ISO/IEC TR 30189-2:2026

• Abstract:

  ISO/IEC TR 30189-2:2026 describes the use cases for IoT-based management of tangible cultural heritage assets, which builds upon the framework provided in ISO/IEC TR 30189-1:2025.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-Sep-2026
• ICS: 35.020 - Information technology (IT) in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41 - Internet of Things and Digital Twin
• Drafting Committee: WG 5 - ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41/WG 5
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 25-Sep-2026
• Completion Date: 16-Oct-2026

ISO/IEC TR 30189-2
Edition 1.0 2026-09
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Internet of Things (IoT) - IoT-based management of tangible cultural heritage
assets -
Part 2: Use cases
ICS 35.020  ISBN 978-2-8327-1503-1

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Abbreviated terms. 6
5 Use case scenarios. 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Status monitoring . 7
5.3 Intrusion detection . 8
5.4 Location tracking . 8
6 IoT-based management functions for use case scenarios . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Status monitoring . 9
6.3 Intrusion detection . 10
6.4 Location tracking . 10
7 Operation flows for use case scenarios . 11
7.1 Status monitoring . 11
7.2 Intrusion detection . 12
7.3 Location tracking . 14
Annex A (informative) Use case description . 16
A.1 General . 16
A.2 Name of use case . 16
A.3 IoT application area and context of use . 16
A.4 Scope of use case . 16
A.5 Objectives of use case . 16
A.6 Narrative of use case . 17
A.7 Actors. 17
Annex B (informative) Examples of test bed experimentation . 18
B.1 General . 18
B.2 IoT devices . 18
B.3 Database on management of cultural heritage assets . 19
B.4 Applications for management of cultural heritage assets . 21
Annex C (informative) Historic building information modelling. 23
C.1 General . 23
C.2 Case study template of HBIM . 23
C.3 Example case study: Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris . 24
C.3.1 General information. 24
C.3.2 Main use of HBIM . 25
C.3.3 Description of HBIM project. 25
C.3.4 Main improvements beyond the state of the art . 27
C.3.5 Replication potential . 27
C.3.6 Data organization . 28
C.3.7 Use of software. 29
C.3.8 Open questions/requests . 29
Bibliography . 30
Figure 1 – Use case scenarios and goals . 7
Figure 2 – Status monitoring with measurement and observation . 8
Figure 3 – Intrusion detection with surveillance and notification . 8
Figure 4 – Location tracking of cultural heritage assets . 9
Figure 5 – Operational flows for status monitoring. 12
Figure 6 – Operational flows for intrusion detection . 13
Figure 7 – Operational flows for location tracking . 14
Figure B.1 – IoT devices used for outdoor monitoring with solar power supply . 18
Figure B.2 – IoT sensors used for location tracking . 18
Figure B.3 – Database for management of cultural heritage assets . 19
Figure B.4 – Example of applications for management of cultural heritage assets . 21
Figure B.5 – Example of mobile applications for management . 22
Figure C.1 – Axonometric view of the BIM model of Notre-Dame Cathedral . 24
Figure C.2 – Section of the BIM model of the ambulatory area . 26
Figure C.3 – Elevation of the north nave triforium with superimposition of the point
cloud and the BIM model . 27
Figure C.4 – 3D view of the BIM model in black and white . 28

Table 1 – Functional operations by system components for status monitoring . 11
Table 2 – Functional operations by system components for intrusion detection . 13
Table 3 – Functional operations by system components for location tracking . 14
Table A.1 – Actors in IoT-based management of tangible cultural heritage assets . 17

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Internet of Things (IoT) - IoT-based management of tangible cultural
heritage assets -
Part 2: Use cases
FOREWORD
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ISO/IEC TR 30189-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 41: Internet of Things and Digital
Twin, of ISO/IEC joint technical committee 1: Information technology. It is a Technical Report.
The text of Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
JTC1-SC41/619/DTR JTC1-SC41/643/RVDTR
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Technical Report is English.

