IEC TR 61282-9:2006

Fibre optic communication system design guides - Part 9: Guidance on polarization mode dispersion measurements and theory

This technical report applies to all commercially available fibre optic products sensitive to polarization mode dispersion (PMD). This report is complementary to the International Standards describing the PMD procedures (IEC 60793-1-48, IEC 61280-4-4, IEC 61290-11-1, IEC 61290-11-2 and IEC 61300-3-32) and other design guides on PMD (IEC 61282-3 and IEC 61292-5).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Jul-2006
• ICS: 33.180.01 - Fibre optic systems in general
• Technical Committee: SC 86C - Fibre optic systems and active devices
• Drafting Committee: WG 1 - TC 86/SC 86C/WG 1
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 24-Mar-2016

Relations

• Revised: IEC TR 61282-9:2016 - Fibre optic communication system design guides - Part 9: Guidance on polarization mode dispersion measurements and theory
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 61282-9
First edition
2006-07
Fibre optic communication system
design guides –
Part 9:
Guidance on polarization mode
dispersion measurements and theory
Reference number
IEC/TR 61282-9:2006(E)
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TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 61282-9
First edition
2006-07
Fibre optic communication system
design guides –
Part 9:
Guidance on polarization mode
dispersion measurements and theory

 IEC 2006  Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
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International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue

– 2 – TR 61282-9  IEC:2006(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Acronyms and abbreviations.8
4 General information.9
4.1 Polarization modes.9
4.2 Birefringence.11
4.3 Beat length.12
4.4 Polarization transfer function.12
4.5 Stokes parameters and the Poincaré sphere .13
4.6 Principal states of polarization.15
4.7 Differential group delay .15
4.8 Polarization mode dispersion.15
4.9 Polarization dispersion and birefringence vectors .16
4.10 Polarization mode coupling.18
4.11 Second-order polarization mode dispersion .23
5 Mathematical formulations of the polarization mode dispersion test methods.26
5.1 Stokes parameter evaluation .26
5.2 Modulation phase shift .39
5.3 Polarization phase shift .42
5.4 Fixed analyser.45
5.5 Interferometric method .59
5.6 Poincaré sphere arc method.84
5.7 Poole formula method .87
5.8 Single-end test methods.88
6 Measurement issues.95
6.1 Degree of polarization and amplified spontaneous emission.95
6.2 Suppression of amplified spontaneous emission using optical or electrical filtering .97
6.3 The use of a broadband source .98
6.4 The Nyquist theorem and optical measurements .99
6.5 Continuously swept tuneable laser source and sampling theory.106
6.6 Tuneable laser source and noise.107
6.7 The selection of the states of polarization.107
6.8 Coherence interference effects and multiple path interference.107
6.9 Fibre pigtails .108
6.10 Power measurement resolution and linearity .108
6.11 Calibration of test instruments .108

Annex A (informative) Summary of various PMD test methods found in IEC standards.109
Annex B (Informative) Summary of key definitions .111
Annex C (Informative) Calculation of polarization mode dispersion value .114
Annex D (informative) Generalised Parseval theorem .117
Annex E (informative) Open issues .119

Bibliography.125

TR 61282-9  IEC:2006(E) – 3 –
Figure 1 – Two electric field vector polarizations of the HE mode in an optical fibre
along the a) x-direction and b) y-direction .10
Figure 2 – Cartesian and elliptical representation of a state of polarization .12
Figure 3 – Poincaré sphere representation of states of polarization .14
Figure 4 – Effect of polarization mode dispersion on transmission of an information-bit
pulse in a device.16
Figure 5 – Polarization dispersion vector and principal states of polarization .17
Figure 6 – No or negligible mode coupling .18
Figure 7 – Random mode coupling.19
Figure 8 – Statistics of differential group delay and related Maxwell distribution [15].22
Figure 9 – Polarization mode dispersion and differential group delay in negligible
mode coupling .23
Figure 10 – Effects of first-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD ) and second-
order polarization mode dispersion (PMD ) on the output state of polarization on the
Poincaré sphere.24
Figure 11 – Rectangular system of co-ordinates defined by the response Stokes
vectors, and direction angles of the polarization dispersion vector .29
Figure 12 – Arc of a circle described by the output state of polarization in the
ω, ω+Δω] .30
increment [
Figure 13 – Functional diagram of Stokes parameter evaluation .36
Figure 14 – a) Differential group delay (DGD) as a function of the optical frequency (f)
obtained through Poincaré sphere analysis (PSA) and Jones matrix analysis (JME),
and b) Difference of DGDs.38
Figure 15 – Trajectories of the principal states of polarization on the Poincaré sphere

from a) Jones matrix eigenanalysis (JME) and b) Poincaré sphere analysis (PSA).39
Figure 16 – Mueller states on Poincaré sphere .40
Figure 17 – Example of random mode coupling result with fixed analyser using Fourier
transform technique [15] .49
Figure 18 – Polarization mode dispersion by Fourier analysis .54
Figure 19 – Mean cross-correlation and autocorrelation functions.58
Figure 20 – Generic set-up for the measurement of polarization mode dispersion using
the interferometric test method .59
Figure 21 – Schematic diagram for GINTY analysis using input/output state-of-
polarization scrambling .65
Figure 22 – Comparison between single-scan and scrambling uncertainties .69
a) With a polarization maintaining fibre and one I/O SOP).70
b) With I/O-SOP scrambling (L/h << 1, DGD = 0,732 ps, σ = 50 fs, DGD/σ ~ 14,7) .70
A A
Figure 23 – Example of negligible-mode-coupling result using a) TINTY analysis and
b) GINTY analysis.70
Figure 24 – Example of random-mode-coupling result using TINTY analysis.71
Figure 25 – Example of random-mode-coupling result using GINTY analysis with I/O-
SOP scrambling.75
Figure 26 – Equivalence between a) Stokes parameter evaluation method PSA
analysis and b) GINTY analysis .76
Figure 27 – Example of mixed-mode-coupling result using GINTY analysis.79
Figure 28 – Comparison between polarization mode dispersion results from TINTY
and GINTY analyses .81
Figure 29 – Relationship between beat length and state of polarization .85

– 4 – TR 61282-9  IEC:2006(E)
Figure 30 – Relationship between Stokes parameter and state of polarization on the
Poincaré sphere.85
Figure 31 – Relationship between fixed analyser method with circular analyser (―)
and Poincaré sphere arc method (---) .86
Figure 32 – Relationship of state of polarization (SOP) analysis to normalised Stokes
s parameter.87
a) For wide SOP-to-birefringence axis angle .93
b) For a small SOP-to-birefringence axis angle .93
Figure 33 – Backscattered state of polarization (SOP) for short and long pulses versus
distance.93
Figure 34 – Degree of polarization (DOP) vs. distance for a concatenation of three
500-m fibres, with a centre fibre that exhibits a high h value .94
Figure 35 – Power spectrum of a typical optical fibre amplifier output showing the
amplified signal, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and the optical signal-to-
noise ratio (OSNR)
...