EN 60865-1:2012

Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods

IEC 60865-1:2011 is applicable to the mechanical and thermal effects of short-circuit currents. It contains procedures for the calculation of: the electromagnetic effect on rigid conductors and flexible conductors, the thermal effect on bare conductors. For cables and insulated conductors, reference is made, for example, to IEC 60949 and IEC 60986. For the electromagnetic and thermal effects in d.c. auxiliary installations of power plants and substations reference is made to IEC 61660-2. Only a.c. systems are dealt with in this standard. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1993 and constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are: - The determinations for automatic reclosure together with rigid conductors have been revised. - The influence of mid-span droppers to the span has been included. For vertical cable-connection the displacement and the tensile force onto the lower fixing point may now be calculated. Additional recommendations for foundation loads due to tensile forces have been added. The subclause for determination of the thermal equivalent short-circuits current has been deleted (it is now part of IEC 60909-0). The regulations for thermal effects of electrical equipment have been deleted. The standard has been reorganized and some of the symbols have been changed to follow the conceptual characteristic of international standards.

Kurzschlussströme - Berechnung der Wirkung - Teil 1: Begriffe und Berechnungsverfahren

Courants de court-circuit - Calcul des effets - Partie 1: Définitions et méthodes de calcul

La CEI 60865-1:2011 s'applique aux effets mécaniques et thermiques des courants de court-circuit. Elle contient les modes opératoires de calcul de: l'effet électromagnétique sur les conducteurs rigides et souples; l'effet thermique sur les conducteurs nus. Pour les câbles et les conducteurs isolés, se référer par exemple à la CEI 60949 et à la CEI 60986. Pour les effets électromagnétiques et thermiques dans les installations auxiliaires alimentées en courant continu dans les centrales et les postes, il est fait référence à la CEI 61660-2. Seuls les systèmes alimentés en courant alternatif sont abordés dans la présente norme. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 1993 et constitue une révision technique. Les modifications principales par rapport à l'édition précédente sont les suivantes: - Les déterminations liées à la refermeture automatique ainsi qu'aux conducteurs rigides ont été révisées. - L'influence des billettes de support en milieu de portée sur la portée a été incluse. Pour le raccordement de câbles verticaux, le déplacement et la force de traction sur le point de fixation le plus bas peuvent à présent être calculés. Des recommandations supplémentaires liées aux charges pour les fondations dues aux forces de traction ont été ajoutées. Le paragraphe relatif à la détermination du courant de court-circuit thermique équivalent a été supprimé (il fait à présent partie de la CEI 60909-0). Les régulations concernant les effets thermiques du matériel électrique ont été supprimées. La norme a été restructurée et certains symboles ont été modifiés afin de mieux correspondre aux caractéristiques conceptuelles des normes internationales.

Kratkostični toki - Izračun učinkov - 1. del: Definicije in računski postopki (IEC 60865-1:2011)

