EN 60076-1:1997
(Main)Power transformers - Part 1: General
Power transformers - Part 1: General
Applies to three-phase and single-phase transformers including autotransformers. Defines the rating and connection symbols. Gives certain specifications for transformers having a tapped winding. Defines information which shall be marked on the rating plate and the tests to be conducted.
Leistungstransformatoren - Teil 1: Allgemeines
Transformateurs de puissance - Partie 1: Généralités
S'applique aux transformateurs triphasés et monophasés y compris aux autotransformateurs. Définit le régime assigné et les symboles de couplage. Donne certaines prescriptions pour les transformateurs avec enroulement à prise. Définit les informations qui doivent figurer sur la plaque signalétique et les essais à effectuer.
Power transformers - Part 1: General (IEC 76-1:1993 modified)
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Power transformers - Part 1: General (IEC 76-1:1993 modified)Leistungstransformatoren -- Teil 1: AllgemeinesTransformateurs de puissance -- Partie 1: GénéralitésPower transformers -- Part 1: General29.180Transformatorji. DušilkeTransformers. ReactorsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 60076-1:1997SIST EN 60076-1:1997en01-oktober-1997SIST EN 60076-1:1997SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
NORMEINTERNATIONALEINTERNATIONALSTANDARDCEIIEC76-1Deuxième éditionSecond edition1993-03Transformateurs de puissancePartie 1:GénéralitésPower transformersPart 1:General© CEI 1993 Droits de reproduction réservés — Copyright — all rights reservedAucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite niutilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro-cédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie etles microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized inany form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying and microfilm, without permissionin writing from the publisher.Bureau Central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varembé Genève, SuisseIEC•Commission Electrotechnique Internationale CODE PRIX^/International Electrotechnical Commission PRICE CODE/^Mew,ayHapoaHan 3nettrpoTexmoiecttan HOMHCCHA• Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueurFor price, see current catalogueSIST EN 60076-1:1997
Publication 60076-1 de la CEIIEC Publication 60076-1(Deuxième édition - 1993)(Second edition - 1993)Transformateurs de puissance —Power transformers —Partie 1: GénéralitésPart 1: GeneralCORRIGENDUM 1Page 76Page 77Article A.1.2:Clause A.1.2:Au point h), dans la première ligne, au lieu deItem h), in the first line, instead of.(voir 2.1 b)).(see 2.1 b)).lireread.(voir 1.2.1 b)).(see 1.2.1 b)).Juin 1997June 1997SIST EN 60076-1:1997
76-1 ©IEC: 1993- 3 -CONTENTSPageFOREWORD 7Clause1Scope and service conditions
111.1Scope
111.2Service conditions 112Normative references 153Definitions 173.1General 173.2 Terminals and neutral point 173.3 Windings
193.4Rating
213.5 Tappings
233.6 Losses and no-load current 273.7 Short-circuit impedance and voltage drop 273.8 Temperature rise 313.9Insulation 313.10 Connections 313.11 Kinds of tests 333.12 Meteorological data with respect to cooling
334 Rating 334.1Rated power 334.2 Loading cycle 354.3 Preferred values of rated power 354.4 Operation at higher than rated voltage and/or at disturbed frequency 355Requirements for transformers having a tapped winding 375.1General - Notation of tapping range 375.2 Tapping voltage - tapping current. Standard categories of tapping voltagevariation. Maximum voltage tapping 375.3 Tapping power. Full-power tappings - reduced-power tappings 435.4Specification of tappings in enquiry and order 455.5Specification of short-circuit impedance 455.6 Load loss and temperature rise
476 Connection and phase displacement symbols for three-phase transformers 49SIST EN 60076-1:1997
76-1 ©IEC: 1993– 5 –7Rating plates 537.1Information to be given in all cases 537.2Additional information to be given when applicable
558Miscellaneous requirements
578.1Dimensioning of neutral connection
578.2 Oil preservation system
578.3 Load rejection on generator transformers
579 Tolerances 5710 Tests 6310.1 General requirements for routine, type and special tests 6310.2 Measurement of winding resistance
6510.3 Measurement of voltage ratio and check of phase displacement 6710.4 Measurement of short-circuit impedance and load loss 6710.5 Measurement of no-load loss and current
6910.6 Measurement of the harmonics of the no-load current
6910.7 Measurement of zero-sequence impedance(s) onthree-phase transformers 7110.8 Tests on on-load tap-changers
71AnnexesAInformation required with enquiry and order 75BExamples of specifications for transformers with tappings
81CSpecification of short-circuit impedance by boundaries
85DThree-phase transformer connections
87ETemperature correction of load loss
93FBibliography 95SIST EN 60076-1:1997
