CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020

Amendment 1 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Amendement 1 - Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Antennes et emplacements d’essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2020
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 33.100.10 - Emission
• ICS: 33.100.20 - Immunity
• Technical Committee: A - Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Completion Date: 15-Jun-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

CISPR 16-1-4
Edition 4.0 2020-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INT ERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
C OMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
AMENDMENT 1
AMENDEMENT 1
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas
and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées
CISPR 16-1-4:2019-01/AMD1:2020-06(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
CISPR 16-1-4
Edition 4.0 2020-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INT ERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
C OMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
AMENDMENT 1
AMENDEMENT 1
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas
and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-8450-6

Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

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® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020
© IEC 2020
FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by subcommittee CISPR A: Radio-interference

measurements and statistical methods, of IEC technical committee CISPR: International special

committee on radio interference.
The text of this amendment is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
CIS/A/1316/FDIS CIS/A/1320/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report on

voting indicated in the above table.

The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will

remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under

"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the

publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates

that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding

of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

_____________
3.2 Abbreviated terms
Add the following new abbreviated terms to the existing list:
DRH double ridged horn
XP cross polarization
PDF probability density function
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna

Delete, in the first sentence of the existing last paragraph, the cross-reference to [21].

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CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020 – 3 –
© IEC 2020
4.7 Special antenna arrangements – large-loop antenna system

Replace the first sentence of the third paragraph with the following new sentence:

The EUT shall be positioned in the centre of the LLAS on a non-conductive support table.

Replace the third sentence of the third paragraph with the following new sentence:

Guidelines for routing of EUT cables are given in C.3 and Figure C.6.
Add, after the existing third paragraph, the following new paragraph:

The LLAS may be placed in any environment. Placement inside a shielded room, SAC, FAR, or

weather-protected OATS is permitted. Placement in a shielded environment is recommended

to eliminate ambient signals allowing for better sensitivity to EUT emissions. A minimum

distance of 0,5 m between the LLAS and any metallic plane is recommended. The validation of

the LLAS shall be performed at the location where the LLAS measurements normally take place

to take into account the effect of the environment (see C.4).
Replace, in the NOTE, "Correction factors" with "Conversion factors".
C.3 Construction of a large-loop antenna (LLA)
Replace the existing third paragraph with the following paragraph:

The standard diameter of each LLA is defined as D = 2 m (i.e. the reference diameter). If

necessary, e.g. in the case of a large EUT, D may be increased. However, in the frequency

range up to 30 MHz, the maximum diameter allowed is 4 m. Further increase of the diameter

can result in non-reproducible resonances of the LLAS response at the high-frequency end of

the measuring range. The validation method specified in C.4 applies for LLAS loops with

diameters of 2 m, 3 m, or 4 m.

Replace the second sentence of the seventh paragraph "The insertion loss of the current probe

shall be sufficiently low (see NOTE 1)." with "The insertion impedance of the current probe

should be sufficiently low (see NOTE)."
Delete the existing NOTE 1 and NOTE 2.
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– 4 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020
© IEC 2020
Add, between the seventh and eighth paragraphs, the following new NOTE:

NOTE To obtain a flat frequency response for each LLA at the lower end of the 9 kHz to 30 MHz frequency range,

the resistive part of the insertion impedance, R , of the current probe is designed to be much smaller than 2π f L at

c c

f = 9 kHz, where L represents the inductance of the current probe. In addition, R + R is to be less than or equal to

c c i

X /10 = (2π f L)/10 at 9 kHz, where R is the resistance of the inner conductor of the loop and L is the loop inductance.

i i

This inductance is about 1,5 µH/m along the circumference; thus, for each standard LLA whose diameter is 2 m,

X ≈ 0,5 Ω at f = 9 kHz.

