IEC 62501:2024 applies to self-commutated converter valves, for use in a three-phase bridge voltage sourced converter (VSC) for high voltage DC power transmission or as part of a back-to-back link, and to dynamic braking valves. It is restricted to electrical type and production tests. This document can be used as a guide for testing of high-voltage VSC valves used in energy storage systems (ESS). The tests specified in this document are based on air insulated valves. The test requirements and acceptance criteria can be used for guidance to specify the electrical type and production tests of other types of valves. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Conditions for use of evidence in lieu are inserted as a new Table 1; b) Test parameters for valve support DC voltage test, 7.3.2, and MVU DC voltage test, 8.4.1, updated; c) AC-DC voltage test between valve terminals, Clause 9, is restructured and alternative tests, by individual AC and DC voltage tests, added in 9.4.2; d) Partial discharge test in routine test program is removed; e) More information on valve component fault tolerance, Annex B, is added; f) Valve losses determination is added as Annex C.

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IEC 62501:2024 applies to self-commutated converter valves, for use in a three-phase bridge voltage sourced converter (VSC) for high voltage DC power transmission or as part of a back-to-back link, and to dynamic braking valves. It is restricted to electrical type and production tests. This document can be used as a guide for testing of high-voltage VSC valves used in energy storage systems (ESS). The tests specified in this document are based on air insulated valves. The test requirements and acceptance criteria can be used for guidance to specify the electrical type and production tests of other types of valves. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Conditions for use of evidence in lieu are inserted as a new Table 1;
b) Test parameters for valve support DC voltage test, 7.3.2, and MVU DC voltage test, 8.4.1, updated;
c) AC-DC voltage test between valve terminals, Clause 9, is restructured and alternative tests, by individual AC and DC voltage tests, added in 9.4.2;
d) Partial discharge test in routine test program is removed;
e) More information on valve component fault tolerance, Annex B, is added;
f) Valve losses determination is added as Annex C.

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This part of IEC 60143 specifies the testing of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC)
installations used in series with transmission lines. This document also addresses issues that
consider ratings for TCSC thyristor valve assemblies, capacitors, and reactors as well as TCSC
control characteristics, protective features, cooling system and system operation.

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IEC 60143-4:2023 specifies the testing of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) installations used in series with transmission lines. This document also addresses issues that consider ratings for TCSC thyristor valve assemblies, capacitors, and reactors as well as TCSC control characteristics, protective features, cooling system and system operation. IEC 60143-4:2023 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) thyristor valve testing requirements refer to IEC 62823; b) Formula (1) in Subclause 4.2 has been corrected; c) Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests, Subclause 7.5.4, replaces previously specified real time protection and control system test with network simulator.

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IEC 60143-4:2023 specifies the testing of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) installations used in series with transmission lines. This document also addresses issues that consider ratings for TCSC thyristor valve assemblies, capacitors, and reactors as well as TCSC control characteristics, protective features, cooling system and system operation.
IEC 60143-4:2023 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) thyristor valve testing requirements refer to IEC 62823;
b) Formula (1) in Subclause 4.2 has been corrected;
c) Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests, Subclause 7.5.4, replaces previously specified real time protection and control system test with network simulator.

