IEC/TR 61000-3-7

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-7: Limits - Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

This part of IEC 61000 provides guidance on principles which can be used as the basis for determining the requirements for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV public power systems (LV installations are covered in other IEC documents). For the purposes of this report, a fluctuating installation means an installation (which may be a load or a generator) that produces voltage flicker and / or rapid voltage changes. The primary objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners on engineering practices which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all connected customers. In addressing installations, this document is not intended to replace equipment standards for emission limits. This report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the system can be increased. Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum solution for all flicker situations. The recommended approach should be used with flexibility and engineering judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given assessment procedures in full or in part. The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of fluctuating installations to the system. The fluctuating installation is to be understood as the customer's complete installation (i.e. including fluctuating and non fluctuating parts). Problems related to voltage fluctuations fall into two basic categories:
- Flicker effect from light sources as a result of voltage fluctuations;
- Rapid voltage changes even within the normal operational voltage tolerances are considered as a disturbing phenomenon.
The report gives guidance for the coordination of the flicker emissions between different voltage levels in order to meet the compatibility levels at the point of utilisation. This report primarily focuses on controlling or limiting flicker, but a clause is included to address the limitation of rapid voltage changes. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996 and constitutes a technical revision. This new edition is significantly more streamlined than the original technical report (Edition 1), and reflects the experiences gained in the application of the first edition. This technical report has also been harmonised with IEC/TR 61000-3-6 and IEC/TR 61000-3-13. This Technical Report has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.

Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) - 3-7. del: Mejne vrednosti - Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo v SN, VN in EVN elektroenergetska omrežja

Ta del standarda IEC 61000 vključuje napotke glede načel, ki jih je mogoče uporabiti kot osnovo za določanje zahtev za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo v srednjenapetostna (SN) in visokonapetostna (VN) elektroenergetska omrežja ter elektroenergetska omrežja zelo visoke napetosti (EVN) (nizkonapetostne naprave so obravnavane v drugih dokumentih IEC). Naprava s spreminjajočo se močjo je za namene tega poročila naprava (ki je lahko obremenitev ali generator), ki proizvaja nihanja napetosti in/ali hitre spremembe napetosti. Glavni cilj je operaterjem ali lastnikom sistema zagotoviti napotke za inženirske prakse, kar bo olajšalo zagotavljanje ustrezne kakovosti storitev za vse priklopljene stranke. Namen tega poročila v okviru obravnavanja naprav ni nadomestitev standardov opreme za oddajne meje.

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 33.100.10 - Emission
• Technical Committee: SC 77A - EMC - Low frequency phenomena
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 22-Feb-2008
• Ref Project: SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-7: Limits - Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013
01-maj-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-3-7:2004
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVW(0&GHO0HMQHYUHGQRVWL2FHQDRGGDMQLK
PHM]DSULNORSQDSUDYVVSUHPLQMDMRþRVHPRþMRY6191LQ(91
HOHNWURHQHUJHWVNDRPUHåMD
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-7: Limits - Assessment of emission limits for
the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: IEC/TR 61000-3-7
ICS:
33.100.10 Emisija Emission
SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013

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SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013
IEC/TR 61000-3-7
Edition 2.0 2008-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 3-7: Limits – Assessment of emission limits for the connection of
fluctuating installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems




INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.100.10 ISBN 2-8318-9606-1

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SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013
– 2 – TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.7
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.8

1 Scope.9
2 Normative references .10
3 Terms and definitions .10
4 Basic EMC concepts related to voltage fluctuations.13
4.1 Compatibility levels .14
4.2 Planning levels.14
4.2.1 Indicative values of planning levels.14
4.2.2 Assessment procedure for evaluation against planning levels.15
4.3 Illustration of EMC concepts.16
4.4 Emission levels .17
5 General principles .18
5.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission .18
5.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics.18
5.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis.19
5.4 Responsibilities .19
6 General guidelines for the assessment of emission levels .19
6.1 Point of evaluation.19
6.2 Definition of flicker emission level .20
6.3 Assessment of flicker emission levels.20
6.4 Declared system short circuit power or impedance .21
6.4.1 Short-circuit power or impedance for pre-connection assessment of
emission levels.21
6.4.2 Short-circuit power or impedance for assessing actual emission
levels.21
6.5 General guidelines for assessing the declared system impedance.21
7 General summation law .21
8 Emission limits for fluctuating installations connected to MV systems .22
8.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission .22
8.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics.23
8.2.1 Global emission to be shared between the customers.23
8.2.2 Individual emission limits .24
8.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis.25
8.4 Summary diagram of the evaluation procedure .26
9 Emission limits for fluctuating installations connected to HV or EHV systems .28
9.1 Stage 1: simplified evaluation of disturbance emission .28
9.2 Stage 2: emission limits relative to actual system characteristics.28
9.2.1 Assessment of the total available power .28
9.2.2 Individual emission limits .29
9.3 Stage 3: acceptance of higher emission levels on a conditional basis.30
10 Rapid voltage changes .31
10.1 General considerations.31
10.2 Compatibility level .32

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TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 3 –
10.3 Planning levels.32
10.4 Emission limits .33
10.5 Assessment procedure for evaluation against planning levels & emission
limits .33