This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, and the ISO/IEC Directives, JTC 1 Supplement
available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs and www.iso.org/directives
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 30189 series, published under the general title Internet of
Things (IoT) - IoT-based management of tangible cultural heritage assets, can be found on the
IEC and ISO websites.
INTRODUCTION
Cultural heritage assets refer to museums, historical landmarks, artworks, and other culturally
significant artefacts. Managing these assets contributes to their preservation and ensures long-
term accessibility for future generations. Cultural heritage management includes activities
that prevent damage, deterioration and theft by applying appropriate preservation and
protection measures; see ISO 21127:2014 [1], EN 15898:2019 [2], EN 15757:2010 [3] and EN
16893:2018 [4] for more information.
IoT technology supports the management of tangible cultural heritage assets. In particular, IoT-
based sensing, monitoring, and location tracking can improve the effectiveness of asset
management; see ISO/IEC TR 22417:2017 [5] and ISO/IEC 30141:2018 [6] for more
information.
In status monitoring, IoT technology enables tracking of the condition of cultural heritage assets,
such as temperature and humidity levels in museums. Monitoring environmental conditions
helps prevent damage and deterioration, as certain factors can negatively affect valuable
assets. Real-time monitoring enables timely corrective actions and supports preservation under
appropriate conditions.
In intrusion detection, IoT technology is utilized to identify the presence of unauthorized animals
or persons. This capability is crucial for protecting cultural heritage assets, especially those in
remote locations that are susceptible to damage from intrusions. When a camera or sensor
detects an intruder, the system issues an alert, enabling a swift response to secure the asset.
In location tracking, IoT technology enables real-time monitoring of asset location and
movement through the application of suitable sensors. This helps prevent theft and ensures
proper protection of valuable assets. For example, when an artefact is removed from its display,
the IoT sensor can trigger an alert, making possible prompt action to secure the asset.
This document describes the use of IoT technology for the management of cultural heritage
assets. It provides information and guidelines for developing platforms and services that support
IoT-based cultural heritage management.
The ISO/IEC TR 30189 series [7] consists of two parts.
– Part 1 describes a framework for the use of IoT technology for management of tangible
cultural heritage assets, which includes the associated functional entities and information
flows.
– Part 2 describes a set of use cases for IoT-based management of tangible cultural heritage
assets, based on the framework.
1 Scope
This document describes the use cases for IoT-based management of tangible cultural heritage
assets, which builds upon the framework provided in ISO/IEC TR 30189-1:2025 [8].
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
cultural heritage
legacy of physical objects and intangible attributes of a group or a society that are inherited
from past generations, maintained and protected in the present and preserved for future
generations
[SOURCE: ISO 18461:2016 [9], 2.1.3]
3.2
Internet of Things
infrastructure of interconnected entities, people, systems and information resources together
with services which processes and reacts to information from the physical world and virtual
world
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20924:2024 [10], 3.2.8]
4 Abbreviated terms
BIM building information modelling
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
HBIM historic building information modelling
IoT Internet of Things
PII personally identifiable information
SMS Short Message Service
5 Use case scenarios
5.1 General
Based on the framework outlined in ISO/IEC TR 30189-1:2025 [8], this document presents
specific use cases for IoT-based management of tangible cultural heritage assets. It focuses
on standalone cultural heritage assets (e.g. individual items not part of a larger managed
collection). Standalone cultural heritage assets refer to individual tangible assets that are not
managed as part of a centralized institutional collection. These assets often require unique
preservation strategies due to limited institutional support or resources compared to those
within larger collections.
This document explores three primary use cases for IoT-based cultural heritage management:
– status monitoring 5.2;
– intrusion detection 5.3;
– location tracking 5.4.
Figure 1 describes the scenarios and goals for the three use cases: status monitoring, intrusion
detection, and location tracking. Status monitoring involves monitoring the status of devices,
cultural heritage assets, and their surrounding environments, aiming to protect the assets from
disasters and detect any natural deterioration early. Intrusion detection focuses on identifying
unauthorized objects, such as people or animals, and gathering relevant data to safeguard the
cultural assets. Location tracking is concerned with providing real-time location information to
facilitate the recovery of movable cultural heritage items.

