The following dates are fixed: • latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2014-03-25 • latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-06-25
This document supersedes EN 60695-11-10:1999 + A1:2003.
This standard shall be used in conjunction with EN 60695-11-4.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard covers the Principle Elements of the Safety Objectives for Electrical Equipment Designed for Use within Certain Voltage Limits (LVD - 2006/95/EC).
Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60695-11-10:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60695-1-10:2009 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60695-1-10:2010 (not modified). IEC 60695-1-11:2010 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60695-1-11:2010 (not modified). IEC 60695-11-5:2004 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60695-11-5:2005 (not modified). IEC 60695-1-30:2008 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60695-1-30:2008 (not modified). IEC 60695-11-20 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60695-11-20. ISO 1043-1 NOTE Harmonised as EN ISO 1043-1. ISO 845 NOTE Harmonised as EN ISO 845. SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
- 3 - EN 60695-11-10:2013
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE
When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60695-4 - Fire hazard testing -
Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for electrotechnical products EN 60695-4 -
IEC 60695-11-4 - Fire hazard testing -
Part 11-4: Test flames - 50 W flame - Apparatus and confirmational test method EN 60695-11-4 -
IEC Guide 104 - The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications - -
ISO/IEC Guide 51 - Safety aspects - Guidelines for their inclusion in standards - -
ISO/IEC 13943 2008 Fire safety - Vocabulary - -
ISO 291 2008 Plastics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
EN ISO 291 2008
ISO 293 - Plastics - Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials EN ISO 293 -
ISO 294 Series Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials EN ISO 294 Series
ISO 295 - Plastics - Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials EN ISO 295 -
ISO 307 - Plastics - Polyamides - Determination of viscosity number EN ISO 307 -
ISO 9773 - Plastics - Determination of burning
behaviour of thin flexible vertical specimens in contact with a small-flame ignition source EN ISO 9773 -
ISO 16012 - Plastics - Determination of linear dimensions of test specimens - -
IEC 60695-11-10 Edition 2.0 2013-05 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Fire hazard testing –
Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 11-10: Flammes d'essai – Méthodes d'essai horizontal et vertical à la flamme de 50 W
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE W ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-83220-796-3
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
– 2 – 60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Principle . 11 5 Significance of the fire tests . 12 5.1 Vertical and horizontal testing . 12 5.2 Limitations on the use of test results . 12 5.3 Physical properties that can affect burning behaviour . 12 5.4 Shrinkage and distortion . 12 5.5 Effects of test specimen conditioning . 12 6 Apparatus . 12 6.1 Laboratory fume hood/chamber . 12 6.2 Laboratory burner . 13 6.3 Support stand . 13 6.4 Timing device . 13 6.5 Measuring scale . 13 6.6 Wire gauze . 13 6.7 Conditioning chamber . 13 6.8 Micrometer . 13 6.9 HB support fixture . 13 6.10 Desiccator . 13 6.11 Air-circulating oven . 14 6.12 Cotton pads . 14 7 Test specimens . 14 7.1 Test specimen preparation . 14 7.2 Test specimen dimensions . 14 7.3 Testing materials – ranges in formulations . 15 7.3.1 General . 15 7.3.2 Density, melt flows and filler/reinforcement . 15 7.3.3 Colour . 15 8 Test method A – Horizontal burning test . 16 8.1 Conditioning and test conditions . 16 8.1.1 General . 16 8.1.2 “As received” conditioned test specimens . 16 8.1.3 Test conditions . 16 8.2 Test procedure . 16 8.2.1 Test specimen marking . 16 8.2.2 Test specimen setup . 16 8.2.3 Flame setup. 16 8.2.4 Application of flame and use of the HB support fixture . 17 8.2.5 Method and observations . 17 8.3 Calculation . 17 8.4 Classification . 17 SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 – 3 – 8.4.1 General . 17 8.4.2 HB classification . 18 8.4.3 HB40 classification . 18 8.4.4 HB75 classification . 18 8.5 Test report . 18 9 Test method B – Vertical burning test . 19 9.1 Conditioning and test conditions . 19 9.1.1 General . 19 9.1.2 “As received” conditioned test specimens . 19 9.1.3 Oven conditioned test specimens . 19 9.1.4 Conditioning of the cotton pads . 19 9.1.5 Test conditions . 19 9.2 Test procedure . 19 9.2.1 Test specimen setup . 19 9.2.2 Flame setup. 19 9.2.3 Flame application and observations . 20 9.2.4 Evaluation of “burned to the holding clamp” . 21 9.2.5 Criteria for retest . 21 9.3 Calculation of the total afterflame time, tf . 21 9.4 Classification . 21 9.5 Test report . 22 Annex A (informative)
Precision of test method A . 34 Annex B (informative)
Precision of test method B . 35 Bibliography . 36
Figure 1 – Horizontal burning test apparatus . 23 Figure 2 – Flexible test specimen support fixture – method A . 24 Figure 3 – Vertical burning test apparatus – method B . 25 Figure 4 – Bar test specimen . 26 Figure 5 – Optional clearance gauge . 27 Figure 6 – Clearance gauge . 28 Figure 7 – Flame application . 29 Figure 8 – Flame application when there are molten drips . 30 Figure 9 – HB Specimen Gauge (Example) . 30 Figure 10 – V Specimen Gauge (Example) . 31 Figure 11 – Flame front position not classified as “burned to the holding clamp” . 32 Figure 12 – Flame front position classified as “burned to the holding clamp” . 33