Annex A (informative) P = 1 curves and numerical data for 230 V and 120 V

st
applications .34
Annex B (informative) Guidelines on the assessment of flicker transfer coefficient.36
Annex C (informative) Example of reallocation of global contributions and planning
levels considering transfer coefficients.37
Annex D (informative) The use of the severity indicators A and A to simplify
st lt
calculations.39
Annex E (informative) Pre-connection and post-connection assessment of emission for
P .40
st
Annex F (informative) Addition of P from different busbars.49
st
Annex G (informative) Examples of case studies .51
Annex H (informative) List of symbols and subscripts .62

Bibliography.64

Figure 1 – Illustration of basic voltage quality concepts with time/ location statistics
covering the whole system.17
Figure 2 – Illustration of basic voltage quality concepts with time statistics relevant to
17
one site within the whole system.
Figure 3 – Example of a system for sharing global contributions at MV .23
Figure 4 – Diagram of evaluation procedure.27
Figure 5 – Determination of S for a simple HV or EHV system.28
t
Figure 6 – Determination of S for a meshed HV or EHV system .29
t
Figure 7 – Equivalent circuit and vector diagram for simple assessments .31
Figure 8 – Example rapid voltage change associated with motor starting .31
Figure 9 – Example rapid voltage change associated with capacitor switching .32
Figure A.1 – P = 1 curve for regular rectangular voltage changes [13].34
st
Figure E.1 – Shape factor curve for pulse and ramp changes .41
Figure E.2 – Shape factor curves for double-step and double-ramp changes .42
Figure E.3 – Shape factor curves for sinusoidal and triangular changes.42
Figure E.4 – Shape factor curves for aperiodic changes .43
Figure E.5 – Accounting for network loading .45
Figure E.6 – System for flicker emission assessment.47
Figure E.7 – Assessment of emission level using current measurements .48
Figure F.1 – Example of two loads fed from different busbars .49
Figure G.1 – Example of effect from a rolling mill.51
Figure G.2 – Example of effect of multiple spot welder load .53
Figure G.3 – Example profile of winder reactive power levels.57
Figure G.4 – Normal system configuration .58
Figure G.5 – Busbars coupled.59

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Figure G.6 – "n-1" system configuration.60
Figure G.7 – Operation without SVC .61

Table 1 – Compatibility levels for flicker in low voltage systems reproduced from
IEC 61000-2-2 .14
Table 2 – Indicative values of planning levels for flicker in MV, HV and EHV power
systems .15
Table 3 – Stage 1 limits for the relative changes in power as a function of the number
of changes per minute .22
Table 4 – Minimum emission limits at MV.25
Table 5 – Minimum emission limits at HV-EHV.30
Table 6 – Indicative planning levels for rapid voltage changes as a function of the
number of such changes in a given period .33
Table A.1 – Input relative voltage fluctuation ΔV/V for P =1,0 at output [13] .34
st
Table B.1 – Example of flicker transfer coefficients.36
Table D.1 – Compatibility levels for A and A in LV and MV power systems.39

st lt
Table D.2 – Indicative values of planning levels for A and A in MV, HV and EHV
st lt
power systems.39
Table G.1 – Flicker measurements for example G.3, flicker effects, normal operation .56

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SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013
TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 3-7: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating
installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems


FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC/TR 61000-3-7, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 77A: Low
frequency phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
This Technical Report forms Part 3-7 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC
1
publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107 [17].
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996 and constitutes a
technical revision.
___________
1
Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography.

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This new edition is significantly more streamlined than the original technical report (Edition 1),
and reflects the experiences gained in the application of the first edition. This technical report
has also been harmonised with IEC/TR 61000-3-6 [18] and IEC/TR 61000-3-13 [19].
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
77A/576/DTR 77A/615/RVC

Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61000 series, under the general title Electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC), can be found on the IEC website.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

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TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits
(in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of product committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts published either as International Standards
or as technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published
as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and a second
number identifying the subdivision (example: IEC 61000-6-1).

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In 2002, the IEC subcommittee 77A made a request to CIGRE Study Committee C4 and
CIRED Study Committee S2, to organize an appropriate technical forum (joint working group)
whose scope was to prepare, among other tasks, the revision of the Technical Report
IEC 61000-3-7 concerning emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to
public supply systems at MV, HV and EHV.
To this effect, Joint Working Group CIGRE C4.103/ CIRED entitled ‘’Emission Limits for
Disturbing Installations’’ was appointed in 2003. Some previous work produced by CIGRE
JWG C4.07-CIRED has been used as an input to the revision, in particular the planning levels
and associated indices, along with the experience since the technical report IEC 61000-3-7
was initially published in 1996.
Subsequent endorsement of the document by IEC was the responsibility of SC 77A.
It may also be worthwhile mentioning that another CIGRE Working Group is currently
preparing a Technical Report for reviewing the flicker measurement results available
internationally along with the flicker propagation characteristics in systems and the related
objectives (flicker levels).