Figure 1 – Use case scenarios and goals
These scenarios directly contribute to achieving the goals outlined in the rightmost column of
the figure. The use cases of status monitoring and intrusion detection are essential for the
preservation and protection of cultural heritage assets. Location tracking, on the other hand, is
particularly valuable for the restoration of movable cultural heritage items. Figure 1 clearly
illustrates the logical progression from use cases to the realization of specific goals,
emphasizing the pivotal role of IoT-based solutions in cultural heritage management. See
Annex A for use case description, Annex B for some examples of test bed experimentation, and
Annex C for historic building information modelling.
5.2 Status monitoring
Figure 2 illustrates the use case scenario for status monitoring of cultural heritage assets. IoT
technology can be employed to monitor the condition of these assets, such as temperature and
humidity levels in a museum, using a variety of sensors. Sensor data collected from devices
are transmitted to the platform for processing and subsequently made available to applications
for visualization and decision support. This is important because certain environmental
conditions can lead to damage and deterioration. By real-time monitoring, corrective actions
can be implemented to prevent damage and preserve assets in optimal conditions. An IoT
platform, see ISO/IEC TR 30189-1:2025 [8], can be utilized to store relevant data and process
events to ensure the conservation of cultural heritage. The monitored status information is then
delivered to the associated application.
Figure 2 – Status monitoring with measurement and observation
5.3 Intrusion detection
Figure 3 illustrates the use case scenario for intrusion detection by unauthorized animals or
persons. Cultural heritage assets, especially standalone ones in rural or remote environments,
are vulnerable to damage from such intrusions. To prevent this, the cultural heritage
management system must be capable of detecting unauthorized intruders or animals and
issuing appropriate warnings. Object detection is important for identifying and responding
promptly to abnormal activities, such as unauthorized access, movement, or theft attempts. For
this purpose, a variety of devices and systems are used, such as cameras, radars, motion
sensors, data processing systems, warning alert devices, and real-time notification systems.

