IEC TR 62836:2013
(Main)Measurement of internal electric field in insulating materials - Pressure wave propagation method
Measurement of internal electric field in insulating materials - Pressure wave propagation method
IEC/TR 62836:2013(E), which is a technical report, contains an efficient and reliable procedure to test the internal electric field in the insulating materials used for high-voltage applications using the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method. It is suitable for a sample with homogeneous insulating materials and an electric field higher than 1 kV/mm, but it is also depended on the thickness of sample and the pressure wave generator.
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IEC/TR 62836 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-09
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Measurement of internal electric field in insulating materials – Pressure wave
propagation method
IEC/TR 62836:2013(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.
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Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch.
IEC/TR 62836 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-09
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Measurement of internal electric field in insulating materials – Pressure wave
propagation method
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
M
ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1102-1
– 2 – TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6
2.1 Terms and definitions . 6
2.2 Abbreviations . 6
3 Principle of the method . 6
4 Sample conditions . 8
5 Electrode materials . 8
6 Pressure pulse wave generation . 8
7 Set-up of the measurement. 8
8 Calibrating the electric field . 9
9 Measurement procedure . 9
10 Data processing for the experimental measurement . 9
11 Measurement examples . 10
11.1 Samples . 10
11.2 Pressure pulse generation . 10
11.3 Calibrating of sample and signal . 10
11.4 Testing sample and experimental results . 11
11.5 The internal electric field distribution . 12
Figure 1 – Principle of the PWP method . 7
Figure 2 – Set-up of measurement of the PWP method . 8
Figure 3 – Sample of protecting circuit . 9
Figure 4 – Current signal under –5,8 kV . 11
Figure 5 – First measured current signal (<1 min) . 11
Figure 6 – Signal under –46,4 kV, 1,5 h . 11
Figure 7 – Measured signal without applied voltage, after 1,5 h under high voltage . 12
Figure 8 – Internal electric field distribution under –5,8 kV . 12
Figure 9 – Internal electric field distribution under –46,4 kV, at the initial state . 12
Figure 10 – Internal electric field distribution under –46,4 kV, after 1,5 h under high
voltage . 12
Figure 11 – Internal electric field distribution without applied voltage after 1,5 h under
high voltage . 12
TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD IN INSULATING
MATERIALS – PRESSURE WAVE PROPAGATION METHOD
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC/TR 63836, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 112:
Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
112/258/DTR 112/263/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
– 4 – TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E)
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E) – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
High-voltage insulating cables, especially high-voltage d.c. cables, are subject to charge
accumulation and thus to electrical breakdown if the electric field produced by the charges
exceeds the electrical breakdown threshold. With the trend to multiply power plants,
especially green power plants such as wind or solar generators, more cables will be used for
connecting these power plants to the grid and share the electric energy between countries.
Therefore the materials for the cables, and even the structure of these cables when
considering electrodes or the junction between cables, need a standardized procedure for
testing how the internal electric field can be characterized. The measurement of the internal
electric field would give a tool for comparing materials and help to establish thresholds on the
internal electric field for high voltage applications in order to limit as much as possible
breakdown risks. The pressure wave propagation (PWP) method has been used by several
researchers to measure the space charge distribution and the internal electric field distribution
in insulators. However, since experimental equipment, with slight differences, is developed
independently by researchers over the world, it is difficult to compare the measuring results
between the different researchers.
The procedure outlined in this technical report would give a reliable point of comparison
between different test results carried out by different laboratories and avoid interpretation
errors. The IEC has established a project team to develop a procedure to evaluate PWP
measurement. The method will be verified in a Round Robin test. Once, having received
reliable experience, this report is intended later to be upgraded to a technical specification in
order to establish a specified way to estimate fairly the performance of a PWP measurement.
– 6 – TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E)
MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD IN INSULATING
MATERIALS – PRESSURE WAVE PROPAGATION METHOD
1 Scope
IEC/TR 62836, which is a technical report, contains an efficient and reliable procedure to test
the internal electric field in the insulating materials used for high-voltage applications using
the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method. It is suitable for a sample with homogeneous
insulating materials and an electric field higher than 1 kV/mm, but it is also depended on the
thickness of sample and the pressure wave generator.