Add, at the end of the existing text (before Figure C.1), the following new paragraph:

To avoid unwanted capacitive coupling between the EUT and the LLAS, the distance between

the EUT and components of the LLAS shall be at least 0,10 times the loop diameter. Particular

attention should be paid to the leads of an EUT. Cables shall be routed together and leave the

test volume in the same octant of the LLAS, no closer than 0,4 m to any of the LLAS loops (see

Figure C.6).
C.4 Validation of an LLA
Replace the existing title of this clause with the following new title:
C.4 Validation of the LLAS

Replace the first paragraph of this clause with the following three new paragraphs:

The validation of the LLAS shall be carried out by measuring the current induced in each of the

three LLAs by means of the LLAS verification dipole connected to a 50 Ω RF generator, as

described in C.5. The magnetic field emitted by the dipole allows verification of the magnetic

field sensitivity of the LLAS. The electric field emitted by the LLAS verification dipole is intended

to verify that the electric field sensitivity of the LLAS is sufficiently low.

The validation of an LLAS shall be performed at the site where the LLAS measurements

normally take place. This is to account for the effect of the floor, walls, and similar objects or

surfaces in the specific environment of the LLAS.

Validation measurements shall be performed at least at the following frequencies: 9 kHz,

100 kHz, 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 25 MHz, and 30 MHz.

Replace the existing second and third paragraphs with the following new paragraphs:

The induced current shall be measured as a function of frequency in the range of 9 kHz to

30 MHz at the eight positions of the LLAS verification dipole shown in Figure C.7. During this

measurement, the LLAS verification dipole shall be in the plane of the LLA under test.

In each of the eight positions, the measured validation factor, expressed in dB(Ω) as

20 lg(V /I ), where V is the open circuit voltage of the RF generator and I is the measured

go I go I

current, shall not deviate by more than ±3 dB from the applicable reference validation factor

given in Figure C.8 and Table C.1.
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CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020 – 5 –
© IEC 2020
Delete the existing fourth paragraph.
Add, before Figure C.7, three new paragraphs as follows:

The reference validation factors given in Figure C.8 and Table C.1 are valid for an LLAS with

circular loops having diameters of D = 2 m, 3 m, or 4 m.

Tabular values of the curves presented in Figure C.8 are given in Table C.1. These tabular

values shall be used for the LLAS validation.

Background material and the equations for calculating the reference validation factors are given

in CISPR TR 16-3:2020 [23].

Figure C.7 – The eight positions of the LLAS verification dipole during validation of an

LLA
Replace the existing figure with the following new figure:
Figure C.7 – The eight positions of the LLAS verification
dipole during validation of an LLA
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– 6 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020
© IEC 2020
Figure C.8 – Validation factor for an LLA of 2 m diameter
Replace the existing figure, including its title, with the following new figure:
Figure C.8 – Reference validation factors for loops
of 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m diameters
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CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020 – 7 –
© IEC 2020
Add, after the new Figure C.8, the following new table:
Table C.1 – Reference validation factors of Figure C.8 for
loops of 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m diameters
Reference validation factor Reference validation factor
Frequency Frequency
2 m LLAS 3 m LLAS 4 m LLAS 2 m LLAS 3 m LLAS 4 m LLAS
MHz dB(Ω) MHz dB(Ω)
0,009 72,52 81,07 86,64 7 79,57 87,87 93,13
0,01 72,52 81,07 86,64 8 80,47 88,71 93,88
0,02 72,52 81,07 86,64 9 81,30 89,45 94,54
0,03 72,52 81,07 86,64 10 82,04 90,12 95,11
0,04 72,52 81,07 86,64 11 82,72 90,71 95,62
0,05 72,52 81,07 86,64 12 83,34 91,24 96,07
0,06 72,52 81,07 86,65 13 83,90 91,72 96,47
0,07 72,52 81,07 86,65 14 84,42 92,15 96,84
0,08 72,52 81,07 86,65 15 84,90 92,54 97,18
0,09 72,52 81,07 86,65 16 85,34 92,89 97,50
0,1 72,52 81,07 86,65 17 85,75 93,22 97,80
0,2 72,54 81,08 86,66 18 86,13 93,53 98,10
0,3 72,55 81,10 86,68 19 86,48 93,82 98,39
0,4 72,58 81,13 86,70 20 86,81 94,09 98,67
0,5 72,61 81,16 86,73 21 87,12 94,35 98,94
0,6 72,65 81,20 86,77 22 87,41 94,60 99,21
0,7 72,70 81,24 86,82 23 87,68 94,85 99,47
0,8 72,75 81,30 86,87 24 87,94 95,09 99,72
0,9 72,81 81,36 86,93 25 88,19 95,32 99,96
1 72,88 81,42 86,99 26 88,43 95,56 100,18
2 73,81 82,33 87,88 27 88,66 95,79 100,38
3 75,01 83,51 89,02 28 88,88 96,02 100,57
4 76,26 84,72 90,19 29 89,09 96,25 100,73
5 77,46 85,88 91,28 30 89,30 96,47 100,88
6 78,56 86,93 92,26 - - - -
C.5 Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna
Replace the first paragraph with the following paragraph:

The LLAS verification dipole, shown in Figure C.9, has been designed to emit simultaneously a

magnetic field, which should be measured by the LLAS, and an electric field, which should be

rejected by the LLAS.
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– 8 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020
© IEC 2020

Replace the existing second and third paragraphs with the following two paragraphs:

The LLAS verification dipole antenna shall be constructed in accordance with Figure C.9, using

RG-223/U or similar type of coaxial cable. It shall have a width W = 150 cm and a spacing

s = 10 cm (cable centre to cable centre distances), as depicted in Figure C.9. A slit in the outer

conductor of the coaxial cable shall separate the dipole into two halves. One half of the dipole

(the right-hand half in Figure C.9) shall be short-circuited near the connector as well as near

the slit opposite from the connector. Short-circuited means that the inner and outer conductors

of the coaxial cable shall be electrically bonded together. This half shall be connected to the

reference-ground of the coaxial connector (BNC or similar type). The inner conductor of the

coaxial cable, forming the left-hand half of the dipole in Figure C.9, shall be connected to the

centre-pin of the coaxial connector, and its outer conductor connected to the reference ground

of that coaxial connector.

A small metal box shall be used to screen the connections near the coaxial connector. The

outer conductor of the two halves of the dipole coaxial cable and the reference ground of the

coaxial connector shall be bonded to this box.
Replace, in the existing fourth paragraph, "is used" with "may be used".
Figure C.9 – Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna

Replace the existing figure with the following new figure, without modifying its title:

Dimensions in millimetres
NOTE Distances indicated are cable centre to cable centre distances.
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020 – 9 –
© IEC 2020
C.6 Conversion factors

Replace the existing text this clause, including Figure C.10 and Figure C.11, by the following

new Clauses C.6 and C.7.
C.6 Conversion factors
C.6.1 General

This subclause deals with the factor that converts the current measured in an LLA with a non-

standard diameter to a current that would have been measured using an LLA with the standard

diameter of D = 2 m (see Figure C.10 and Table C.2). It also deals with the factor that converts

the current (I) induced in an LLA by an EUT into a magnetic field strength H at a specified

distance from the EUT (see Figure C.11 and Table C.3). Background material and the equations

for calculating these conversion factors are given in CISPR TR 16-3:2020 [23].
C.6.2 Current conversion factors for an LLAS with non-standard diameter

The difference S in decibels, between the current measured in an LLA with diameter D, in m,

and the current that would be measured using an LLA having the standard diameter D = 2 m,

expressed in logarithmic units (such as dB(µA)), is given in Figure C.10 (and Table C.2) for

several values of D, as determined using Equation (C.1):
S = I − I
(C.1)
D D m 2 m

where I and I are the values of the induced currents in an LLA with diameter D and the

D m 2 m

standard 2 m diameter LLA, respectively, both expressed in logarithmic units (such as dB(µA)).