Ta del standarda IEC 60865 se uporablja za mehanske in toplotne učinke kratkostičnega toka. Vsebuje postopke za izračun – elektromagnetnega učinka na toge in gibke vodnike, – toplotnega učinka na neizolirane vodnike. V zvezi s kabli in izoliranimi vodniki se standard na primer sklicuje na IEC 60949 in IEC 60986. V zvezi z elektromagnetnimi in termalnimi učinki v pomožnih enosmernih napeljavah elektrarn in transformatorskih postaj se standard sklicuje na IEC 61660-2. V tem standardu so obravnavani samo sistemi z izmenično napetostjo. Upoštevati je treba zlasti naslednje točke: a) Izračun kratkostičnega toka mora temeljiti na standardu IEC 60909. Pri določanju največjega mogočega kratkostičnega toka je mogoče sklicevanje na dodatne informacije iz drugih standardov IEC, npr. na podatke o osnovnem tokokrogu izračuna ali podatke o napravah za omejevanje toka, če se s tem zmanjša mehanska obremenitev. b) Trajanje kratkega stika, ki se uporablja v tem standardu, je odvisno od koncepta zaščite in ga je treba v tem smislu tudi obravnavati. c) Ti standardizirani postopki so prilagojeni praktičnim zahtevam in vsebujejo manjše poenostavitve. Uporabijo se lahko preskusne ali podrobnejše metode izračuna ali oboje. d) V točki 5 tega standarda je za razporeditve s togimi vodniki izračunana le obremenitev zaradi kratkostičnega toka. Poleg tega lahko obstajajo tudi druge obremenitve, ki jih na primer povzroča lastna teža, veter, led, sile zaradi delovanja ali potresi. Kombinacija teh obremenitev z obremenitvijo kratkega stika mora biti del dogovora in/ali mora biti navedena v standardih, npr. predpisih za postavitev. Natezne sile v razporeditvah z gibkimi vodniki vključujejo učinke lastne teže. Zgornje navedbe se uporabljajo za kombinacijo drugih obremenitev. e) Izračunane obremenitve so obtežbe, pri čemer jih je treba uporabljati kot izjemne obremenitve brez kakršnega koli dodatnega delnega varnostnega faktorja v skladu s pravili za inštalacije, na primer iz standarda IEC 61936-1.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Mar-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 27-Nov-2014
• ICS: 17.220.01 - Electricity. Magnetism. General aspects
• ICS: 29.240.20 - Power transmission and distribution lines
• Technical Committee: CLC/SR 73 - Short-circuit currents
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 73 - IEC_TC_73
• Parallel Committee: IEC/TC 73 - IEC_TC_73
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 23-Mar-2012
• Completion Date: 23-Mar-2012
• Ref Project: SIST EN 60865-1:2012 - Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods

Relations

• Replaces: EN 60865-1:1993 - Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods
• Effective Date: 29-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60865-1:1998
.UDWNRVWLþQLWRNL,]UDþXQXþLQNRYGHO'HILQLFLMHLQUDþXQVNLSRVWRSNL,(&

Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods
Kurzschlussströme - Berechnung der Wirkung - Teil 1: Begriffe und
Berechnungsverfahren
Courants de court-circuit - Calcul des effets - Partie 1: Définitions et méthodes de calcul
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60865-1:2012
ICS:
17.220.01 Elektrika. Magnetizem. Electricity. Magnetism.
Splošni vidiki General aspects
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60865-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.220.01; 29.240.20 Supersedes EN 60865-1:1993

English version
Short-circuit currents -
Calculation of effects -
Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods
(IEC 60865-1:2011)
Courants de court-circuit -  Kurzschlussströme -
Calcul des effets - Berechnung der Wirkung -
Partie 1: Définitions et méthodes de calcul Teil 1: Begriffe und Berechnungsverfahren
(CEI 60865-1:2011) (IEC 60865-1:2011)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-11-28. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60865-1:2012 E
Foreword
The text of document 73/152/CDV, future edition 3 of IEC 60865-1, prepared by IEC/TC 73 "Short-circuit
currents" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2012-09-23
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2014-11-28
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60865-1:1993.
— The determinations for automatic reclosure together with rigid conductors have been revised.
— The influence of mid-span droppers to the span has been included.
— For vertical cable-connection the displacement and the tensile force onto the lower fixing point may
now be calculated.
— Additional recommendations for foundation loads due to tensile forces have been added.
— The subclause for determination of the thermal equivalent short-circuits current has been deleted (it
is now part of EN 60909-0).
— The regulations for thermal effects of electrical equipment have been deleted.
— The standard has been reorganized and some of the symbols have been changed to follow the
conceptual characteristic of international standards.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60865-1:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 61936-1 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61936-1.