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This document defines the specific requirements for public electricity network distribution
assemblies (PENDAs).
PENDAs have the following criteria:
– used for the distribution of electrical energy in three phase systems for which the rated
voltage does not exceed 1 000 V AC (see Figure 101 for a typical distribution network) and
DC systems not exceeding 1 500 V DC;
– stationary;
– open type assemblies are not covered by this document;
– suitable for installation in places where only skilled persons have access for their use,
however, outdoor types can be installed in situations that are accessible to ordinary persons
• intended for use in energy distribution in public power grids;
• indoor use: assemblies for installation inside of electric power substations;
• outdoor use: assemblies containing an enclosure suitable for open air installation.
The object of this document is to state the definitions and to specify the service conditions,
construction requirements, technical characteristics and tests for PENDAs. Tests at higher
performance level can be applicable with some network parameters.
PENDAs can also include control and or signalling devices associated with the distribution of
electrical energy.
NOTE 1 Control and monitoring devices can be used in smart grid applications or the transmission of smart grid
data.
This document applies to all PENDAs whether they are designed, manufactured on a one-off
basis or fully standardised and manufactured in quantity.
The manufacture and/or assembly can be carried out other than by the original manufacturer
(see 3.10.1 of IEC 61439-1:2020).
This document does not apply to individual devices and self-contained components, such as
motor starters, fuse switches, electronic equipment, etc. which comply with the relevant product
standards.
If the substation is owned or operated by a public distribution system operator (DSO), PENDA’s
which are used as LV distribution panels in transformer substations are within the scope of this
document,
This document does not apply to specific types of assemblies covered by other parts of
IEC 61439 series.
NOTE 2 If a PENDA is equipped with additional equipment (for example meters), in such a way that the main
function is changed considerably, then other standards can also apply as agreed between user and manufacturer
(see 8.5 of IEC 61439-1:2020).
NOTE 3 Where local regulations and practices permit, a PENDA according to this document can be used in other
than public networks.
NOTE 4 DSO’s can define additional requirements for their PENDA’s.

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This document specifies a reference model for spatial wireless power transfer based on multiple magnetic resonances (SWPT-MMR), which is non-radiative wireless power transfer (WPT). The document contains overview of SWPT-MMR and a reference model.

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IEC 62751-2:2014 gives the detailed method to be adopted for calculating the power losses in the valves for an HVDC system based on the "modular multi-level converter", where each valve in the converter consists of a number of self-contained, two-terminal controllable voltage sources connected in series. It is applicable both for the cases where each modular cell uses only a single turn-off semiconductor device in each switch position, and the case where each switch position consists of a number of turn-off semiconductor devices in series (topology also referred to as "cascaded two-level converter"). The main formulae are given for the two-level "half-bridge" configuration but guidance is also given as to how to extend the results to certain other types of MMC building block configuration.

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  • Standard
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  • Standard
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This part of IEC 63275-1 gives a test method to evaluate gate threshold voltage shift of silicon carbide (SiC) power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) using room temperature readout after applying continuous positive gate-source voltage stress at elevated temperature. The proposed method accepts a certain amount of recovery by allowing large delay times between stress and measurement (up to 10h).

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This document is applicable to eye, face and head protectors used in work where there is a risk of exposure to an electric arc hazard. Such protectors consist of one or several devices (e.g. hood, goggles, balaclavas, face shields, helmets, etc.), which might need to be combined together in order to give protection to eye, face and head for the intended use. This document covers the performance requirements for protectors and single protective devices considering thermal, optical and mechanical hazards of an electric arc. Because of the limitations of test apparatus at very high energy arcs, no arc rating above 4 100 kJ/m2 (100 cal/cm2) can be assigned to protectors. This document does not cover protection against electric shock, noise, the consequences of physical and mental shock and the toxic influences caused by an electric arc. This document does not cover protectors for work intentionally using an electric arc, e.g. arc welding, plasma torch. This document does not cover face-screens for the reduction of an electric field inside conductive clothing in accordance with IEC 60895. Any other claims of the manufacturer for protection against other hazards to eye or face (e.g. welding radiation, hazards occurring during fire-fighting) are outside the scope of the document. Products designed and manufactured in accordance with this document contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by skilled persons, in accordance with safe methods of work and the instructions for use.

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This document specifies a reference model for spatial wireless power transfer based on multiple magnetic resonances (SWPT-MMR), which is non-radiative wireless power transfer (WPT). The document contains overview of SWPT-MMR and a reference model.

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DAV on 2020-02-28.

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IEC 63245-2:2022 specifies a reference model for spatial wireless power transfer based on multiple magnetic resonances (SWPT-MMR), which is a type of non-radiative wireless power transfer (WPT). The document contains an overview of SWPT-MMR and a reference model.

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IEC 63006:2019 specifies terminology and definitions related to wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies below 30 MHz to promote global harmonization of wireless power transfer terminology. This document does not address terminology of wireless power transfer outside the scope of IEC TC 100 (Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment), such as human exposure or safety.