Figure C.10 – Sensitivity S of an LLA with diameter D
relative to an LLA with 2 m diameter
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020
© IEC 2020
Table C.2 – Sensitivity S of an LLA with diameter D
relative to an LLA with 2 m diameter (Figure C.10)
LLAS diameter D LLAS diameter D
Frequency Frequency
1 m 1,5 m 3 m 4 m 1 m 1,5 m 3 m 4 m
MHz MHz
dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB
0,009 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 7 12,72 5,24 -7,25 -12,24
0,01 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 8 12,67 5,22 -7,18 -12,08
0,02 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 9 12,62 5,19 -7,11 -11,92
0,03 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 10 12,56 5,16 -7,02 -11,75
0,04 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 11 12,50 5,12 -6,94 -11,58
0,05 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 12 12,43 5,08 -6,85 -11,41
0,06 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 13 12,36 5,04 -6,76 -11,25
0,07 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 14 12,29 5,00 -6,67 -11,09
0,08 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 15 12,21 4,96 -6,58 -10,96
0,09 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 16 12,12 4,91 -6,50 -10,84
0,1 12,88 5,34 -7,50 -12,80 17 12,04 4,87 -6,42 -10,73
0,2 12,88 5,33 -7,50 -12,80 18 11,95 4,82 -6,35 -10,65
0,3 12,88 5,33 -7,50 -12,80 19 11,86 4,77 -6,28 -10,58
0,4 12,88 5,33 -7,50 -12,80 20 11,77 4,73 -6,23 -10,53
0,5 12,88 5,33 -7,50 -12,80 21 11,68 4,68 -6,18 -10,50
0,6 12,88 5,33 -7,50 -12,80 22 11,60 4,64 -6,14 -10,48
0,7 12,88 5,33 -7,50 -12,80 23 11,51 4,60 -6,11 -10,46
0,8 12,88 5,33 -7,49 -12,80 24 11,42 4,55 -6,09 -10,45
0,9 12,88 5,33 -7,49 -12,79 25 11,33 4,52 -6,08 -10,44
1 12,87 5,33 -7,49 -12,79 26 11,25 4,48 -6,08 -10,43
2 12,86 5,33 -7,48 -12,75 27 11,17 4,45 -6,08 -10,40
3 12,85 5,32 -7,45 -12,69 28 11,09 4,41 -6,09 -10,37
4 12,83 5,30 -7,41 -12,61 29 11,02 4,39 -6,10 -10,32
5 12,80 5,29 -7,37 -12,50 30 10,95 4,36 -6,12 -10,25
6 12,76 5,27 -7,31 -12,38 - - - - -
C.6.3 Conversion of LLAS measured current to magnetic field strength

The conversion factor in Figure C.11 and Table C.3 represent the worst-case (highest) of all

three polarizations when considering a source of magnetic field positioned in the centre of an

LLA with its magnetic dipole moment perpendicular to the plane of that LLA, for all three loops

of an LLAS. As such, this conversion factor may be used to estimate the worst-case magnetic

field strength that would be measured with the loop antenna specified in 4.3, at a specific

measurement distance (3 m, 10 m, or 30 m) from the EUT periphery, with the loop antenna

centre at 1,3 m above the metallic ground plane of a test site, with the EUT’s lowest surface

positioned at 80 cm above the ground plane, and with the EUT rotated through all azimuth

angles, for all three loop antenna polarizations. This field strength estimation may be obtained

by adding the conversion factor of Figure C.11 and Table C.3 to the worst-case induced current

level measured from the EUT with the three loops of the LLAS, at the frequency of

measurement.

NOTE 1 Often, traditional magnetic field strength test methods (e.g. from CISPR 11 [24]) apply a loop antenna as

specified in 4.3 and positioned in a vertical plane only while the EUT is rotated only around its vertical axis. In that

case only the horizontal dipole moments, i.e. the dipole moments parallel to the ground plane, are measured.