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TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 9 –
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 3-7: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating
installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems



1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000 provides guidance on principles which can be used as the basis for
determining the requirements for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV and
EHV public power systems (LV installations are covered in other IEC documents). For the
purposes of this report, a fluctuating installation means an installation (which may be a load or
a generator) that produces voltage flicker and / or rapid voltage changes. The primary
objective is to provide guidance to system operators or owners on engineering practices
which will facilitate the provision of adequate service quality for all connected customers. In
addressing installations, this document is not intended to replace equipment standards for
emission limits.
This report addresses the allocation of the capacity of the system to absorb disturbances. It
does not address how to mitigate disturbances, nor does it address how the capacity of the
system can be increased.
Since the guidelines outlined in this report are necessarily based on certain simplifying
assumptions, there is no guarantee that this approach will always provide the optimum
solution for all flicker situations. The recommended approach should be used with flexibility
and engineering judgment as far as engineering is concerned, when applying the given
assessment procedures in full or in part.
The system operator or owner is responsible for specifying requirements for the connection of
fluctuating installations to the system. The fluctuating installation is to be understood as the
customer’s complete installation (i.e. including fluctuating and non fluctuating parts).
Problems related to voltage fluctuations fall into two basic categories:
• Flicker effect from light sources as a result of voltage fluctuations;
• Rapid voltage changes even within the normal operational voltage tolerances are
considered as a disturbing phenomenon.
The report gives guidance for the coordination of the flicker emissions between different
voltage levels in order to meet the compatibility levels at the point of utilisation. This report
primarily focuses on controlling or limiting flicker, but a clause is included to address the
limitation of rapid voltage changes.
NOTE The boundaries between the various voltage levels may be different for different countries (see
IEV 601-01-28) [16]. This report uses the following terms for system voltage:
− low voltage (LV) refers to Un ≤ 1 kV;
− medium voltage (MV) refers to 1 kV < Un ≤ 35 kV;
− high voltage (HV) refers to 35 kV < Un ≤ 230 kV;
− extra high voltage (EHV) refers to 230 kV < Un.
In the context of this report, the function of the system is more important than its nominal voltage. For example, a
HV system used for distribution may be given a "planning level" which is situated between those of MV and HV
systems.

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2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050(161), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 161: Electromagnetic
compatibility
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this part of IEC 61000, the following definitions apply as well as the
definitions in IEC 60050(161).
3.1
agreed power
value of the apparent power of the disturbing installation on which the customer and the
system operator or owner agree. In the case of several points of connection, a different value
may be defined for each connection point
3.2
customer
a person, company or organization that operates an installation connected to, or entitled to be
connected to, a supply system by a system operator or owner
3.3
(electromagnetic) disturbance
any electromagnetic phenomenon which, by being present in the electromagnetic
environment, can cause electrical equipment to depart from its intended performance
3.4
disturbance level
the amount or magnitude of an electromagnetic disturbance measured and evaluated in a
specified way
3.5
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment
without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment
NOTE 1 Electromagnetic compatibility is a condition of the electromagnetic environment such that, for every
phenomenon, the disturbance emission level is sufficiently low and immunity levels are sufficiently high so that all
devices, equipment and systems operate as intended.
NOTE 2 Electromagnetic compatibility is achieved only if emission and immunity levels are controlled such that
the immunity levels of the devices, equipment and systems at any location are not exceeded by the disturbance
level at that location resulting from the cumulative emissions of all sources and other factors such as circuit
impedances. Conventionally, compatibility is said to exist if the probability of the departure from intended
performance is sufficiently low. See Clause 4 of IEC 61000-2-1 [20].
NOTE 3 Where the context requires it, compatibility may be understood to refer to a single disturbance or class of
disturbances.
NOTE 4 Electromagnetic compatibility is a term used also to describe the field of study of the adverse
electromagnetic effects which devices, equipment and systems undergo from each other or from electromagnetic
phenomena.

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TR 61000-3-7 © IEC:2008(E) – 11 –
3.6
(electromagnetic) compatibility level
specified electromagnetic disturbance level used as a reference level in a specified
environment for coordination in the setting of emission and immunity limits
NOTE By convention, the compatibility level is chosen so that there is only a small probability (for example 5%)
that it will be exceeded by the actual disturbance level.
3.7
emission
phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source of electromagnetic
disturbance
[IEV 161-01-08 modified]
NOTE For the purpose of this report, emission refers to phenomena or conducted electromagnetic disturbances
that can cause flicker or fluctuations of the supply voltage.
3.8
emission level
level of a given electromagnetic disturbance emitted from a particular device, equipment,
system or disturbing installation as a whole, assessed and measured in a specified manner
3.9
emission limit
maximum emission level specified for a particular device, equipment, system or disturbing
installation as a whole
3.10
flicker
impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light stimulus whose luminance
or spectral distribution fluctuates with time
NOTE Flicker is the effect on the incandescent lamps while the electromagnetic phenomenon causing it is
referred as voltage fluctuations.
3.11
fluctuating installation
an electrical installation as a whole (i.e. including fluctuating and non-fluctuating parts) which
is characterized by repeated or sudden power fluctuations, or start-up or inrush currents
which can produce flicker or rapid voltage changes on the supply system to which it is
connected
NOTE For the purpose of this report, all references to fluctuating installations not only include loads, but also
generating plants.
3.12
fundamental frequency
frequency in the spectrum obtained from a Fourier transform of a time function, to which all
the frequencies of the spectrum are referred. For the purpose of this technical report, the
fundamental frequency is the same as the power supply frequency
NOTE In the case of a periodic function, the fundamental frequency is generally equal to the frequency of the
function itself.
3.13
generating plant
any equipment that produces electricity together with any directly connected or associated
equipment such as a unit transformer or converter

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3.14
...