Figure 3 – Intrusion detection with surveillance and notification
5.4 Location tracking
Figure 4 illustrates the use case scenario for location tracking of cultural heritage assets. IoT
technology enables real-time tracking of valuable cultural assets by attaching appropriate
sensors to them. This helps prevent theft and ensures the protection of these assets. For
example, if an artefact is removed from its display, the IoT sensor will trigger an alert, enabling
museum staff to quickly intervene and secure the asset.
Figure 4 – Location tracking of cultural heritage assets
6 IoT-based management functions for use case scenarios
6.1 General
An IoT-based cultural heritage management system, see ISO/IEC TR 30189-1:2025 [8], aims
to preserve the condition of cultural assets, protect them from threats, and facilitate their
restoration in case of accidents. This system involves various hardware and software
components developed and managed by different stakeholders. To ensure interoperability and
flexibility, these components adhere to shared workflows related to cultural heritage
management use cases and meet specific requirements.
This Clause 6 outlines the considerations for IoT-based management functions, including
initialization, data collection, data backup, status query, status report, event detection, and
event notification, within each use case scenario for cultural heritage management. The
functions described in this Clause 6 illustrate typical platform and device behaviours for each
use case.
6.2 Status monitoring
Given the diverse environmental factors that can damage cultural heritage, real-time monitoring
is important for preservation. This involves regulating temperature and humidity to maintain
optimal conditions and responding promptly to emergencies like fires or earthquakes.
Additionally, detecting damage caused by natural or external factors enables timely restoration.
The status monitoring function primarily focuses on continuously monitoring changes in the
physical environment surrounding cultural heritage assets and maintaining optimal preservation
conditions. To achieve this, it includes devices equipped with sensors appropriate for the type
of heritage being monitored (e.g. temperature and humidity measurement sensors, security
cameras, motion sensors), a data processing system to detect specific events using the sensor
data, and a notification system to alert relevant personnel.
The following functionalities support status monitoring for cultural heritage assets in an IoT-
based management system.
– Initialization: Cultural heritage monitoring devices offer an interface for configuring specific
monitoring settings, such as abnormal environments or monitoring areas, based on
configuration messages from the platform. It is desirable that the platform and application
also provide an interface for users to register devices on the platform.
– Data collection: Devices periodically measure the environment surrounding cultural heritage
assets or the condition of the assets themselves to identify any abnormalities.
– Status query: The platform enables users to query the status of cultural heritage
management devices, and it is desirable that the application provides an interface for real-
time status checks.
– Status report: Devices periodically send status messages to the platform regarding both
their own condition and the condition of the cultural heritage they are monitoring.
– Event detection: Environmental monitoring devices immediately send an event message to
the platform if they detect an abnormal environment that can potentially damage the cultural
heritage, either over time or immediately.
– Event notification: The platform delivers notification messages to the device management
application if it fails to receive periodic status reports or receives event occurrence
messages related to cultural heritage damage. For example, the platform can notify the
application when monitored values exceed predefined thresholds. Additionally, the
application provides an interface to display these notification messages to the user.
6.3 Intrusion detection
Cultural heritage assets can be damaged by unauthorized intruders or animals. To prevent this,
a cultural heritage management system can be capable of detecting objects around these
assets and issuing appropriate warnings. Object detection is important for identifying and
responding promptly to abnormal activities, such as unauthorized access, movement, or theft
attempts. For this purpose, devices equipped with cameras, radars, motion sensors, data
processing systems, warning alert devices, and real-time notification systems are necessary.
Authorization of detected objects can be determined based on predefined identifiers, access
credentials, or behavioural patterns.
The following functionalities support intrusion detection for cultural heritage assets in an IoT-
based management system.
– Initialization: Devices for detecting objects around cultural heritage assets provide an
interface for configuring settings such as detection time, monitoring areas, and alert
notifications. The platform and application service also provide an interface for users to
configure the device.
– Data collection: Devices have storage to save collected data. If storage is insufficient, they
must notify the platform. The devices also ensure that the latest data are retained by
removing older data.
– Data backup: The platform periodically obtains and stores data from the device, especially
when it receives an event indicating insufficient storage. Additionally, upon receiving an
object detection event, the platform obtains and stores data for a specified period before
and after the event.
– Event detection: Devices verify whether the detected object in the designated area is
authorized or not. If an unauthorized user or animal is detected, the device sends an event
notification message to the platform. The platform, upon receiving the event, can back up
the data collected from the device and notify the application. For real-time critical events,
the platform can perform the backup operations in a short-time interval.
– Event notification: It is possible that devices are able to automatically activate the alarm
system according to settings when an object is detected. The application provides an
interface to display the notification messages received from the platform to the user.
6.4 Location tracking
Cultural heritage assets must be recoverable through real-time location tracking in case of theft
or movement. The management system must provide accurate location information, track the
path of movement in real time for better traceability, and respond promptly to abnormal
movements. This location tracking functionality involves devices with various sensors, such as
GNSS trackers, data processing systems, and real-time notification systems. The edge
computing entities must implement data minimization, access control, and encryption
mechanisms for the protection of personally identifiable information (PII).
The following functionalities support location tracking for cultural heritage assets in an IoT-
based management system.
– Initialization: Location tracking devices provide an interface for configuring settings like
detection time, monitoring areas, and alert notifications. The platform and application must
also provide an interface for user configuration.
– Data collection: Devices continuously collect real-time location data and transmit them to
the platform, especially when unexpected movement of the cultural heritage is detected,
until a separate control command is received. The devices support mobile communication
and have a battery.
– Event detection: It is possible that location tracking devices are able to detect unexpected
movement of the cultural heritage and send an event message to the platform.
– Event notification: When the platform receives a movement detection event, it creates an
interface for streaming the cultural heritage's location and sharing this with both the device
and the application that manages it.
7 Operation flows for use case scenarios
7.1 Status monitoring
Status monitoring is a function for the conservation, protection, and restoration of cultural
heritage assets. This service helps maintain optimal environmental conditions for preservation,
safeguard cultural heritage from disasters like fires, and facilitate the timely detection and
restoration of natural deterioration.
Table 1 describes the functional operations or modules to be performed by the components of
the system for IoT-based status monitoring.
Table 1 – Functional operations by system components for status monitoring
Component Operation (module) Description
Environmental condition detection Use temperature, humidity, and vibration sensors
to collect environmental information and detect
potential damage to cultural heritage.
Device
Cultural heritage condition assessment Use cameras to detect natural deterioration of
cultural heritage.
Device management Register devices and manage their status.
Application management Register applications and perform authorization
checks to control access to data and devices.
Event management Configure events of interest and related settings,
such as optimal environmental conditions and
incident response actions, and manage logs of
Platform detected events.
Event processing Send notifications to the relevant application when
an incident related to cultural heritage damage is
reported, and manage delivery recorded logs.
Connectivity management Manage connections with devices for real-time
monitoring and send notifications in case of
disconnection.
Cultural heritage conservation Provide an interface for real-time monitoring of
device status, cultural heritage, and surrounding
environment for cultural heritage preservation.
Cultural heritage protection Provide real-time alerts and an interface for
Application
monitoring the status of cultural heritage to protect
it from disasters.
Cultural heritage restoration Detect natural deterioration of cultural heritage and
provide alerts for restoration.
Figure 5 shows the operational flows for status monitoring in the cultural heritage conservation,
protection, and restoration service scenarios.