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This standard defines specification and control protocol of D2DWC module for using wireless power TX and RX functions by only one single device. And the related antenna physical design examples are presented in Annex A for sharing information. This standard propose D2DWC module circuit requirement which are consisted with the D2DWC main AP, D2DWC IC, EMT/WPT Antenna Unit and PMIC unit. In the Chapter 5, ‘Specifications and control protocol of D2DWC’, the register information and message protocols for WPT control are defined in order to implement the WPT TX function. In this standard, the interface and protocol in the wireless power process of the mobile device can be used in accordance with the corresponding wireless power transfer standard. Any wireless power transfer standard working inside 100 - 350 kHz frequency range can be included from the scope of this standard. This standard can be used to mobile wireless power transfer in mobile phones and other mobile devices, IoT, and micro-sensor industries and related application fields.

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This standard defines procedures for transferring power to non-powered IoT devices using the existing ISM band communication infrastructure and RF WPT and a protocol for a two-way, long-distance wireless network in which IoT devices and APs communicate using backscatter modulation of ISM-band signals. Three components are required for two-way, long-distance wireless communication using backscatter modulation of ISM-band signals: an STA that transmits wireless power and data packets to SSNs by forming ISM-band signal channels between HIE-APs, a batteryless SSN that changes the sensitivity of the channel signals received from the STA using backscatter modulation, and an HIE-AP that practically decodes the channel signals whose sensitivity was changed by the SSN. In this standard, the procedures for CW-type RF WPT using communication among these three components are specified based on application of the CSI or RSSI detection method of ISM-band communication. This standard proposes a convergence communication protocol than can deploy sensors, which can operate at low power (dozens of microwatts or less) without batteries, collect energy, and perform communication, to transmit power to SSNs using RF WPT based on parasitic communication. This method can be applied to application service areas such as domestic IoT, the micro-sensor industry, and industries related to environmental monitoring in the future

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IEC 62980:2022 defines procedures for transferring power to non-powered IoT devices using the existing ISM band communication infrastructure and RF WPT and a protocol for a two-way, long-distance wireless network in which IoT devices and APs communicate using backscatter modulation of ISM-band signals. Three components are required for two-way, long-distance wireless communication using backscatter modulation of ISM-band signals:
• an STA that transmits wireless power and data packets to SSNs by forming ISM-band signal channels between HIE-APs,
• a battery-free SSN that changes the sensitivity of the channel signals received from the STA using backscatter modulation, and
• an HIE-AP that practically decodes the channel signals whose sensitivity was changed by the SSN.
In this document, the procedures for CW-type RF WPT using communication among these three components are specified based on application of the CSI or RSSI detection method of ISM-band communication.
This document proposes a convergence communication protocol than can deploy sensors, which can operate at low power (dozens of microwatts or less) without batteries, collect energy, and perform communication, to transmit power to SSNs using RF WPT based on parasitic communication. This method can be applied to application service areas such as domestic IoT, the micro-sensor industry, and industries related to environmental monitoring in the future.

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IEC 63254:2022 defines the specification and the control protocol of the D2DWC module for the use of wireless power TX and RX functions by a single device. The related antenna physical design examples for sharing information are presented in Annex A.
This document proposes the D2DWC module circuit requirement, which consists of the D2DWC main AP, D2DWC IC, the EMT/WPT antenna unit and the PMIC unit. In Clause 5, the register information and message protocols for WPT control are defined in order to implement the WPT TX function.
In this document, the interface and protocol in the wireless power process of the mobile device can be used in accordance with the corresponding wireless power transfer standard. Any wireless power transfer standard working within the 100 kHz to 350 kHz frequency range can be included in the scope of this document.
This document can be used for mobile wireless power transfer in mobile phones and other mobile devices, IoT devices, micro-sensor industries and related application fields.

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IEC 62819:2022 is applicable to eye, face and head protectors used in work where there is a risk of exposure to an electric arc hazard. Such protectors consist of one or several devices (e.g. hood, goggles, balaclavas, face shields, helmets, etc.), which might need to be combined together in order to give protection to eye, face and head for the intended use. This document covers the performance requirements for protectors and single protective devices considering thermal, optical and mechanical hazards of an electric arc. The product covered by this document can have an impact on the environment during some or all stages of its life cycle. These impacts can range from slight to significant, be short-term or long-term, and occur at the global, regional or local level. This document does not include requirements and test provisions for the manufacturers of the product or recommendations to the users of the product for environmental improvement. However, all parties intervening in its design, manufacture, packaging, distribution, use, maintenance, repair, reuse, recovery and disposal are invited to take account of environmental considerations. Products designed and manufactured in accordance with this document contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by skilled persons, in accordance with safe methods of work and the instructions for use.
The contents of the corrigendum of March 2024 have been included in this copy.