SLOVENSKI SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7

STANDARD
maj 2013












Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 3-7. del: Mejne vrednosti –
Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo
v SN, VN in EVN elektroenergetska omrežja

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-7: Limits –
Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations
to MV, HV and EHV power systems






















Referenčna oznaka
ICS 33.100.10 SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013 (sl)


Nadaljevanje na straneh 2 do 65



© 2017-07. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
NACIONALNI UVOD

Tehnično poročilo SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 (sl), Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 3-7. del:
Mejne vrednosti – Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo v SN, VN in EVN
elektroenergetska omrežja, 2013, ima status slovenskega tehničnega poročila in je istovetno
mednarodnemu tehničnemu poročilu IEC/TR 61000-3-7 (en), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 3-7: Limits – Assessment of emission limits for the connection of fluctuating installations to MV, HV
and EHV power systems, ed. 2.0, 2008.

To tehnično poročilo nadomešča SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-3-7:2004.

NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR

Mednarodno tehnično poročilo IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2008 je pripravil tehnični odbor Mednarodne
elektrotehniške komisije IEC/TC 77A Nizkofrekvenčni pojavi.

Slovensko tehnično poročilo SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013 je prevod mednarodnega tehničnega
poročila IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2008. V primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem
dokumentu je odločilno izvirno mednarodno tehnično poročilo v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo
tehničnega poročila je potrdil tehnični odbor SIST/TC EMC Elektromagnetna združljivost.

Odločitev za privzem tega tehničnega poročila je v aprilu 2013 sprejel tehnični odbor SIST/TC EMC
Elektromagnetna združljivost.

ZVEZE S STANDARDI
S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:
SIST IEC 60050-161 Mednarodni elektrotehniški slovar (IEV) – 161. del: Elektromagnetna
združljivost
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO

– privzem tehničnega poročila IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2008

PREDHODNA IZDAJA

– SIST-TP IEC/TR3 61000-3-7:2004

OPOMBI:

– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz "mednarodno tehnična poročilo", v SIST-TP
IEC/TR 61000-3-7:2013 to pomeni "slovensko tehnično poročilo".

– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del tehničnega poročila.

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VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor .6
Uvod .8
Potrdilo .9
1 Področje uporabe .10
2 Zveze s standardi .10
3 Izrazi in definicije .11
4 Osnovni pojmi EMC, povezani s kolebanjem napetosti .14
4.1 Ravni združljivosti .15
4.2 Ravni načrtovanja .15
4.2.1 Okvirne vrednosti ravni načrtovanja .15
4.2.2 Postopek ocenjevanja za vrednotenje glede na ravni načrtovanja .16
4.3 Ponazoritev konceptov EMC .17
4.4 Oddajne ravni .18
5 Splošna načela .18
5.1 Stopnja 1: poenostavljeno vrednotenje oddajanja motnje.18
5.2 Stopnja 2: oddajne meje glede na dejanske značilnosti sistema .19
5.3 Stopnja 3: sprejetje višjih oddajnih ravni pod posebnimi pogoji .19
5.4 Odgovornosti .19
6 Splošne smernice za ocenjevanje oddajnih ravni .20
6.1 Mesto vrednotenja .20
6.2 Definicija oddajne ravni flikerja .20
6.3 Ocena oddajnih ravni flikerja .20
6.4 Deklarirana kratkostična moč ali impedanca omrežja .21
6.4.1 Kratkostična moč ali impedanca za ocenjevanje oddajnih ravni pred priključitvijo .21
6.4.2 Kratkostična moč ali impedanca za ocenjevanje dejanskih oddajnih ravni .21
6.5 Splošne smernice za ocenjevanje deklarirane impedance omrežja .21
7 Splošni sumirni zakon .21
8 Oddajne meje za postroje s spreminjajočo se močjo, priključene v SN-omrežja .22
8.1 Stopnja 1: poenostavljeno vrednotenje oddajanja motenj.22
8.2 Stopnja 2: oddajne meje glede na dejanske značilnosti omrežja .23
8.2.1 Globalna oddajanja, ki se razdelijo med uporabniki .23
8.2.2 Posamezne oddajne meje .24
8.3 Stopnja 3: sprejemanje višjih oddajnih ravni pod posebnimi pogoji .25
8.4 Povzetek postopka vrednotenja .26
9 Oddajne meje za postroje s spreminjajočo se močjo, priključene v VN- ali EVN-omrežja .28
9.1 Stopnja 1: poenostavljeno vrednotenje oddajanja motenj.28
9.2 Stopnja 2: oddajne meje glede na dejanske značilnosti omrežja .28
9.2.1 Ocena celotne razpoložljive moči . 28
9.2.2 Posamezne oddajne meje .29
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9.3 Stopnja 3: sprejetje višjih oddajnih ravni pod posebnimi pogoji .30
10 Nagle napetostne spremembe .30
10.1 Splošni vidiki .30
10.2 Raven združljivosti .31
10.3 Ravni načrtovanja .32
10.4 Oddajne meje .32
10.5 Postopek ocenjevanja za vrednotenje glede na ravni načrtovanja in oddajne meje .33
Dodatek A (informativni): Krivulje P = 1 in številčni podatki za uporabo 230 V in 120 V .34
st
Dodatek B (informativni): Smernice za ocenjevanje koeficienta prenosa flikerja .36
Dodatek C (informativni): Primer prerazporeditve globalnih prispevkov in ravni načrtovanja
ob upoštevanju koeficientov prenosa .37
Dodatek D (informativni): Uporaba indikatorjev jakosti A in A za poenostavitev izračuna .39
st lt
Dodatek E (informativni): Ocena oddajanja za P pred priključitvijo in po njej .40
st
Dodatek F (informativni): Seštevanje P iz različnih zbiralk .49
st
Dodatek G (informativni): Študijski primeri .51
Dodatek H (informativni): Seznam simbolov in indeksov .62
Literatura.64