Table 1 – Thickness tolerances . 15 Table 2 – Criteria for vertical burning classification . 21 Table A.1 – Linear burning rate . 34 Table B.1 – Afterflame time and afterflame plus afterglow times . 35
– 4 – 60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 11-10: Test flames –
50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60695-11-10 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire hazard testing. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 89/1161/FDIS 89/1165/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 – 5 – This second edition cancels and replaces the consolidated version of IEC 60695-11-10 published in 2003 and constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the first edition are listed below: – Editorial changes have been made throughout the document for the purpose of aligning IEC 60695-11-10 with IEC 60695-11-20. – Details on test specimen dimensions have been added to Clause 7. – New Sublause 9.1.4 Conditioning of the cotton pad has been added. – New Subclause 9.2.4 Evaluation of “burned to the holding clamp” has been added. – New Annex C with examples of datasheets has been added. – The Bibliography has been updated and references added. It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-11-4. A list of all the parts in the IEC 60695 series, under the general title Fire hazard testing, can be found on the IEC website. Part 11 consists of the following parts: Part 11-2: Test flames – 1 kW nominal pre-mixed flame – Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance Part 11-3: Test flames – 500 W flames – Apparatus and confirmational test methods Part 11-4: Test flames – 50 W flame – Apparatus and confirmational test method Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method – Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods Part 11-11: Test flames – Determination of the characteristic heat flux for ignition from a non-contacting flame source Part 11-20: Test flames – 500 W flame test methods Part 11-30: Test flames – History and development from 1979 to 1999 Part 11-40: Test flames – Confirmatory tests – Guidance The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed, • withdrawn, • replaced by a revised edition, or • amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 6 – 60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 INTRODUCTION In the design of any electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective of component, circuit, and product design, as well as the choice of materials, is to reduce to acceptable levels the potential risks of fire during normal operating conditions, reasonable foreseeable abnormal use, malfunction, and/or failure. IEC Technical Committee 89 has developed IEC 60695-1-10, together with its companion, IEC 60695-1-11, to provide guidance on how this is to be accomplished. The primary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 are to provide guidance on how: a) to prevent ignition caused by an electrically energized component part, and b) to confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the electrotechnical product in the event of ignition.
Secondary aims of these documents include the minimization of any flame spread beyond the product’s enclosure and the minimization of harmful effects of fire effluents such as heat, smoke, toxicity and/or corrosivity. Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical sources. Considerations of this nature should be dealt with in the overall fire hazard assessment. This part of IEC 60695 describes the test procedures for small scale tests to be carried out on materials used in electrotechnical equipment. A 50 W test flame is used as an ignition source. The test methods described provide classifications which may be used for quality assurance, the pre-selection of component materials of products, or to verify the required minimum flammability classification of materials used in end products. These test methods should not be used solely to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of these test methods may be used as elements of a fire hazard assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to a particular end use. This international standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this international standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 – 7 – FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 11-10: Test flames –
50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
1 Scope This part of IEC 60695 specifies small-scale laboratory test procedures intended to compare the burning behaviour of different materials used in electrotechnical products when vertically or horizontally oriented test bar specimens are exposed to a small flame ignition source with a nominal thermal power of 50 W. These test methods determine either the linear burning rate or the self-extinguishing properties of materials. These test methods are applicable to solid and cellular materials that have an apparent density of more than 250 kg/m3, determined in accordance with ISO 845. Two test methods are described. Method A is a horizontal burning test and is intended to determine the linear burning rate of materials under specific test conditions.
