EN 61146-1:1996
(Main)Video cameras (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) - Methods of measurement - Part 1: Non-broadcast single-sensor cameras
Video cameras (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) - Methods of measurement - Part 1: Non-broadcast single-sensor cameras
Applicable to the assessment of performance of non-broadcast colour video cameras equipped with a single-tube or solid-state imager.
Meßverfahren für Videokameras (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) - Teil 1: Kameras mit einem Aufnahmesensor für den Gebrauch außerhalb des Rundfunks
Caméras vidéo (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) - Méthodes de mesure - Partie 1: Caméras monocapteurs hors de la radiodiffusion
Concerne l'évaluation des performances des caméras couleur vidéo hors de la radiodiffusion, ce type de caméra étant équipé d'un seul tube analyseur ou d'un capteur solide.
Video cameras (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) - Methods of measurement -- Part 1: Non-broadcast single-sensor cameras (IEC 61146-1:1994)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-1999
Video cameras (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) - Methods of measurement -- Part 1: Non-
broadcast single-sensor cameras (IEC 61146-1:1994)
Video cameras (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) - Methods of measurement -- Part 1: Non-
broadcast single-sensor cameras
Meßverfahren für Videokameras (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) -- Teil 1: Kameras mit einem
Aufnahmesensor für den Gebrauch außerhalb des Rundfunks
Caméras vidéo (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) - Méthodes de mesure -- Partie 1: Caméras
monocapteurs hors de la radiodiffusion
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61146-1:1996
ICS:
33.160.40 Video sistemi Video systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
61146-1
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
1994-05
Caméras vidéo (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) –
Méthodes de mesure –
Partie 1:
Caméras monocapteurs hors de la radiodiffusion
Video cameras (PAL
/SECAM/NTSC) –
Methods of measurement –
Part 1:
Non-broadcast single-sensor cameras
© IEC 1994
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1146-1 ©IEC:1994 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 5
SECTION 1: GENERAL
Clause
1 Scope 7
2 Normative references 7
3 Conditions 9
SECTION 2: LUMINANCE VIDEO CHARACTERISTICS
4 Luminance sensitivity 11
5 Luminance resolution 17
6 Luminance signal-to-noise ratio 21
7 Luminance amplitude/frequency response 27
8 Luminance waveform distortion and pulse response 31
9 Luminance gamma characteristics 39
10 Luminance white clipping and compression rate 47
11 Luminance dynamic range and contrast range 51
12 Luminance white non-uniformity 51
CHROMINANCE
SECTION 3: VIDEO CHARACTERISTICS
13 Chrominance signal-to-noise ratio 59
14 Chrominance amplitude/frequency response 67
15 White and black balance 71
16 Colour and white reproduction non-uniformity 83
17 Grey-scale non-purity (white tracking error) 87
18 Colour reproduction 95
SECTION 4: OTHER CHARACTERISTICS
19 Luminance and chrominance moirés 109
20 Lag 121
21 Sticking (image retention) 131
22 Blooming 135
23 Smearing 139
24 Geometric distortions 147
Annexes
A Reference list of test charts 153
B
Arrangement of the CIE colour chips of the colour reproduction test chart 173
C Trap filter characteristics for PAL, NTSC, and SECAM systems 177
D
Letter symbols 183
E
Bibliography 187
1146-1 ©IEC:1994 — 5 —
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
VIDEO CAMERAS (PAL/SECAM/NTSC) —
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT —
Part 1: Non-broadcast single-sensor cameras
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization
comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to
promote international cooperation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and
electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards.
Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in
the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and
non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC
collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with
conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees on
which all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as
possible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
3) They have the form of recommendations for international use published in the form of standards, technical
reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
International Standard IEC 1146-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 84:
Equipment and systems in the field of audio, video, and audiovisual engineering.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
DIS Report on voting AMDIS Report on voting
84/60B(CO)146 84/60B(CO)156
84(CO)103 84/60B(CO)135/138
Full information on the voting for the approval of this part of the standard can be found in
the reports on voting indicated in the above table.
IEC 1146-1 forms part 1 of a series of publications under the general title: Video cameras
(PAL/SECAM/NTSC) — Methods of measurement.
Annexes A, B, C and D form an integral part of this standard.
Annex E is for information only.
1146-1 © I EC:1994 — 7 —
VIDEO CAMERAS (PAL /SECAM/NTSC) –
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: Non-broadcast single-sensor cameras
Section 1: General
1 Scope
This part of IEC 1146 is applicable to the assessment of performance of non-broadcast
colour video cameras equipped with a single-tube or solid-state imager.
This part of IEC 1146 defines test patterns and measurement conditions, so as to make
possible the comparison of the results of measurements. The methods of measurement
are designed to make possible the assessment of the performance of the camera by using
the lens input and any electrical output terminals of the device (e.g. Y/C and composite).
This part of IEC 1146 does not specify limiting values for various characteristics.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this
text, constitute provisions of this part of IEC 1146. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this part of IEC 1146 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the normative documents listed below. Members of
IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
chrominance signal-to-random noise ratio for video
IEC 883: 1987, Measuring method for
tape recorders
Transmission performance of television circuits designed
CCIR Recommendation 567-3:
for use in international connections (1978-1982-1986-1990)
Characteristics of television systems
CCIR Report 624-4: 1974-1978-1982-1986-1990,
CIE 15: 1971, Colorimetry: Official Recommendation of the International Commission on
Illuminants
Supplement 2: 1987, Recommendation on uniform colour space. Colour difference
equation — psychometric colour terms
CIE 13-2: 1988, Method of measuring and specifying colour rendering of light sources
CIE 01: 1986, Colorimetric illuminants
1146-1 ©IEC:1994 — 9 —
CIE 02: 1986,
Colorimetric observers
IEC 27:
Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 50(845): 1987, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (1EV) — Chapter 845:
Lighting
3 Conditions
3.1 Environmental conditions
All measurements shall be carried out within the environmental conditions as specified by
the manufacturer.
