ISO TS 80004-1:2015
(Main)Nanotechnologies -- Vocabulary -- Part 1: Core terms
Nanotechnologies -- Vocabulary -- Part 1: Core terms
ISO TS 80004-1:2015 lists terms and definitions related to core terms in the field of nanotechnologies. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them.
Nanotechnologies - Vocabulaire - Partie 1: Termes "coeur"
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 80004-1
Second edition
2015-12-01
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 1:
Core terms
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —
Partie 1: Termes “coeur”
Reference number
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography . 3
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/
resources-for-technical-work/foreword.htm
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies, and Technical Committee
IEC/TC 113, Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronic products and systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 80004-1:2010), which has been
technically revised.
Documents in the 80000 to 89999 range of reference numbers are developed by collaboration
between ISO and IEC.
ISO/TS 80004 consists of the following parts, under the general title Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary:
— Part 1: Core terms
— Part 2: Nano-objects
— Part 3: Carbon nano-objects
— Part 4: Nanostructured materials
— Part 5: Nano/bio interface
— Part 6: Nano-object characterization
— Part 7: Diagnostics and therapeutics for healthcare
— Part 8: Nanomanufacturing processes
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
— Part 10: Nano-enabled photonic components and systems
— Part 11: Nanolayer, nanocoating, nanofilm, and related terms
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
— Part 12: Quantum phenomena in nanotechnology
— Part 13: Graphene and other two-dimensional materials
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
Introduction
By control of matter in the nanoscale (2.1), nanotechnology (2.3) brings together processes and
techniques that are used to research, design and manufacture materials, devices, and systems. It enables
management of characteristics such as material size, shape, morphology, chemical composition and
molecular configuration for the improvement, or development of, new process and product properties.
Applications of nanotechnologies are expected to impact virtually every aspect of life and enable
dramatic advances in communication, health, manufacturing, materials and knowledge-based
technologies. Even if this is only partially realized, there is a need to provide industry and researchers
with suitable tools to assist with the development, application and communication of nanotechnologies.
A crucial objective is the harmonization of terminology and definitions, in order to promote common
understanding and consistent usage across communities where nanotechnologies are being developed
and used. In the context of the ISO/TS 80004- series of standards, “terminology” refers to the following:
a) a structured or conceptual presentation of vocabulary employed in nanotechnologies,
b) assigned definitions for specific units of the language in this vocabulary.
This part of ISO/TS 80004 presents terminology and definitions for core terms in this emerging
vocabulary, and serves as the foundation for a broader vocabulary constituted collectively by the
ISO/TS 80004- series of standards.
As nanotechnologies continue to evolve, the terms and definitions to facilitate communications have
become increasingly specific and precise. For many communities, the meaning of terms such as
“nanoscale”, “nanomaterial” (2.4) and “nanotechnology” are inferred by logical application of the SI unit
−9
of scale. The prefix ‘nano-’ specifically means a measure of 10 units, and the nature of this unit is
determined by the word that follows. In the ISO/TS 80004 vocabulary series, however, terms such as
“nano-object” (2.5) and “nanoscale” employ size and geometric boundaries to express fundamental and
measurable aspects of nanomaterials. In the case of the term nanoscale, the definiti
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 80004-1
Second edition
2015-12-01
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 1:
Core terms
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —
Partie 1: Termes “coeur”
Reference number
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography . 3
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
orga nizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/
resources-for-technical-work/foreword.htm
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies, and Technical Committee
IEC/TC 113, Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronic products and systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 80004-1:2010), which has been
technically revised.
Documents in the 80000 to 89999 range of reference numbers are developed by collaboration
between ISO and IEC.
ISO/TS 80004 consists of the following parts, under the general title Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary:
— Part 1: Core terms
— Part 2: Nano-objects
— Part 3: Carbon nano-objects
— Part 4: Nanostructured materials
— Part 5: Nano/bio interface
— Part 6: Nano-object characterization
— Part 7: Diagnostics and therapeutics for healthcare
— Part 8: Nanomanufacturing processes
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
— Part 10: Nano-enabled photonic components and systems
— Part 11: Nanolayer, nanocoating, nanofilm, and related terms
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
— Part 12: Quantum phenomena in nanotechnology
— Part 13: Graphene and other two-dimensional materials
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)
Introduction
By control of matter in the nanoscale (2.1), nanotechnology (2.3) brings together processes and
techniques that are used to research, design and manufacture materials, devices, and systems. It enables
management of characteristics such as material size, shape, morphology, chemical composition and
molecular configuration for the improvement, or development of, new process and product properties.
Applications of nanotechnologies are expected to impact virtually every aspect of life and enable
dramatic advances in communication, health, manufacturing, materials and knowledge-based
technologies. Even if this is only partially realized, there is a need to provide industry and researchers
with suitable tools to assist with the development, application and communication of nanotechnologies.
A crucial objective is the harmonization of terminology and definitions, in order to promote common
understanding and consistent usage across communities where nanotechnologies are being developed
and used. In the context of the ISO/TS 80004- series of standards, “terminology” refers to the following:
a) a structured or conceptual presentation of vocabulary employed in nanotechnologies,
b) assigned definitions for specific units of the language in this vocabulary.