Six Month's RuleReport on Voting14(CO)7514(CO)7776-1 © IEC: 1993- 7 -INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSIONPOWER TRANSFORMERSPart 1: GeneralFOREWORD1)The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardizationcomprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is topromote international cooperation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical andelectronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards.Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested inthe subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental andnon-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IECcollaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance withconditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.2)The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees onwhich all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly aspossible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.3)They have the form of recommendations for international use published in the form of standards, technicalreports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.4)In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC InternationalStandards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Anydivergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearlyindicated in the latter.5)The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for anyequipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.This International Standard has been, prepared by IEC by technical committee 14: Powertransformers.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1976 as well as thefirst edition of IEC 76-4 published in 1976.The text of this standard is based on the following documents:Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the reporton voting indicated in the above table.IEC 76 consists of the following parts, under the general title: Power transformers.SIST EN 60076-1:1997
76-1 ©IEC: 1993– 9 –Part 1: 1993, General.Part 2: 1993, Temperature rise.Part 3: 1980, Insulation levels and dielectric tests.Part 5: 1976, Ability to withstand short circuit.Annexes A and E form an integral part of this standard.Annexes B, C and D are for information only.SIST EN 60076-1:1997
76-1 © IEC: 1993-11 -POWER TRANSFORMERSPart 1: General1 Scope and service conditions1.1 ScopeThis part of International Standard IEC 76 applies to three-phase and single-phase powertransformers (including auto-transformers) with the exception of certain categories of smalland special transformers such as:-single-phase transformers with rated power less than 1 kVA and three-phasetransformers less than 5 kVA;-instrument transformers;-transformers for static convertors;-traction transformers mounted on rolling stock;-starting transformers;- testing transformers;-welding transformers.When IEC standards do not exist for such categories of transformers, this part of IEC 76may still be applicable either as a whole or in part.For those categories of power transformers and reactors which have their own IECstandards, this part is applicable only to the extent in which it is specifically called up bycross-reference in the other standard.*At several places in this part it is specified or recommended that an `agreement' shall bereached concerning alternative or additional technical solutions or procedures. Suchagreement is to be made between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The mattersshould preferably be raised at an early stage and the agreements included in the contractspecification.1.2 Service conditions1.2.1 Normal service conditionsThis part of IEC 76 gives detailed requirements for transformers for use under thefollowing conditions:a) AltitudeA height above sea-level not exceeding 1 000 m (3 300 ft).Such standards exist for dry-type transformers (IEC 726), for reactors in general (IEC 289), for tractiontransformers and reactors (IEC 310), and are under preparation for static convertor transformers.SIST EN 60076-1:1997
76-1 © IEC: 1993- 13 -b) Temperature of ambient air and cooling mediumA temperature of ambient air not below -25 °C and not above +40 °C. For water-cooledtransformers, a temperature of cooling water at the inlet not exceeding +25 °C.Further limitations, with regard to cooling are given for:-oil-immersed transformers in IEC 76-2;-dry-type transformers in IEC 726.c)Wave shape of supply voltageA supply voltage of which the wave shape is approximately sinusoidal.NOTE - This requirement is normally not critical in public supply systems but may have to be consideredin installations with considerable convertor loading. In such cases there is a conventional rule that thedeformation shall neither exceed 5 % total harmonic content nor 1 % even harmonic content. Also note theimportance of current harmonics for load loss and temperature rise.d)Symmetry of three-phase supply voltageFor three-phase transformers, a set of three-phase supply voltages which areapproximately symmetrical.e)Installation environmentAn environment with a pollution rate (see IEC 137 and IEC 815) that does not requirespecial consideration regarding the external insulation of transformer bushings or of thetransformer itself.An environment not exposed to seismic disturbance which would otherwise requirespecial consideration in the design. (This is assumed to be the case when the groundacceleration level ag is below 2 m/s2.)