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.
2.1 Terms and definitions
2.1.1
pressure wave propagation
PWP
propagation of wave generated by the action of a pressure pulse
2.2 Abbreviations
LIPP laser induced pressure pulse
PIPP piezoelectric induced pressure pulse
3 Princip
...
IEC/TR 62836 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-09
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Measurement of internal electric field in insulating materials – Pressure wave
propagation method
IEC/TR 62836:2013(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch.
IEC/TR 62836 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-09
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Measurement of internal electric field in insulating materials – Pressure wave
propagation method
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
M
ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1102-1
– 2 – TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6
2.1 Terms and definitions . 6
2.2 Abbreviations . 6
3 Principle of the method . 6
4 Sample conditions . 8
5 Electrode materials . 8
6 Pressure pulse wave generation . 8
7 Set-up of the measurement. 8
8 Calibrating the electric field . 9
9 Measurement procedure . 9
10 Data processing for the experimental measurement . 9
11 Measurement examples . 10
11.1 Samples . 10
11.2 Pressure pulse generation . 10
11.3 Calibrating of sample and signal . 10
11.4 Testing sample and experimental results . 11
11.5 The internal electric field distribution . 12
Figure 1 – Principle of the PWP method . 7
Figure 2 – Set-up of measurement of the PWP method . 8
Figure 3 – Sample of protecting circuit . 9
Figure 4 – Current signal under –5,8 kV . 11
Figure 5 – First measured current signal (<1 min) . 11
Figure 6 – Signal under –46,4 kV, 1,5 h . 11
Figure 7 – Measured signal without applied voltage, after 1,5 h under high voltage . 12
Figure 8 – Internal electric field distribution under –5,8 kV . 12
Figure 9 – Internal electric field distribution under –46,4 kV, at the initial state . 12
Figure 10 – Internal electric field distribution under –46,4 kV, after 1,5 h under high
voltage . 12
Figure 11 – Internal electric field distribution without applied voltage after 1,5 h under
high voltage . 12
TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD IN INSULATING
MATERIALS – PRESSURE WAVE PROPAGATION METHOD
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC/TR 63836, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 112:
Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
112/258/DTR 112/263/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
– 4 – TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E)
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E) – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
High-voltage insulating cables, especially high-voltage d.c. cables, are subject to charge
accumulation and thus to electrical breakdown if the electric field produced by the charges
exceeds the electrical breakdown threshold. With the trend to multiply power plants,
especially green power plants such as wind or solar generators, more cables will be used for
connecting these power plants to the grid and share the electric energy between countries.
Therefore the materials for the cables, and even the structure of these cables when
considering electrodes or the junction between cables, need a standardized procedure for
testing how the internal electric field can be characterized. The measurement of the internal
electric field would give a tool for comparing materials and help to establish thresholds on the
internal electric field for high voltage applications in order to limit as much as possible
breakdown risks. The pressure wave propagation (PWP) method has been used by several
researchers to measure the space charge distribution and the internal electric field distribution
in insulators. However, since experimental equipment, with slight differences, is developed
independently by researchers over the world, it is difficult to compare the measuring results
between the different researchers.
The procedure outlined in this technical report would give a reliable point of comparison
between different test results carried out by different laboratories and avoid interpretation
errors. The IEC has established a project team to develop a procedure to evaluate PWP
measurement. The method will be verified in a Round Robin test. Once, having received
reliable experience, this report is intended later to be upgraded to a technical specification in
order to establish a specified way to estimate fairly the performance of a PWP measurement.
– 6 – TR 62836 © IEC:2013(E)
MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD IN INSULATING
MATERIALS – PRESSURE WAVE PROPAGATION METHOD
1 Scope
IEC/TR 62836, which is a technical report, contains an efficient and reliable procedure to test
the internal electric field in the insulating materials used for high-voltage applications using
the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method. It is suitable for a sample with homogeneous
insulating materials and an electric field higher than 1 kV/mm, but it is also depended on the
thickness of sample and the pressure wave generator.
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.
2.1 Terms and definitions
2.1.1
pre
...
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