The environmental conditions during measurement, at least the temperature and the
relative humidity, shall be reported together with the presentation of the results of
measurements.
An adequate warm-up time shall be allowed.
3.2 Conditions of measurements
Except when otherwise indicated, the measurements shall be carried out by measuring the
output signal of the camera when it is shooting different test charts, depending on the
characteristic to be measured.
Each test pattern shall be specified, together with the lighting conditions (illumination
intensity, correlated colour temperature of the light source, etc.).
The use of transparent test charts instead of the reflection types may be allowed;
however, the reflection types should be used in questionable cases.
Unless otherwise stated, all measurements shall be made in automatic mode.
3.3 Conditions of shooting
Unless otherwise stated, the conditions of shooting shall be as follows.
—
The subject illumination of a reflective test chart shall be 2 000 lx ± 5 % (see note).
— ±
The luminance of a transparent test chart, at peak white, shall be 636 cd/m 2 5 %.
— The non-uniformity of the subject illumination shall be less than 5 %.
— The correlated colour temperature of the light source shall be 3 100 K ± 100 K.
—
The white balance shall be set manually or automatically to 3 100 K ± 100 K.
Oo
1146-1
IEC:1994 — 11 —
— The test chart shall be shot by the camera so that the frame limited by the arrows
coincides exactly with the edges of the picture displayed on the video monitor in
underscan mode.
— The focus control shall be in auto or manual mode, and shall be in optimum focus.
— The iris control shall be in auto or manual mode.
— In order to obtain the desired exposure level, it may be advantageous to add an
illuminated white card or a black area, and also to adjust the lens zoom so that the
measurement does not depend on exactly filling the screen to the arrows of the test
chart.
— The gain control, if any, shall be set to "0 dB" gain.
— The optical filter, if any, shall be set to "open position".
NOTE – Measured by a luxmeter at the centre of the test chart, the receptor pointing in the direction of
the camera.
3.4 Reference conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the reference luminance output signal level is assumed to
be 700 mV peak-to-peak (p.-p.) for PAL and SECAM systems and 714 mV peak-to-peak
for NTSC systems (from the blanking level to the peak white level).
NOTE – In the following clauses, it is also assumed, for the purpose of giving examples of output voltage
obtained under certain conditions, that the rated output voltage is also 700 mV p.-p. or 714 mV p.-p.
Section 2: Luminance video characteristics
4 Luminance sensitivity
4.1 Characteristic to be specified
The minimum subject illumination for which the video camera produces a luminance output
level of one-half the rated level.
4.2 Method of measurement
The equipment arrangement and the grey-scale test chart shall be as shown in
a)
figure 1.
b) The conditions of shooting shall be those mentioned in 3.3.
c) Either the screen size or the zoom condition may be changed, or a black or white
subject may be added, to give the rated output level, if this level is not obtained due to
the automatic light control.
d) In order to simulate a decrease of the subject illumination without changing the
correlated colour temperature of the observed light, a neutral density filter such as the
1146-1 ©IEC:1994 — 13 —
Kodak Wratten* density filter No. 96 or equivalent shall be placed in front of the camera
lens.
The density of the filter shall be increased until the video output level E decreases to
half the rated output level corresponding to the level of the white area i n
the centre of
the grey scale test pattern (see figure 1).
The density (D) of the filter is read, and the sensitivity is then calculated by means of
the following formula:
illumination 2 000
Sensitivity =
attenuation of filter
4.3 Presentation of results
The value of the sensitivity shall be reported in lux.
* The Kodak Wratten density filter is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an
endorsement by the IEC of this product.
1146-1 ©IEC:1994
— 15 —
Test chart No. 1
Underscan
colour TV monitor
OM
M
Grey-scale pattern (reflective type)
Gamma: 2,2
iiiiiiuiii9J —
—Reflectance (white area) : 89,9 %
in
Figure 1 — Luminance sensitivity
1146-1 © I EC:1994 - 17 -
5 Luminance resolution
5.1 Characteristic to be specified
The resolution power of the luminance channel is:
- for the horizontal resolution, the number of vertical black and white bars within a
horizontal dimension equal to the picture height (TV lines);
- for the vertical resolution, the number of horizontal black and white bars within the
picture height.
5.2 Method of measurement
a) The equipment arrangement and the test chart shall be as shown in figure 2.
The test chart is either a radial resolution chart with circles corresponding to the num-
ber of TV lines or the conventional EIAJ-A chart or equivalent. This allows the measure-
ment of both the horizontal and the vertical resolution.
b) The conditions of shooting shall be those mentioned in 3.3.
c)
The resolution shall be evaluated on a monochrome TV monitor whose frequency
response shall exceed the bandwidth of the camera under test.
d)
The horizontal resolution is defined by the number of TV lines corresponding to the
limit of visibility of the vertical bars. The number of vertical bars may be measured as
the depth of modulation measured by an oscilloscope. It is estimated that a depth of
modulation of 5 % corresponds to the limit of visibility of the human eye (note).
e)
The vertical resolution is defined by the number of TV lines corresponding to the
limit of visibility of the horizontal bars.
NOTE — In case it is difficult to read the depth of modulation of 5 % on an oscilloscope, the number of
black and white lines at a modulation depth of 10 % may be reported, together with the value of the
modulation depth.
5.3
Presentation of results
The results shall be reported as follows:
-
horizontal resolution: TV lines;
- vertical resolution: TV lines.
Horizontal resolution in lines per picture
...
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