- 3 - EN 60865-1:2012
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60909 Series Short-circuit currents calculation in three- EN 60909 Series
phase a.c. systems
IEC 60909-0 - Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. EN 60909-0 -
systems -
Part 0: Calculation of currents

IEC 60949 - Calculation of thermally permissible - -
short-circuit currents, taking into account
non-adiabatic heating effects
IEC 60986 - Short-circuit temperature limits of electric - -
cables with rated voltages from 6 kV (U =
m
7,2 kV) up to 30 kV (U = 36 kV)
m
IEC 61660-2 - Short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary EN 61660-2 -
installations in power plants and substations -
Part 2: Calculation of effects

IEC 60865-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2011-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Short-circuit currents – Calculation of effects –
Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods

Courants de court-circuit – Calcul des effects –
Partie 1: Définitions et méthodes de calcul

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XA
ISBN 978-2-88912-771-9
ICS 17.220.01; 29.240.20
– 2 – 60865-1  IEC:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols and units . 9
4 General . 12
5 Rigid conductor arrangements . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Calculation of electromagnetic forces . 13
5.2.1 Calculation of peak force between the main conductors during a
three-phase short-circuit . 13
5.2.2 Calculation of peak force between the main conductors during a line-
to-line short-circuit . 13
5.2.3 Calculation of peak value of force between coplanar sub-conductors . 14
5.3 Effective distance between main conductors and between sub-conductors . 14
5.4 Calculation of stresses in rigid conductors . 16
5.4.1 Calculation of stresses . 16
5.4.2 Section modulus and factor q of main conductor composed of sub-
conductors . 17
5.4.3 Permitted conductor stress . 20
5.5 Structure loads due to rigid conductors . 21
5.6 Consideration of automatic reclosing . 21
5.7 Calculation with special regard to conductor oscillation . 22
5.7.1 General . 22
5.7.2 Determination of relevant natural frequency . 23
5.7.3 The factors V , V , V , V and V . 23
F σm σs rm rs
6 Flexible conductor arrangements . 26
6.1 General . 26
6.2 Effects on horizontal main conductors . 27
6.2.1 General . 27
6.2.2 Characteristic dimensions and parameter . 27
6.2.3 Tensile force F during short-circuit caused by swing out (short-
t,d
circuit tensile force) without dropper in midspan . 30
6.2.4 Dynamic change of sag due to elongation of conductor and change of
shape of the conductor curve . 31
6.2.5 Tensile force F during short-circuit caused by swing out (short-
t,d
circuit tensile force) with dropper in the middle of the span . 32
6.2.6 Tensile force F after short-circuit caused by drop (drop force) . 33
f,d
6.2.7 Horizontal span displacement b and minimum air clearance a . 33
h min
6.3 Effects on vertical main conductors (droppers) . 34
6.4 Effects on bundled conductors . 35
6.4.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameter . 35
6.4.2 Tensile force F in the case of clashing sub-conductors . 38
pi,d
6.4.3 Tensile force F in the case of non-clashing sub-conductors . 38
pi,d
6.5 Structure loads due to flexible conductors . 41
6.5.1 Design load for post insulators, their supports and connectors . 41

60865-1  IEC:2011 – 3 –
6.5.2 Design load for structures, insulators and connectors with tensile
forces transmitted by insulator chains . 41
6.5.3 Design load for foundations . 42
7 The thermal effect on bare conductors . 42
7.1 General . 42
7.2 Calculation of thermal equivalent short-circuit current . 42
7.3 Calculation of temperature rise and rated short-time withstand current
density for conductors . 43
7.4 Calculation of thermal short-time strength for different durations of the short-
circuit . 44
Annex A (normative) Equations for calculation of diagrams . 46
Bibliography . 51

Figure 1 – Factor k for calculating the effective conductor distance . 15
1s
Figure 2 – Loading direction and bending axis for multiple conductor arrangements . 18
Figure 3 – Factor e for the influence of connecting pieces in Equation (17) . 24
Figure 4 – Factors V , V and V to be used with the three-phase and line-to-line
F σm σs
short-circuits . 25
Figure 5 – Factors V and V to be used with three-phase automatic reclosing . 26
rm rs
Figure 6 – Maximum swing out angle δ for a given maximum short-circuit duration T . 30
max k1
Figure 7 – Factor ψ for tensile force in flexible conductors . 31
Figure 8 – Geometry of a dropper . 33
Figure 9 – ν as a function of ν . 37
2 1
180°
Figure 10 – ν ·sin as a function of a /d . 37
3 s
n
Figure 11 – ξ as a function of j and ε .
...