Consequently, in case the EUT also generates vertical dipole moments, the LLAS conversion factor cannot be used

to compare the results of both measurement methods. However, the LLAS conversion factor can be used for

comparisons with the magnetic field strength measurement method results when the loop antenna of 4.3 is positioned

in a horizontal plane, in addition to the two vertical loop plane polarizations.
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020 – 11 –
© IEC 2020

If the actual position of a disturbance source within an EUT is at a distance less than 0,5 m

from the centre of the standard LLAS, the measurement results differ by less than 3 dB from

those with that source in the centre of the LLAS.

The relation between the magnetic field strength H in dB(µA/m) measured at a distance d and

the LLA current I in dB(µA) is per Equation (C.2):
H= I+ C (C.2)

where C is the current-to-field conversion factor in dB(m ) for a certain distance d when

expressing H in dB(µA/m) (see also NOTE 2).

In general, the conversion factor is frequency-dependent; Figure C.11 (and Table C.3) present

C for standard measurement distances of 3 m, 10 m, and 30 m.

If the current is measured in an LLAS with a non-standard diameter D, Equation (C.2) can be

written as Equation (C.3):
(C.3)
H= I− S + C
D dA
where H is expressed in dB(µA/m), I in dB(µA), S in dB, and C in dB(m ).
D dA

NOTE 2 For disturbance level calculations, CISPR uses the magnetic field strength H in dB(µA/m) instead of electric

field strength E in dB(µV/m). In this context, the relation between H and E is given by Equation (C.4):

E= H+ 51,5 (C.4)

where E is expressed in dB(µV/m) and H in dB(µA/m). The constant 51,5, in dB(Ω) in Equation (C.4), is explained in

the NOTE in 4.3.2.
Figure C.11 – Conversion factor C [for conversion into dB(μA/m)]
for three standard measurement distances d
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
– 12 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020
© IEC 2020
Table C.3 – Magnetic field strength conversion factor C
for three measurement distances (Figure C.11)
2 m LLAS to 2 m LLAS to 2 m LLAS to 2 m LLAS to 2 m LLAS to 2 m LLAS to
Frequency
Frequency
3 m field 10 m field 30 m field 3 m field 10 m field 30 m field
MHz
dB(1/m) dB(1/m) dB(1/m) (MHz) dB(1/m) dB(1/m) dB(1/m)
0,009 -19,77 -47,18 -75,09 7 -18,97 -42,23 -55,72
0,01 -19,77 -47,18 -75,09 8 -18,76 -41,45 -53,41
0,02 -19,77 -47,18 -75,09 9 -18,56 -40,74 -51,4
0,03 -19,77 -47,18 -75,09 10 -18,35 -40,08 -49,63
0,04 -19,77 -47,18 -75,09 11 -18,14 -39,24 -48,04
0,05 -19,77 -47,18 -75,08 12 -17,93 -37,72 -46,61
0,06 -19,77 -47,18 -75,08 13 -17,73 -36,36 -45,31
0,07 -19,77 -47,18 -75,08 14 -17,54 -35,11 -44,12
0,08 -19,77 -47,18 -75,08 15 -17,35 -33,97 -43,03
0,09 -19,77 -47,18 -75,08 16 -17,18 -32,92 -42,02
0,1 -19,77 -47,18 -75,07 17 -17,02 -31,95 -41,08
0,2 -19,77 -47,17 -75,02 18 -16,87 -31,05 -40,21
0,3 -19,77 -47,16 -74,94 19 -16,73 -30,22 -39,40
0,4 -19,77 -47,15 -74,82 20 -16,60 -29,44 -38,63
0,5 -19,76 -47,13 -74,68 21 -16,48 -28,71 -37,92
0,6 -19,76 -47,11 -74,51 22 -16,37 -28,02 -37,25
0,7 -19,76 -47,09 -74,32 23 -16,27 -27,37 -36,61
0,8 -19,76 -47,06 -74,11 24 -16,18 -26,76 -36,01
0,9 -19,75 -47,02 -73,88 25 -16,10 -26,18 -35,43
1 -19,75 -46,99 -73,64 26 -16,03 -25,62 -34,89
2 -19,69 -46,46 -70,97 27 -15,96 -25,10 -34,37
3 -19,60 -45,70 -68,52 28 -15,90 -24,59 -33,87
4 -19,48 -44,83 -65,70 29 -15,52 -24,11 -33,39
5 -19,33 -43,93 -61,65 30 -15,04 -23,64 -32,93
6 -19,15 -43,06 -58,41 - - - -
C.7 Examples