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IEC TS 62344:2022 is available as IEC TS 62344:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC TS 62344:2022 applies to the design of earth electrode stations for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links. It is intended to provide necessary guidelines, limits, and precautions to be followed during the design of earth electrodes to ensure safety of personnel and earth electrodes, and reduce any significant impacts on DC power transmission systems and the surrounding environment. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Changed the requirement of earthing resistance limit for short-time unipolar earth system in 5.1.3.
- Corrected the coefficient before ρs from 0,015 9 to 0,008 in touch voltage limit calculation formula (3) in 5.1.5.
- Deleted the analytical calculation formulas of earthing resistance for sea and shore electrodes in 6.1.3.
- Changed the current density limit from 100 A/m2 to 40 A/m2 ~ 50 A/m2 for the sea electrodes that are not accessible to human beings or to marine fauna in 6.1.7.
- Extended some detailed technical requirements for the measurement of ground/water soil parameters in 6.2.5.
- Reformulated the types and characteristics of electrode element material for sea and shore electrodes in 6.3.2.
- Added an informative Annex B: Earth electrode design process.
- Added an informative Annex C: Test results of human body resistance.
- Deleted the formula for calculating the average soil resistivity using harmonic mean when processing the measurement data in D.2.6 of Annex D.
- Extended some detailed technical requirements of electrode online monitoring system in Annex H.
- CIGRE 675:2017 is added to the bibliography.
- Terminology and way of expressions are modified using more commonly used terms in the HVDC electrode design industries and English-speaking countries, so as to make the readers understand the content more easily.

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  • Technical specification
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IEC TR 62543:2022 is available as IEC TR 62543:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC TR 62543:2022 gives general guidance on the subject of voltage sourced converters (VSC) used for transmission of power by high voltage direct current (HVDC). It describes converters that are not only voltage sourced (containing a capacitive energy storage medium and where the polarity of DC voltage remains fixed) but also self-commutated, using semiconductor devices which can both be turned on and turned off by control action. The scope includes 2‑level and 3-level converters with pulse-width modulation (PWM), along with multi-level converters, modular multi-level converters and cascaded two-level converters, but excludes 2‑level and 3-level converters operated without PWM, in square-wave output mode. HVDC power transmission using voltage sourced converters is known as "VSC transmission". The various types of circuit that can be used for VSC transmission are described in this document, along with their principal operational characteristics and typical applications. The overall aim is to provide a guide for purchasers to assist with the task of specifying a VSC transmission scheme. Line-commutated and current-sourced converters are specifically excluded from this document. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- in Clause 3, some redundant definitions which were identical to those listed in IEC 62747 have been deleted;
- in 4.3.4, description and diagrams have been added for the cases of a bipole with dedicated metallic return and a rigid bipole;
- in 4.4, mention is made of the bi-mode insulated gate transistor (BiGT) and injection enhanced gate transistor (IEGT) as possible alternatives to the IGBT;
- in 5.6, the reference to common-mode blocking reactors has been deleted since these are very rarely used nowadays.

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  • Technical report
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IEC TR 63259:2022(E) provides guidelines for the application of water cooling systems for power electronics used in electrical transmission and distribution systems.
This document describes a kind of water cooling system, in which de-ionized water or de-ionized water mixed with other solutes is used as the heat transfer agent for the removal of heat from power electronic equipment. Water cooling system can be separated into main circuit, and control and protection system. Other cooling systems, in which de-ionized water is not the heat transfer agent, are excluded in this document.
This document provides guidance and supporting information for both purchaser(s) and potential supplier(s). It can be used as the basis for drafting a procurement specification and as a guide during project implementation.