Slika 1: Ponazoritev osnovnih konceptov kakovosti napetosti s statistiko časa/lokacije,
ki velja za celotno omrežje .17
Slika 2: Ponazoritev osnovnih konceptov kakovosti napetosti s statistiko časa, ki se nanaša
na eno mesto znotraj celotnega omrežja .17
Slika 3: Primer omrežja za souporabo globalnih prispevkov pri srednji napetosti .23
Slika 4: Shema postopka vrednotenja .27
Slika 5: Ugotavljanje S za preprosto VN- ali EVN-omrežje .28
t
Slika 6: Ugotavljanje S za zazankana VN- ali EVN-omrežja .29
t
Slika 7: Nadomestno vezje in vektorski diagram za enostavno ocenjevanje .31
Slika 8: Primer nagle napetostne spremembe, povezane z zagonom motorja .31
Slika 9: Primer nagle napetostne spremembe, povezane s preklopom kondenzatorja .31
Slika A.1: Krivulja P = 1 za pravilne pravokotne napetostne spremembe [13] .34
st
Slika E.1: Krivulji faktorjev oblike za impulzne spremembe in spremembe po rampi .41
Slika E.2: Krivulji faktorjev oblike za dvojno stopničaste spremembe in spremembe
po dvojni rampi .42
Slika E.3: Krivulji faktorjev oblike za sinusne in trikotne spremembe .42
Slika E.4: Krivulje faktorjev oblike za neperiodične spremembe .43
Slika E.5: Upoštevanje obremenitve omrežja.45
Slika E.6: Sistem za ocenjevanje oddajanja flikerja .46
Slika E.7: Ocenjevanje oddajne ravni z merjenjem toka .47
Slika F.1: Primer dveh bremen, napajanih iz različnih zbiralk .49
Slika G.1: Primer učinka valjarne .51
Slika G.2: Primer učinka večtočkovnih varilnikov .53
Slika G.3: Primer profila ravni jalove moči dvigala .57
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Slika G.4: Normalna konfiguracija omrežja (v normalnem obratovalnem stanju) .58
Slika G.5: Spojene zbiralke .59
Slika G.6: Konfiguracija omrežja "n-1" .60
Slika G.7: Obratovanje brez SVC .61

Preglednica 1: Ravni združljivosti za fliker v nizkonapetostnih omrežjih, povzeto iz IEC 61000-2-2 .15
Preglednica 2: Okvirne vrednosti ravni načrtovanja za fliker v SN-, VN- in EVN-elektroenergetskih
omrežjih .15
Preglednica 3: Omejitve stopnje 1 za relativne spremembe moči kot funkcije števila sprememb
na minuto .22
Preglednica 4: Najmanjše oddajne meje pri srednji napetosti .25
Preglednica 5: Najmanjše oddajne meje pri VN-EVN .30
Preglednica 6: Okvirne ravni načrtovanja za nagle napetostne spremembe kot funkcija
števila takšnih sprememb v danem obdobju .32
Preglednica A.1: Relativne spremembe napetosti ∆V/V na vhodu pri P = 1,0 na izhodu [13] .34
ST
Preglednica B.1: Primeri koeficientov prenosa flikerja .36
Preglednica D.1: Ravni združljivosti za Ast in Alt v NN- in SN-elektroenergetskih omrežjih .39
Preglednica D.2: Okvirne vrednosti za ravni načrtovanja za A in A v SN-, VN- in
st lt
EVN-elektroenergetskih omrežjih .39
Preglednica G.1: Meritve flikerja za primer G.3, učinki flikerja, normalno obratovanje .56
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SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
MEDNARODNA ELEKTROTEHNIŠKA KOMISIJA


Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) – 3-7. del: Mejne vrednosti –
Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s spreminjajočo se močjo
v SN, VN in EVN elektroenergetska omrežja