Figure 5 – Operational flows for status monitoring
a) The device periodically sends status report messages to the platform to report its status and
maintain connectivity.
b) The platform immediately sends a status query message to the device upon receiving a
status request message from the application or a device disconnected event from the
connection management module. Upon receiving this message, the device promptly sends
a status report message to the platform. If the device fails to respond, the platform records
a fault event and notifies the application.
c) When the device detects an abnormal environmental condition, it sends an event report to
the platform. The platform's event processing module consults the event management
module for information regarding event handling and the application management module
for information about the application managing the device that sent the message.
Subsequently, it sends a notification message to the corresponding application.
d) When the device detects a cultural heritage broken or worn-out event, it sends an event
report to the platform. The event handling process is tailored to the abnormal environmental
condition detection event.
7.2 Intrusion detection
The intrusion detection function is important for preventing unauthorized users or animals from
approaching cultural heritage assets and for responding quickly to protect them from potential
harm. Additionally, it can be used to track the movements of a thief after a theft, facilitating
rapid recovery.
Table 2 describes the functional operations or modules to be performed by the components of
the system for IoT-based intrusion detection.

Table 2 – Functional operations by system components for intrusion detection
Component Operation (module) Description
Motion capture Detect objects (persons or animals) by sensing motion around
cultural heritage.
Device
Unauthenticated object Use cameras or radar to detect objects that can potentially
detection damage cultural heritage and verify whether the detected
object is an authorized user through wireless communication.
Device management Register devices and manage their status.
Application management Register applications and perform authorization checks to
control access to data and devices.
Event management Configure events of interest and related settings, including
object detection zones, operating times, and incident
response actions, and manage logs of detected events.
Process events from the device, identify objects, and send
Event processing
Platform
notifications to the relevant application in case of incidents,
and manage delivery logs.
Manage connections with devices for real-time communication
Connectivity management
and send notifications in case of disconnection.
Measurement data Periodically collect and store data from devices to identify the
management cause of damage to cultural heritage. Delete data after a
specified period.
Cultural heritage protection Activate an alarm system and provide real-time notifications
to the administrator when an unauthorized object is detected.
Application
Cultural heritage restoration In the event of detected theft, retrieve and provide theft-
related data to users for restoration efforts.
Figure 6 shows the operational flows for intrusion detection in the cultural heritage protection,
and restoration service scenarios.