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This International Standard defines terms for the subject of self-commutated voltage-sourced converters used for transmission of power by high voltage direct current (HVDC). The standard is written mainly for the case of application of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in voltage sourced converters (VSC) but may also be used for guidance in the event that other types of semiconductor devices which can both be turned on and turned off by control action are used. Line-commutated and current-sourced converters for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission systems are specifically excluded from this standard.

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This International Standard defines type, production and optional tests on thyristor valves used in thyristor controlled reactors (TCR), thyristor switched reactors (TSR) and thyristor switched capacitors (TSC) forming part of static VAR compensators (SVC) for power system applications. The requirements of the standard apply both to single valve units (one phase) and to multiple valve units (several phases).
Clauses 4 to 7 detail the type tests, i.e. tests which are carried out to verify that the valve design meets the requirements specified. Clause 8 covers the production tests, i.e. tests which are carried out to verify proper manufacturing. Clauses 9 and 10 detail optional tests, i.e. tests additional to the type and production tests.

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IEC 60358-4:2018 applies to DC or AC single-phase capacitor-dividers connected between line and ground used for manufacturing Voltage Transformers as well as for other applications. IEC 60358-4:2018 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60358-1 and its amendments. IEC 60358-4:2018 was established on the basis of the IEC 60358-1:2012. IEC 60358-4:2018 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60358-1:2012. This standard cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60358 (1990), and constitutes a technical revision.

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This part of IEC 63245 specifies requirements for spatial wireless power transfer based on
multiple magnetic resonances (SWPT-MMR), which is a non-radiative wireless power transfer
(WPT). This document contains two categories of requirements: general requirements and
functional requirements. The general requirements cover charging procedures and charging
zones. The functional requirements cover each component of a SWPT-MMR system, such as
transmitter coils.

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This International Standard defines type, production and optional tests on thyristor valves used in thyristor controlled reactors (TCR), thyristor switched reactors (TSR) and thyristor switched capacitors (TSC) forming part of static VAR compensators (SVC) for power system applications. The requirements of the standard apply both to single valve units (one phase) and to multiple valve units (several phases). Clauses 4 to 7 detail the type tests, i.e. tests which are carried out to verify that the valve design meets the requirements specified. Clause 8 covers the production tests, i.e. tests which are carried out to verify proper manufacturing. Clauses 9 and 10 detail optional tests, i.e. tests additional to the type and production tests.

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IEC 61954:2021 is available as IEC 61954:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61954:2021 defines type, production and optional tests on thyristor valves used in thyristor controlled reactors (TCR), thyristor switched reactors (TSR) and thyristor switched capacitors (TSC) forming part of static VAR compensators (SVC) for power system applications. The requirements of the document apply both to single valve units (one phase) and to multiple valve units (several phases). Clauses 4 to 7 detail the type tests, i.e. tests which are carried out to verify that the valve design meets the requirements specified. Clause 8 covers the production tests, i.e. tests which are carried out to verify proper manufacturing. Clauses 9 and 10 detail optional tests, i.e. tests additional to the type and production tests. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: important clarifications were made in 4.4.1.2, 5.1.2.2, 5.1.3.2, 5.2.3.2, 6.1.2.2, 6.1.2.4, 6.1.3.2, 6.2.2.2, 6.2.2.4, 6.3.2.2 and 9.3.2.
The contents of the corrigendum of June 2024 have been included in this copy.

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This part of IEC 61243 is applicable to portable voltage detectors, with or without built-in power
sources, to be used on electrical systems for voltages of 1 kV to 800 kV AC, and frequencies
of 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz.
This document applies only to voltage detectors of capacitive type used in contact with the bare
part to be tested, as a complete device including its insulating element or as a separate device,
adaptable to an insulating stick which, as a separate tool, is not covered by this document
(see 4.4.2.1 for general design).
Other types of voltage detectors are not covered by this document.
NOTE Self ranging voltage detectors (formally "multi range voltage detectors") are not covered by this document.
Some restrictions or formal interdictions on their use are applicable in case of switchgear of
IEC 62271 series design, due to insulation coordination, on overhead line systems of electrified
railways (see Annex B) and systems without neutral reference. For systems without neutral
reference, the insulating level is adapted to the maximum possible voltage to the earth (ground).
Products designed and manufactured according to this document contribute to the safety of
users provided they are used by persons trained for the work, in accordance with the hot stick
working method and the instructions for use.
Except where otherwise specified, all the voltages defined in this document refer to values of
phase-to-phase voltages of three-phase systems. In other systems, the applicable phase-tophase
or phase-to-earth (ground) voltages are used to determine the operating voltage.