Method B is a vertical burning test and is intended to determine whether materials self-extinguish under specific test conditions. NOTE 1 ISO 9772 [8]1 describes a test method for the determination of the burning characteristics to be used for materials with an apparent density of 250 kg/m3 or less. ISO 9773 describes a test method for the determination of the burning behaviour to be used for materials that due to their thinness, either distort and/or are burned up to the holding clamp using Method B of this standard. The test methods described provide classifications (see 8.4 and 9.4), which may be used for quality assurance, the pre-selection of component materials of products, or to verify the required minimum flammability classification of materials used in end products. NOTE 2 Guidance on pre-selection is given in IEC 60695-1-30. This basic safety publication is intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60695-4, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for electrotechnical products ___________ 1
Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
– 8 – 60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 IEC 60695-11-4, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-4: Test flames – 50 W flames – Apparatus and confirmational test method IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards ISO/IEC 13943:2008, Fire Safety – Vocabulary ISO 291:2008, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 293, Plastics – Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials ISO 294, (all parts), Plastics – Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials ISO 295, Plastics – Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials ISO 307, Plastics – Polyamides – Determination of viscosity number ISO 9773, Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour of thin flexible vertical specimens in contact with a small-flame ignition source ISO 16012, Plastics – Determination of linear dimensions of test specimens
3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 13943:2008 and IEC 60695-4, some of which are reproduced below for the user’s convenience, as well as the following apply. 3.1
afterflame flame that persists after the ignition source has been removed [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.6] 3.2
afterflame time
length of time for which an afterflame persists under specified test conditions Note 1 to entry: Designated in Method B of this standard by the parameters t1 and t2. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.7] 3.3
afterglow persistence of glowing combustion after both removal of the ignition source and the cessation of any flaming combustion [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.8] 3.4
afterglow time length of time which an afterglow persists under specified test conditions SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 – 9 – Note 1 to entry: Designated in Method B of this standard by the parameter t3. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.9] 3.5
“as received” state of test specimens after a specified period of preconditioning at laboratory ambient conditions 3.6
burn, intransitive verb undergo combustion [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.28] 3.7
burning behaviour 〈fire tests〉 response of a test specimen, when it burns under specified conditions, to examination of reaction to fire or fire resistance [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.32] 3.8
combustion exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent Note to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.46] 3.9
draught-free environment space in which the results of experiments are not significantly affected by the local air speed Note 1 to entry: A qualitative example is a space in which a wax candle flame remains essentially undisturbed. Quantitative examples are small-scale fire tests in which a maximum air speed of 0,1 m × s–1 or 0,2 m × s–1 is sometimes specified. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.70] 3.10
enclosure 〈electrotechnical〉 external casing protecting the electrical and mechanical parts of apparatus Note 1 to entry: The term excludes cables. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.78] 3.11
fire hazard physical object or condition with a potential for an undesirable consequence from fire [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.112] 3.12
fire hazard assessment evaluation of the possible causes of fire, the possibility and nature of subsequent fire growth, and the possible consequences of fire SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
– 10 – 60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 [SOURCE: IEC 60695-4, definition 3.2.10]2 3.13
fire retardant substance added, or a treatment applied, to a material in order to delay ignition or to reduce the rate of combustion Note 1 to entry: The use of a fire retardant does not necessarily suppress fire or terminate combustion. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.123] 3.14
fire risk probability of a fire combined with a quantified measure of its consequence Note 1 to entry: It is often calculated as the product of probability and consequence. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.124] 3.15
fire test test that measures behaviour of a fire or exposes an item to the effects of a fire Note 1 to entry: The results of a fire test can be used to quantify fire severity or determine the fire resistance or reaction to fire of the test specimen. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.132] 3.16