*1.2.2 Provision for unusual service conditionsAny unusual service conditions which may lead to special consideration in the design of atransformer shall be stated in the enquiry and the order. These may be factors such ashigh altitude, extreme high or low temperature, tropical humidity, seismic activity, severecontamination, unusual voltage or load current wave shapes and intermittent loading. Theymay also concern conditions for shipment, storage and installation, such as weight orspace limitations (see annex A).Supplementary rules for rating and testing are given in other publications for:-Temperature rise and cooling in high ambient temperature or at high altitude:IEC 76-2 for oil-immersed transformers, and IEC 726 for dry-type transformers.-External insulation at high altitude: IEC 76-3 and IEC 76-3-1 for oil-immersedtransformers, and IEC 726 for dry-type transformers.See IEC 68-3-3.SIST EN 60076-1:1997
76-1 © I EC: 1993- 15 -2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in thistext, constitute provisions of this part of IEC 76. At the time of publication, the editionsindicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this part of IEC 76 are encouraged to investigate the possibility ofapplying the most recent edition of the normative documents indicated below. Members ofIEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.IEC 50(421): 1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 421: Powertransformers and reactorsIEC 68-3-3: 1991, Environmental testing - Part 3: Guidance. Seismic test methods forequipmentsIEC 76-2: 1993, Power transformers - Part 2: Temperature riseIEC 76-3: 1980, Power transformers - Part 3: Insulation levels and dielectric tests!EC 76-3-1: 1987, Power transformers - Part 3: Insulation levels and dielectric tests.External clearances in airIEC 76-5: 1976, Power transformers - Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuitIEC 137: 1984, Bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 VIEC 354: 1991, Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformersIEC 529: 1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)IEC 551: 1987, Determination of transformer and reactor sound levelsIEC 606: 1978, Application guide for power transformersIEC 726: 1982, Dry-type power transformersIEC 815: 1986, Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditionsIEC 905: 1987, Loading guide for dry-type power transformersISO 3: 1973, Preferred numbers - Series of preferred numbersISO 9001: 1987, Quality systems - Model for quality assurance in design/development,production, installation and servicingSIST EN 60076-1:1997
76-1 © IEC: 1993- 17 -3 DefinitionsFor the purpose of this part of IEC 76, the following definitions shall apply. Other termsuse the meanings ascribed to them in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).3.1 General3.1.1 power transformer: A static piece of apparatus with two or more windings which,by electromagnetic induction, transforms a system of alternating voltage and current intoanother system of voltage and current usually of different values and at the samefrequency for the purpose of transmitting electrical power. [IEV 421-01-01, modified]3.1.2 auto-transformer*: A transformer in which at least two windings have a commonpart. [IEV 421-01-11]3.1.3 booster transformer: A transformer of which one winding is intended to beconnected in series with a circuit in order to alter its voltage and/or shift its phase. Theother winding is an energizing winding. [IEV 42-01-12, modified]3.1.4 oil-immersed type transformer: A transformer of which the magnetic circuit andwindings are immersed in oil. [IEV 421-01-14]NOTE - For the purpose of this part any insulating liquid, mineral oil or other product, is regarded as oil.3.1.5 dry-type transformer: A transformer of which the magnetic circuit and windingsare not immersed in an insulating liquid. [IEV 421-01-16]3.1.6 oil preservation system: The system in an oil-immersed transformer by which thethermal expansion of the oil is accommodated. Contact between the oil and external airmay sometimes be diminished or prevented.3.2 Terminals and neutral point3.2.1 terminal: A conducting element intended for connecting a winding to externalconductors.3.2.2 line terminal: A terminal intended for connection to a line conductor of a network.[IEV 421-02-01]3.2.3 neutral terminal:a)For three-phase transformers and three-phase banks of single-phase transformers:The terminal or terminals connected to the common point (the neutral point) of astar-connected or zigzag connected winding.b)For single-phase transformer
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