The following examples explain use of Equation (C.1), Equation (C.2), Equation (C.3),

Figure C.8, Figure C.10, and Figure C.11.

a) Given: measuring frequency f = 100 kHz, LLA diameter D = 2 m, current in LLA I = X dB(µA).

Then using Equation (C.1) and Figure C.10, it follows that:
at d = 3 m: H = [X/dB(µA) + C /dB(m )] dB(µA/m) = (X − 19,5) dB(µA/m)
at d = 3 m: E = [X/dB(µA) + C /dB(Ω/m)] dB(µV/m) = [X + (51,5 − 19,5)] dB(µV/m)

b) Given: measuring frequency f = 100 kHz, LLA diameter D = 2 m, current in LLA I = X dB(µA).

Then, using Equation (C.2) and Figure C.11 (Table C.3), it follows that:
at d = 3 m: H [dB(µA/m)] = X [dB(µA)] + C [dB(m )] = (X – 19,77) dB(µA/m)

c) Given: measuring frequency f = 100 kHz, LLA diameter D = 4 m, current in LLA I = X dB(µA).

Then, using Equation (C.1) and Figure C.10 (Table C.2), it follows that the same EUT

would induce a current:
I [dB(µA)] = X [dB(µA)] – S [dB] = X – (–12,80) = (X + 12,80) dB(µA)
in an LLA with the standard diameter D = 2 m.
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CISPR 16-1-4:2019/AMD1:2020 – 13 –
© IEC 2020
Add, after the existing Annex G, the following new Annex H:
Annex H
(informative)
Definition of uncertainty in cross-polar response measurement
H.1 General

Subclause 4.5.5 of this document describes the method of cross-polar response (XPR)

measurement for antennas with LPDA type design. This annex defines and discusses the

sources of uncertainty involved in the measurement and provides example uncertainty

estimates.

The uncertainty estimates in this annex are based on an LPDA (or hybrid) antenna that is placed

in a FAR, with elements oriented along the vertical axis (i.e. in VP), for frequencies above

100 MHz. It is anticipated that a FAR would be most suitable for this measurement; however,

the uncertainty analysis may be adapted for other facilities such as OATS or SAC. The

uncertainty estimate applies when using either a dipole antenna (below 1 GHz), or linearly-

polarized horn antenna (above 1 GHz) as the receive antenna (Rx antenna, denoted by ‘R’).

For best results, the frequency should be swept from 30 % to 150 % of the dipole’s tuned

frequency. The analysis uses linear ratio terms because the final uncertainty will always be

asymmetric for low cross-polar signals.

The AUT (transmit antenna, denoted by ‘T’) generates a primary (vertically polarized) field (E ),

and a secondary cross-polar (horizontally polarized) field (E ). Here E is the field strength,

y ISO

which would be generated by a perfect linearly-polarized source with unity gain of an isotropic

radiator, in accordance with Equation (H.1) and Equation (H.2).
η P
0 T
E = G × = G × E (H.1)
x T T
ISO
4πd
E = × E
(H.2)
ISO
xpT
where
G is the transmit antenna (AUT) gain;
η is the impedance of free space;
P is the transmit power;
d is the distance between the antennas.
NOTE 1 The XPR measurement in 4.5.5 arbitrarily
...