flame, verb produce flame [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.134] 3.17
flame, noun rapid, self-sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion in a gaseous medium, usually with emission of light [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.133] 3.18
flame front boundary of flaming combustion at the surface of a material or propagating through a gaseous mixture [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.136] 3.19
flame spread propagation of a flame front [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.142] ___________ 2
Proposed. SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 – 11 – 3.20
flammability ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified conditions [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.151] 3.21
ignition DEPRECATED: sustained ignition 〈general〉 initiation of combustion [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.187] 3.22
ignition DEPRECATED: sustained ignition 〈flaming combustion〉 initiation of sustained flame [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.188] 3.23
linear burning rate DEPRECATED: burning rate DEPRECATED: rate of burning length of material burned per unit time under specified conditions Note 1 to entry: The typical units are metres per second (m × s–1). Note 2 to entry: In this standard, units of millimetres per minute (mm × min–1) are used. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.214] 3.24
molten drip, noun falling droplet of material that has been softened or liquefied by heat Note 1 to entry: The droplets can be flaming or not flaming. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.232] 3.25
self-extinguish, verb DEPRECATED: self-extinguishing cease combustion without being affected by an external agent [SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.284] 4 Principle A rectangular bar-shaped test specimen is supported horizontally or vertically by one end and the free end is exposed to a specified test flame. The burning behaviour of the horizontally supported bar under specific test conditions is assessed by measuring the linear burning rate. The burning behaviour of the vertically supported bar under specific test conditions is assessed by measuring the afterflame and afterglow times (observing whether the materials self-extinguish), the extent of burning and the dripping of flaming particles. SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
– 12 – 60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 5 Significance of the fire tests 5.1 Vertical and horizontal testing Fire tests made on a material under the conditions specified can be of considerable value when comparing the relative burning behaviour of different materials, controlling manufacturing processes or assessing any change in burning characteristics. The results obtained from these fire test methods are dependent on the shape and orientation of the test specimen, on the environment surrounding the test specimen, and on the conditions of ignition. The significant feature of these fire test methods is the arrangement of the test specimens in either a horizontal or a vertical position. These testing arrangements make it possible to distinguish between different classes of material flammability. NOTE 1 The results obtained by the horizontal burning (HB) and vertical burning (V) methods are not equivalent. NOTE 2 The results obtained by these methods (HB and V) are not equivalent to the 5VA and 5VB burning tests specified in IEC 60695-11-20 [5] because the thermal power of the test flame in this method is 50 W whereas the test flame in IEC 60695-11-20 [5] is 500 W. 5.2 Limitations on the use of test results Results obtained in accordance with this standard shall not be used solely to describe or appraise the fire hazard presented by a particular material under actual fire conditions. Assessment of fire hazard also requires consideration of other such factors as fuel contribution, intensity of burning (rate of heat release), products of combustion and environmental factors, including the nature of the ignition source, the orientation of exposed material and ventilation conditions. 5.3 Physical properties that can affect burning behaviour Burning behaviour, as measured by these test methods, is affected by such factors as density, any anisotropy of the material and the thickness of the test specimen. 5.4 Shrinkage and distortion Certain test specimens may shrink from or be distorted by the applied flame without igniting. In this event, additional test specimens at the same thickness will be required to obtain valid results. If valid results at that thickness cannot be obtained, these materials at that specific tested thickness are not suitable for evaluation by these test methods. NOTE To be able to determine a flammability classification for thin flexible test specimens, and in cases where more than one test specimen shrinks from the applied flame without igniting, ISO 9773 provides a suitable test method. 5.5 Effects of test specimen conditioning The burning behaviour of some plastic materials may change with time. It is accordingly advisable to make tests before and after conditioning using an appropriate procedure. The preferred oven conditioning is 168 h ± 2 h at 70 °C ± 2 °C. However, other conditioning times and temperatures may be used by agreement between the interested parties, and, if used, shall be noted in the test report. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Laboratory fume hood/chamber The laboratory fume hood/chamber shall have an inside volume of at least 0,5 m3. The chamber shall permit observation of tests in progress and shall provide a draught-free environment, whilst allowing normal thermal circulation of air past the test specimen during SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 – 13 – burning. The inside surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark colour. When a light meter, facing towards the rear of the chamber, is positioned in place of the test specimen, the recorded light level shall be less than 20 lx. For safety and convenience, it is desirable that this enclosure (which can be completely closed) is fitted with an extraction device, such as an exhaust fan, to remove products of combustion which may be toxic. The extraction device, if fitted, shall be turned off during the test and turned on immediately after the test to remove the fire effluents. A positive closing damper may be needed. NOTE Placing a mirror in the chamber to provide a rear view of the test specimen has been found to be useful. 6.2 Laboratory burner The laboratory burner shall conform to IEC 60695-11-4. 6.3 Support stand The support stand shall have clamps or the equivalent, adjustable for the positioning of the test specimen (see Figures 1 and 3). 6.4 Timing device The timing device shall have a resolution of 0,5 s or less. NOTE Some laboratories have found it useful to utilize a sound activated timer as a means of counting the flame application time. 6.5 Measuring scale The measuring scale shall be graduated in millimetres. 6.6 Wire gauze The wire gauze shall be 20 mesh (approximately 20 openings per 25 mm), made from steel wire 0,40 mm to 0,45 mm in diameter and cut into approximately 125 mm squares. 6.7 Conditioning chamber The conditioning chamber shall be maintained at 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 % ± 10 %. NOTE Standard atmospheres for the conditioning and testing of plastic materials are described in ISO 291:2008. 6.8 Micrometer The micrometer shall have a resolution of
a) 0,01 mm or less for test specimens with a thickness of 0,25 mm or greater, and
b) 0,001 mm or less for test specimens with a thickness less than 0,250 mm. 6.9 HB support fixture The HB support fixture shall be used for testing specimens that are not self-supporting (see Figure 2). 6.10 Desiccator The desiccator shall contain anhydrous calcium chloride or other drying agent, which can be maintained at 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity not exceeding 20 %. SIST EN 60695-11-10:2014
– 14 – 60695-11-10 © IEC:2013 6.11 Air-circulating oven The air-circulating oven shall provide a conditioning temperature of 70 °C ± 2 °C, unless otherwise stated in the relevant specification, whilst providing not less than five air changes per hour. 6.12 Cotton pads The pads shall be made of absorbent cotton designated “100 % cotton” or “pure cotton”. NOTE This is also referred to as “cotton wool”. 7 Test specimens 7.1 Test specimen preparation
Test specimens shall be fabricated by the appropriate ISO method, e.g. casting and injection moulding in accordance with ISO 294, compression moulding in accordance with ISO 293 or ISO 295, or transfer moulding to the necessary shape.
Where this is not possible, the test specimen shall be produced using the same fabrication process as would be normally used to mould a part of a product; and where this is not possible, specimens are to be cut from a representative sample of the moulded material taken from an end product.
NOTE If it is not possible to prepare test specimens by any of the methods outlined above, alternative fire test methods may be used (such as IEC 60695-11-5). After any cutting operation, care shall be taken to remove all dust and any particles from the surface; cut edges shall be fine sanded to a smooth finish. 7.2 Test specimen dimensions Bar test specimens shall measure 125 mm ± 5 mm long by 13,0 mm ± 0,5 mm wide, and shall be provided in at least the minimum and maximum thickness for which the flame classification is under consideration (see Figure 4). The preferred thickness values include 0,1 mm, 0,2 mm, 0,4 mm, 0,75 mm, 1,5 mm, 3,0 mm, 6,0 mm, and/or 12,0 mm. NOTE 1 The gauges found in Figures 9 and 10 have been found useful for confirming proper specimen dimensions The thickness shall not exceed 13,0 mm. In addition, other thicknesses may be used by agreement between the interested parties and, if so, shall be noted in the test report. Edges shall be smooth, and the radius on the corners shall not exceed 1,3 mm. A minimum of 6 bar test specimens for Method A and 20 test specimens for Method B shall be prepared. Thickness measurements shall be made using the measuring scale at the centre and at both ends of the test specimen using a micrometer. The arithmetic mean of the three measured values is taken as the value of the thickness of the test specimen. For rigid specimens, thickness measurements shall be performed in accordance with ISO 16012 as follows. Using a ratchet micrometer, close the micrometer at such a rate that the change in reading on the scale or digital display can be easily followed. Continue the closing motion until the ratchet clicks three times, the friction thimble slips, or the two contact surfaces can
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