Figure 6 – Operational flows for intrusion detection
a) The platform periodically collects and stores captured data from the device, or does so when
an unauthenticated object detection event is triggered.
b) The device initiates object detection when motion is captured around the cultural heritage.
Cameras and radar consume significant power and cannot operate on devices powered by
solar energy or batteries. Operating the camera or radar only when motion is detected by
the motion sensor can mitigate battery issues.
c) When the device detects that an unauthenticated object detection event is triggered, it sends
an event report to the platform. The platform's event processing module sends the
notification to the corresponding application with help of the event management module and
application management module.
d) The platform supports cultural heritage restoration services by sharing collected captured
data upon request from authorized applications.
7.3 Location tracking
The location tracking service scenario aims to prevent theft and unauthorized movement of
cultural heritage assets and facilitate rapid recovery in case of theft by tracking their location in
real time. This enables continuous monitoring of asset locations and swift responses to
emergencies.
Table 3 describes the functional operations or modules to be performed by the components of
the system for IoT-based location tracking.
Table 3 – Functional operations by system components for location tracking
Component Operation (module) Description
Unexpected movement Detect unexpected movement of cultural heritage using data
detection from tilt sensors, motion sensors, or cameras.
Device
Location information stream Measure the location of cultural heritage in real time and
transmit it to the platform.
Device management Register devices and manage their status.
Application management Register applications and perform authorization checks to
control access to data and devices.
Event management Configure events of interest and related settings, including
trigger conditions for detecting unexpected movement and
defining incident response actions, and manage logs of
Platform
detected events.
Event processing Create an interface to stream location information and share it
with both the application and the location tracking device.
Relay cultural heritage location information to the application.
Connectivity management Manage connections with devices for real-time monitoring and
send notifications in case of disconnection.
Application Cultural heritage restoration Provide an interface for real-time cultural heritage location
tracking and monitoring to facilitate rapid recovery in case of
theft.
Figure 7 shows the operational flows for location tracking in the cultural heritage restoration
service scenario.
Figure 7 – Operational flows for location tracking
a) The device sends an event message to the platform to notify it when unexpected movement
of cultural heritage is detected.

b) The platform's event processing module retrieves information about the event and
application from the event management module and application management module,
respectively, for appropriate event handling. It then creates an interface for location
information streaming.
c) After creating the interface, the platform's event processing module sends interface
information to the device and requests location information streaming.
d) Upon successful initiation of location information streaming, the platform's application
management module informs the application that location streaming has started, and
provides necessary access information. Location information streaming stops when the
platform receives a termination command or when the asset is recovered.
Annex A
(informative)
Use case description
A.1 General
This Annex A describes the IoT use case that is considered in this document, based on ISO/IEC
TR 30194:2024 [11].
A.2 Name of use case
ID Name of use case
IoT-CHM IoT-based management of tangible cultural heritage assets
A.3 IoT application area and context of use
Application area: Management of cultural heritage assets, particularly standalone assets not
currently managed by any authority. This includes applications for status monitoring, intrusion
detection, and location tracking.
Context of use: This use case applies to the management and preservation of cultural heritage
assets, especially in scenarios where IoT technology can be employed to monitor asset
conditions and track their location.
A.4 Scope of use case
While there are numerous potential use cases for IoT-based management of tangible cultural
heritage assets, this document focuses on three critical scenarios for effective preservation and
protection.
– Status monitoring: Continuously monitoring the condition of cultural heritage assets to
ensure they remain in optimal preservation environments and detect any signs of
deterioration or environmental changes that can pose a risk.
– Intrusion detection: Identifying and responding to unauthorized intrusions, such as those by
animals or people, that can threaten the integrity of cultural heritage sites or artefacts. This
involves using sensors and cameras to provide real-time alerts.
– Location tracking: Real-time tracking of the movement and location of cultural heritage
assets, particularly those that are movable or at risk of theft. This ensures that the
whereabouts of valuable items are constantly monitored, enabling quick recovery in case of
unauthorized movement or loss.
A.5 Objectives of use case
The objective of this use case includes the effective management and preservation of various
tangible cultural heritage assets by leveraging IoT technology for status monitoring, intrusion
detection, and location tracking.

A.6 Narrative of use case
Short description
– Key use cases for IoT-based cultural heritage management include status monitoring, intrusion detection,
and location tracking.
– These use cases collectively contribute to the comprehensive management and preservation of cultural
heritage assets.
Complete description
Many standalone cultural heritage assets often face challenges in establishing the effective management
infrastructure, including sensors, data processing devices, servers, and software applications. There are three
primary use cases for IoT-based cultural heritage management:
– Status monitoring: Continuously monitoring the physical and environmental conditions of cultural heritage
assets to ensure they remain in optimal preservation conditions. IoT sensor
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