This part of ISO/TS 80004 presents terminology and definitions for core terms in this emerging
vocabulary, and serves as the foundation for a broader vocabulary constituted collectively by the
ISO/TS 80004- series of standards.
As nanotechnologies continue to evolve, the terms and definitions to facilitate communications have
become increasingly specific and precise. For many communities, the meaning of terms such as
“nanoscale”, “nanomaterial” (2.4) and “nanotechnology” are inferred by logical application of the SI unit
−9
of scale. The prefix ‘nano-’ specifically means a measure of 10 units, and the nature of this unit is
determined by the word that follows. In the ISO/TS 80004 vocabulary series, however, terms such as
“nano-object” (2.5) and “nanoscale” employ size and geometric boundaries to express fundamental and
measurable aspects of nanomaterials. In the case of the term nanoscale,
...
SPÉCIFICATION ISO/TS
TECHNIQUE 80004-1
Deuxième édition
2015-12-01
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —
Partie 1:
Termes “coeur”
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 1: Core terms
Numéro de référence
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(F)
©
ISO 2015
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2015, Publié en Suisse
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Termes et définitions . 1
Bibliographie . 3
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouv ernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2. www.iso.
org/directives
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO. www.iso.org/brevets
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer
un engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation
de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de l’ISO aux principes de l’OMC
concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: http://www.iso.org/iso/
home/standards_development/resources-for-technical-work/foreword.htm
Le comité chargé de l’élaboration du présent document est l’ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies, et le comité
technique IEC/TC 113, Normalisation dans le domaine des nanotechnologies relatives aux appareils et
systèmes électriques et électroniques.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO/TS 80004-1:2010), qui a fait l’objet
d’une révision technique.
Les documents dont les numéros de référence sont compris entre 80000 et 89999 sont développés en
collaboration par l’ISO et l’IEC.
L’ISO/TS 80004 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Nanotechnologies —
Vocabulaire:
— Partie 1: Termes « cœur »
— Partie 2: Nano-objets
— Partie 3: Nano-objets en carbone
— Partie 4: Matériaux nanostructurés
— Partie 5: Interface nano/bio
— Partie 6: Caractérisation des nano-objets
— Partie 7: Diagnostics et thérapies pour les soins de santé
— Partie 8: Processus de nanofabrication
iv © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(F)
Les parties suivantes sont en cours d’élaboration:
— Partie 9: Produits et systèmes électrotechniques nanotechnologiques
— Partie 10: Produits et systèmes photoniques nanotechnologiques
— Partie 11: Nano-couche, nano-revêtement, nano-film et termes associés
— Partie 12: Phénomènes quantiques dans les nanotechnologies
— Partie 13: Graphène et autres matériaux bidimensionnels
ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(F)
Introduction
Par un contrôle de la matière à l’échelle nanométrique (2.1), les nanotechnologies (2.3) associent des
processus et des techniques qui sont utilisés pour la recherche, la conception et la fabrication de
matériaux, de dispositifs et de systèmes. Elles permettent la gestion de caractéristiques telles que
les dimensions, la forme, la morphologie, la composition chimique et la configuration moléculaire
des m atériaux en vue de l’amélioration ou du développement de nouveaux processus ou de nouvelles
propr iétés des produits.
On s’attend à ce que les applications des nanotechnologies affectent pratiquement tous les aspects de la
vie et permettent des avancées considérables dans les domaines des technologies de la communication,
de la santé, de la fabrication, des matériaux et des technologies de la connaissance. Même si ce scénario
ne se réalise que partiellement, il est nécessaire de fournir à l’industrie et aux chercheurs des outils
d’aide au développement, à l’application et à la communication des nanotechnologies.
L’harmonisation de la terminologie et des définitions est un objectif fondamental pour faciliter
une compréhension mutuelle et un usage cohérent dans toutes les communautés qui développent et
utilisent les nanotechnologies. Dans le contexte de la série de normes ISO/TS 80004, la « terminologie »
fait référence à:
a) une présentation structurée ou conceptuelle du vocabulaire employé dans les nanotechnologies,
b) des définitions attribuées aux éléments linguistiques spécifiques de ce vocabulaire.
La présente partie de l’ISO/TS 80004 présente la terminologie et les définitions des termes « cœur » de
ce vocabulaire émergent, et sert de fondement pour un vocabulaire plus large qui sera mis en place par
l’ensemble de la série de normes ISO/TS 80004.
Les nanotechnologies évoluant sans cesse, les termes et définitions destinés à faciliter la communication
sont devenus de plus en plus spécifiques et précis. Pour de nombreuses communautés, la signification
de termes tels que « échelle nanométrique », « nanomatériau » (2.4) et « nanotechnologies » découle
de l’application logique de l’échelle des unités SI. Le préfixe « nano- » signifie spécifiquement une
−9
mesure de 10 unités, et la nature de cette unité est déterminée par le terme qui suit. Toutefois, dans
la série de normes de vocabulaire ISO/TS 80004, des termes tels que « nano-objet » (2.5) et « échelle
nanométrique » emploient des limites dimensionnelles et géométriques pour traduire des aspects
fondamentaux et mesurables des nanomatériaux. En ce qui concerne le terme échelle nanométrique, la
définition tient compte du fait que l’intervalle de longueur des nano-objets peut dépasser les limites
précises habituellement associées au concept d’échelle, en indiquant que les bornes supéri
...
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