PREDGOVOR

1) IEC (Mednarodna elektrotehniška komisija) je svetovna organizacija za standardizacijo, ki združuje vse nacionalne
elektrotehnične komiteje (nacionalni komiteji IEC). Cilj IEC je pospeševati mednarodno sodelovanje v vseh vprašanjih
standardizacije s področja elektrotehnike in elektronike. V ta namen poleg drugih aktivnosti izdaja mednarodne standarde,
tehnične specifikacije, tehnična poročila, javnosti dostopne specifikacije (PAS) in vodila (v nadaljevanju: publikacije IEC). Za
njihovo pripravo so odgovorni tehnični odbori. Vsak nacionalni komite IEC, ki ga zanima obravnavana tema, lahko sodeluje v
tem pripravljalnem delu. Prav tako lahko v pripravi sodelujejo mednarodne organizacije ter vladne in nevladne ustanove, ki
so povezane z IEC. IEC deluje v tesni povezavi z mednarodno organizacijo za standardizacijo ISO skladno s pogoji,
določenimi v soglasju med obema organizacijama.
2) Uradne odločitve ali sporazumi IEC o tehničnih vprašanjih, pripravljeni v tehničnih odborih, v katerih so prisotni vsi nacionalni
komiteji, ki jih tema zanima, izražajo, kolikor je mogoče, mednarodno soglasje o obravnavani temi.
3) Publikacije IEC imajo obliko priporočil za njihovo uporabo na mednarodni ravni in jih kot takšne sprejmejo nacionalni komiteji
IEC. Čeprav IEC skuša na vse primerne načine zagotavljati točnost tehničnih vsebin v publikacijah IEC, IEC ne more biti
odgovoren za način, kako se določila uporabljajo, ter za morebitne napačne razlage končnih uporabnikov.
4) Da bi pospeševali mednarodno poenotenje, so se nacionalni komiteji IEC zavezali, da bodo v svojih nacionalnih in regionalnih
standardih čim pregledneje uporabljali mednarodne standarde. Vsako odstopanje med standardom IEC in ustreznim
nacionalnim ali regionalnim standardom je treba v slednjem jasno označiti.
5) IEC ni določil nobenega postopka označevanja, ki bi kazal na njegovo potrditev, in ne more biti odgovoren za katerokoli
opremo, ki bi bila deklarirana kot skladna z eno od njegovih publikacij.
6) Vsi uporabniki naj bi si zagotovili zadnjo izdajo teh publikacij.
7) IEC ali njegovi direktorji, zaposleni, uslužbenci ali agenti, vključno s samostojnimi strokovnjaki ter člani tehničnih odborov in
nacionalnih komitejev IEC, ne prevzemajo nobene odgovornosti za kakršnokoli osebno poškodbo, škodo na premoženju ali
katerokoli drugo škodo kakršnekoli vrste, bodisi posredne ali neposredne, ali za stroške (vključno z zakonitim lastništvom) in
izdatke, povezane s publikacijo, njeno uporabo ali zanašanjem na to publikacijo IEC ali katerokoli drugo publikacijo IEC.
8) Pozornost je treba posvetiti normativnim virom, na katere se sklicuje ta publikacija. Uporaba navedenih publikacij je nujna za
pravilno uporabo te publikacije.
9) Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da bi lahko bil kateri od elementov tega mednarodnega standarda predmet patentnih pravic.
IEC ni odgovoren za identificiranje nobene od teh patentnih pravic.
Glavna naloga tehničnih odborov IEC je priprava mednarodnih standardov. Vendar pa lahko tehnični
odbor predlaga objavo tehničnega poročila, ko je zbral podatke, drugačne vrste od tistih, ki so navadno
objavljeni kot mednarodni standard, na primer "stanje tehnike".
IEC/TR 61000-3-7, ki je tehnično poročilo, je pripravil pododbor IEC/SC 77A Nizkofrekvenčni pojavi pri
tehničnem odboru IEC/TC 77 Elektromagnetna združljivost.
To tehnično poročilo predstavlja 3-7. del standarda IEC 61000. Ima status osnovne publikacije EMC v
1)
skladu z IEC Vodilom 107 [17].
Ta druga izdaja razveljavlja in nadomešča prvo izdajo, ki je bila objavljena v letu 1996, in predstavlja
tehnično revizijo.
Ta nova izdaja je bistveno učinkovitejša od originalnega tehničnega poročila (1. izdaja) in odraža
izkušnje, pridobljene pri uporabi prve izdaje. To tehnično poročilo je bilo tudi harmonizirano z IEC/TR
61000-3-6 [18] in IEC/TR 61000-3-13 [19].

1)
Številke v oglatih oklepajih se nanašajo na Literaturo.
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Besedilo tega standarda je osnovano na naslednjih dokumentih:
Osnutek za povpraševanje Poročilo o glasovanju
77A/576/DTR 77A/615/RVC

Vse informacije o glasovanju za potrditev tega standarda lahko najdete v poročilu o glasovanju,
navedenem v gornji preglednici.

Seznam vseh delov skupine IEC 61000, objavljene pod splošnim naslovom Elektromagnetna
združljivost (EMC), lahko najdete na spletni strani IEC.