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IEC 61243-1:2021 is applicable to portable voltage detectors, with or without built-in power sources, to be used on electrical systems for voltages of 1 kV to 800 kV AC, and frequencies of 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz. This document applies only to voltage detectors of capacitive type used in contact with the bare part to be tested, as a complete device including its insulating element or as a separate device, adaptable to an insulating stick which, as a separate tool, is not covered by this document (see 4.4.2.1 for general design). Other types of voltage detectors are not covered by this document. Self ranging voltage detectors (formally "multi range voltage detectors") are not covered by this document. Some restrictions or formal interdictions on their use are applicable in case of switchgear of IEC 62271 series design, due to insulation coordination, on overhead line systems of electrified railways (see Annex B) and systems without neutral reference. For systems without neutral reference, the insulating level is adapted to the maximum possible voltage to the earth (ground). Products designed and manufactured according to this document contribute to the safety of users provided they are used by persons trained for the work, in accordance with the hot stick working method and the instructions for use. Except where otherwise specified, all the voltages defined in this document refer to values of phase-to-phase voltages of three-phase systems. In other systems, the applicable phase-to-phase or phase-to-earth (ground) voltages are used to determine the operating voltage. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003 and Amend-ment 1:2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The scope is more precise, stating that only bare contact to the part to be tested is reliable for these contact voltage detectors. The rationale is that tests on painted or coated conductors have led to wrong indications, as this non-conductive paint or coat acts as a capacitor with different capacity according to the thickness. This capacity has an effect on the threshold voltage. b) A contact probe is introduced as a new type of non-conductive contact electrode. c) A new type "exclusively outdoor type" has been defined and implemented into the requirements and test procedure. d) A selector for voltage and frequency is allowed if foreseeable misuse is excluded. e) The marking for voltage detectors with low interference voltage has been made more precise. f) The indication groups have been made more precise and requirements and tests for the "ready to operate state" and "stand-by state" added. g) Requirements and tests for electromagnetic compatability have been implemented. h) An example for good electrical connection for the tests is introduced.

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IEC 61472-2:2021 specifies a method for determining the electrical component of the minimum approach distances for live working, for AC systems 1 kV up to and including 72,5 kV. This document addresses system overvoltages and the working air distances between equipment and/or workers at different potentials. The withstand voltage and minimum approach distances determined by the method described in this document can be used only if the following working conditions prevail:  
workers are trained for, and skilled in, working live lines or close to live conductors or equipment;
the operating conditions are adjusted so that the statistical overvoltage does not exceed the value selected for the determination of the required withstand voltage;
transient overvoltages are the determining overvoltages;
tool insulation has no continuous film of moisture present on the surface;
no lightning is observed within 10 km of the work site;
allowance is made for the effect of the conducting components of tools.

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This part of IEC 63245 specifies requirements for spatial wireless power transfer based on multiple magnetic resonances (SWPT-MMR), which is a non-radiative wireless power transfer (WPT). This document contains two categories of requirements: general requirements and functional requirements. The general requirements cover charging procedures and charging zones. The functional requirements cover each component of a SWPT-MMR system, such as transmitter coils.

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IEC 61472-2:2021 specifies a method for determining the electrical component of the minimum approach distances for live working, for AC systems 1 kV up to and including 72,5 kV. This document addresses system overvoltages and the working air distances between equipment and/or workers at different potentials.
The withstand voltage and minimum approach distances determined by the method described in this document can be used only if the following working conditions prevail:
workers are trained for, and skilled in, working live lines or close to live conductors or equipment;
the operating conditions are adjusted so that the statistical overvoltage does not exceed the value selected for the determination of the required withstand voltage;
transient overvoltages are the determining overvoltages;
tool insulation has no continuous film of moisture present on the surface;
no lightning is observed within 10 km of the work site;
allowance is made for the effect of the conducting components of tools.

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