Ta publikacija je bila pripravljena v skladu z 2. delom Direktiv ISO/IEC.

Tehnični odbor je sklenil, da bo vsebina te publikacije ostala nespremenjena do datuma, določenega za
zaključek periodičnega pregleda, ki je določen na spletni strani IEC "http://webstore.iec.ch" pri podatkih
za to publikacijo. Po tem datumu bo publikacija:
– ponovno potrjena,
– razveljavljena,
– zamenjana z novo izdajo ali
– dopolnjena.
Dvojezična verzija te publikacije bo morda izdana pozneje.

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SIST-TP IEC/TR 61000-3-7 : 2013
UVOD

Standard IEC 61000 je objavljen v ločenih delih ustrezno z naslednjo strukturo:
1. del: Splošno
Splošni vidiki (uvod, temeljna načela)
Definicije, terminologija
2. del: Okolje
Opis okolja
Klasifikacija okolja
Ravni skladnosti
3. del: Mejne vrednosti
Mejne vrednosti emisij
Mejne vrednosti odpornosti (dokler niso uvrščene v delovno področje odborov za proizvode)
4. del: Preskusne in merilne tehnike
Merilne tehnike
Preskusne tehnike
5. del: Navodila za namestitev in blaženje
Navodila za namestitev
Metode in naprave za blaženje
6. del: Osnovni standardi
9. del: Razno
Vsak del je v nadaljevanju razdeljen v več delov, ki so objavljeni kot mednarodni standardi ali kot
tehnična poročila/specifikacije, nekateri od njih so bili objavljeni tudi kot sekcije. Drugi bodo objavljeni s
številko dela, ki ji sledita črtica in druga številka, ki označuje poddelitev (na primer: 61000-6-1).

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POTRDILO

Leta 2002 je pododbor IEC/SC 77A zaprosil študijski odbor C4 CIGRE in študijski odbor S2 CIRED za
organizacijo primernega tehničnega foruma (skupne delovne skupine), katerega naloga bi bila med
drugim tudi pripraviti revizijo tehničnega poročila IEC 61000-3-7 glede oddajnih meja za priklop postrojev
s spreminjajočo se močjo v srednje-, visoko- in ekstremno visokonapetostna javna elektroenergetska
omrežja.

Na tej podlagi je bila leta 2003 ustanovljena združena delovna skupina CIGRE C4.103/CIRED z nazivom
"Emission Limits for Disturbing Installations" (Mejne vrednosti oddajanja motečih postrojev). Kot podlaga
za to revizijo je bilo uporabljenih nekaj rezultatov dela skupine CIGRE JWG C4.07-CIRED, še posebej
ravni načrtovanja in pripadajoči indikatorji, skupaj z izkušnjami, odkar je bilo tehnično poročilo IEC
61000-3-7 prvič objavljeno leta 1996.

Poznejša uveljavitev dokumenta pri IEC je bila dolžnost pododbora IEC/SC 77A.

Mogoče bi bilo vredno omeniti še, da druga delovna skupina CIGRE trenutno pripravlja tehnično poročilo
za pregled rezultatov meritev flikerja, opravljenih mednarodno skupaj s karakteristiko širjenja flikerja v
sistemu in povezanimi cilji (ravni flikerja).


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ELEKTROMAGNETNA ZDRUŽLJIVOST (EMC)
3-7. del: Mejne vrednosti – Ocena oddajnih mej za priklop naprav s
spreminjajočo se močjo v SN, VN in EVN elektroenergetska omrežja


1 Področje uporabe

Ta del IEC 61000 podaja napotke o načinih, ki se lahko uporabljajo kot podlaga za določanje zahtev za
priklop postrojev s spreminjajočo se močjo v srednje-, visoko- in ekstremno visokonapetostna javna
elektroenergetska omrežja (nizkonapetostni postroji so zajeti v drugih dokumentih IEC). Postroj v tem
poročilu pomeni postroj s spreminjajočo se močjo (porabniški ali proizvodni), ki povzroča napetostni fliker
in/ali nagle napetostne spremembe. Primarni cilj je sistemskim operaterjem oziroma lastnikom zagotoviti
napotke o inženirski praksi, ki bodo podali uporabne napotke za primerno kakovost napajanja za vse
priključene uporabnike omrežja. Pri obravnavanju postrojev ta dokument nima namena, da bi zamenjal
standarde za opremo glede oddajnih mej.

To poročilo obravnava dodeljevanje zmogljivosti sistema za absorbiranje motenj. Ne obravnava načina
zmanjševanja motenj niti ne načina za povečanje zmogljivosti sistema.

Ker smernice, opisane v tem poročilu, nujno temeljijo na nekaterih predpostavkah poenostavitev, ni
nobenega jamstva, da bo ta pristop vedno zagotavljal optimalno rešitev za vse situacije glede flikerja.
Priporočeni pristop naj se v smislu inženirstva uporablja fleksibilno in z inženirsko presojo, kadar se
navedeni postopki uporabljajo v celoti ali samo delno.

Sistemski operater ali lastnik je odgovoren za določitev zahtev za priklop postrojev s spreminjajočo se močjo
v sistem. Postroj s spreminjajočo se močjo je treba razumeti kot celoten uporabnikov postroj (z deli s
spreminjajočo se in nespreminjajočo se močjo).

Težave, povezane s kolebanjem napetosti, se lahko delijo v dve osnovni kategoriji:
– fliker zaradi svetlobnih virov kot rezultat kolebanja napetosti;
– nagle napetostne spremembe, tudi v okviru običajnih napetostnih mej, se štejejo za moteč pojav.

Poročilo daje napotke za usklajevanje oddajanja flikerja med različnimi napetostnimi nivoji, da se doseže
raven združljivosti na mestu uporabe. To poročilo se osredotoča predvsem na nadzorovanje ali
omejevanje flikerja, vendar je vključen tudi del, ki se nanaša na omejevanje naglih napetostnih
sprememb.

OPOMBA: Meje med posameznimi napetostnimi nivoji so lahko različne za različne države (glej IEV 601-01-28 [16]. To
poročilo uporablja naslednje izraze za napetost omrežja:
- nizka napetost (NN, v enačbah LV) se nanaša na U < 1 kV;
n
- srednja napetost (SN, v enačbah MV) se nanaša na 1 kV < U < 35 kV;
n
- visoka napetost (VN, v enačbah HV) se nanaša na 35 kV < U < 230 kV;
n
- ekstremno visoka napetost (EVN, v enačbah EHV) se nanaša na 230 kV < U .
n

V tem poročilu je funkcija omrežja pomembnejša od njegove nazivne napetosti. Na primer, VN-omrežje,
ki se uporablja za distribucijo, ima lahko "raven načrtovanja" med tistimi za SN- in VN-omrežja.

2 Zveze s standardi

Za uporabo tega standarda so nujno potrebni spodaj navedeni referenčni dokumenti. Pri datiranih
sklicevanjih se uporablja le navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja
publikacije (vključno z dopolnili).
IEC 60050(161) Mednarodni elektrotehniški slovar (IEV) – 161. del: Elektromagnetna
združljivost
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3 Izrazi in definicije

V tem delu IEC 61000 se uporabljajo izrazi in definicije, podani v IEC 60050(161), ter tudi naslednje
definicije.

3.1
dogovorjena moč
vrednost navidezne moči motečega postroja, za katero se dogovorita uporabnik omrežja in sistemski
operater oziroma lastnik omrežja. V primeru več priključnih mestih (več prevzemno-predajnih mest) je
lahko vrednost za vsako tako mesto različna

3.2
uporabnik omrežja
oseba, podjetje ali organizacija, ki je operater postroja in je priključen oziroma ima pravico biti priključen
na napajalno omrežje sistemskega operaterja oziroma lastnika

3.3
(elektromagnetna) motnja
vsak elektromagnetni pojav, katerega prisotnost v elektromagnetnem okolju lahko povzroči odstopanje
električne opreme od njenega predvidenega delovanja

3.4
raven motnje
količina ali velikost elektromagnetne motnje, merjena in ovrednotena na specifičen način

3.5
elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC)
zmožnost opreme ali sistema, da deluje zadovoljivo v svojem elektromagnetnem okolju brez vnašanja
nevzdržnih elektromagnetnih motenj ničemur v tem okolju

OPOMBA 1: Elektromagnetna združljivost je takšno stanje v elektromagnetnem okolju, da je za vsak pojav raven oddajane
motnje dovolj nizka in ravni odpornosti dovolj visoke, da vse naprave, oprema in sistemi delujejo, kot je
predvideno.

OPOMBA 2: Elektromagnetna združljivost je dosežena samo, če so oddajne in odpornostne ravni nadzorovane tako, da
odpornostne ravni naprav, opreme in sistemov na nobeni lokaciji niso presežene z ravnjo motenj na tej lokaciji, ki
je posledica kumulativnega oddajanja vseh virov in drugih dejavnikov, kot so npr. impedance omrežja. Navadno
se reče, da obstaja združljivost, če je verjetnost za odstopanje od predvidenega delovanja zadovoljivo nizka. Glej
točko 4 v IEC 61000-2-1 [20].

OPOMBA 3: Kjer kontekst to zahteva, se lahko združljivost nanaša na posamezno motnjo ali vrsto motenj.

OPOMBA 4: Elektromagnetna združljivost je izraz, ki se uporablja tudi na področju študija neželenih elektromagnetnih učinkov,
ki so jim medsebojno izpostavljene naprave, oprema ali sistemi ali nanje vplivajo elektromagnetni pojavi.

3.6
raven (elektromagnetne) združljivosti
določena raven elektromagnetnih motenj, ki je uporabljena kot referenčna raven v določenem okolju za
koordinacijo pri določitvi oddajnih in odpornostnih meja

OPOMBA: Navadno je raven združljivosti izbrana tako, da obstaja samo majhna verjetnost (na primer 5 %), da jo bo dejanska
raven motenj presegala.

3.7
oddajanje
pojav, pri katerem elektromagnetna energija izvira iz vira elektromagnetne motnje

[IEV 161-01-08, spremenjen]

OPOMBA: V tem poročilu se oddajanje nanaša na pojave ali na prevajane
...