IEC 62359:2010

Ultrasonics - Field characterization - Test methods for the determination of thermal and mechanical indices related to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields

IEC 62359:2010 is applicable to medical diagnostic ultrasound fields. It establishes:
- parameters related to thermal and non-thermal exposure aspects of diagnostic ultrasonic fields;
- methods for the determination of an exposure parameter relating to temperature rise in theoretical tissue-equivalent models, resulting from absorption of ultrasound;
- methods for the determination of an exposure parameter appropriate to certain non-thermal effects.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2005. It constitutes a technical revision. Major changes with respect to the previous edition include the following:
- The methods of determination set out in the first edition of this standard were based on those contained in the American standard for Real-Time Display of Thermal and Mechanical Acoustic Output Indices on Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment (ODS) and were intended to yield identical results. While this second edition also follows the ODS in principal and uses the same basic formulae and assumptions (see Annex A), it contains a few significant modifications which deviate from the ODS.
- One of the primary issues dealt with in preparing this second edition of IEC 62359 was "missing" TI equations. In Edition 1 there were not enough equations to make complete "at-surface" and "below-surface" summations for TIS and TIB in combined-operating modes. Thus major changes with respect to the previous edition are related to the introduction of new calculations of thermal indices to take into account both "at-surface" and "below-surface" thermal effects. The contents of the corrigendum of March 2011 have been included in this copy.

Ultrasons - Caractérisation du champ - Méthodes d'essais pour la détermination d'indices thermique et mécanique des champs d'ultrasons utilisés pour le diagnostic médical

La CEI 62359:2010 est applicable aux champs d'ultrasons utilisés pour le diagnostic médical. Elle définit:
- des paramètres relatifs aux aspects thermiques et non thermiques des champs ultrasonores de diagnostic;
- des méthodes de détermination d'un paramètre d'exposition relatif à l'échauffement dans les modèles théoriques équivalents aux tissus, résultant de l'absorption d'ultrasons;
- des méthodes de détermination d'un paramètre d'exposition approprié pour certains effets non thermiques.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition publiée en 2005. Elle constitue une révision technique. Les modifications majeures par rapport à l'édition précédente incluent ce qui suit:
- Les méthodes de détermination présentées dans la première de la présente norme étaient basées sur celles contenues dans la Norme américaine relative à l'affichage en temps réel des Indices d'émission acoustiques thermique et mécanique des appareils de diagnostics à ultrasons (ODS) et devaient fournir des résultats identiques. Bien que l'édition seconde suive également l'ODS dans le principe et utilise les mêmes formules et hypothèses fondamentales (voir Annexe A), elle comporte quelques modifications significatives s'écartant de l'ODS.
- L'une des principales questions traitées lors de l'élaboration de l'édition seconde de la CEI 62359 norme faisait référence aux équations de TI "manquantes". Elles n'étaient pas suffisantes dans l'édition 1 afin d'effectuer des sommations "à la surface" et "sous la surface" complètes pour TIS et TIB en modes de fonctionnement combinés. Ainsi, les modifications majeures par rapport à l'édition précédente sont liées à l'introduction de nouveaux calculs d'indices thermiques pour prendre en compte les effets thermiques "à la surface" et "sous la surface". Le contenu du corrigendum de mars 2011 a été pris en considération dans cet exemplaire.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-Oct-2010
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 17.140.50 - Electroacoustics
• Technical Committee: TC 87 - Ultrasonics
• Drafting Committee: WG 8 - TC 87/WG 8
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 15-Oct-2010
• Completion Date: 27-Oct-2010

Relations

• Amended By: IEC 62359:2010/AMD1:2017 - Amendment 1 - Ultrasonics - Field characterization - Test methods for the determination of thermal and mechanical indices related to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Corrected By: IEC 62359:2010/COR1:2011 - Corrigendum 1 - Ultrasonics - Field characterization - Test methods for the determination of thermal and mechanical indices related to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 62359:2005 - Ultrasonics - Field characterization - Test methods for the determination of thermal and mechanical indices related to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62359 ®
Edition 2.1 2017-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Field characterization –
Test methods for the determination of thermal and mechanical indices related
to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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IEC 62359 ®
Edition 2.1 2017-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Field characterization –

Test methods for the determination of thermal and mechanical indices related

to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-4885-0

IEC 62359 ®
Edition 2.1 2017-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Field characterization –
Test methods for the determination of thermal and mechanical indices related
to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields

– 2 – IEC 62359:2010+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
INTRODUCTION to Amendment . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of symbols . 27
5 Test methods for determining the mechanical index and the thermal index . 29
5.1 General . 29
5.2 Determination of mechanical index . 30
5.2.1 Determination of attenuated peak-rarefactional acoustic pressure . 30
5.2.2 Calculation of mechanical index . 30
5.3 Determination of thermal index – general . 30
5.4 Determination of thermal index in non-scanning mode . 30
5.4.1 Determination of soft tissue thermal index for non-scanning modes . 30
5.4.2 Determination of bone thermal index, TIB, for non-scanning modes . 32
5.5 Determination of thermal index in scanning modes . 33
5.5.1 Determination of soft tissue thermal index for scanning modes . 33
5.5.2 Determination of bone thermal index for scanning modes . 33
5.6 Calculations for combined-operating mode . 34
5.6.1 Acoustic working frequency . 34
5.6.2 Thermal index . 34
5.6.3 Mechanical index . 35
5.7 Summary of measured quantities for index determination . 35
Annex A (informative)  Rationale and derivation of index models . 37
Annex B (informative) Guidance notes for measurement of output power in combined

modes, scanning modes and in 1 cm × 1 cm windows . 59
Annex C (informative) The contribution of transducer self-heating to the temperature
rise occurring during ultrasound exposure . 66
Annex D (informative) Guidance on the interpretation of TI and MI . 67
Annex E (informative) Differences from IEC 62359 Edition 1 . 69
Annex F (informative) Rationale and determination of maximum non-attenuated and
attenuated spatial-peak temporal-average intensity and spatial-peak pulse-average
intensity values . 72
Bibliography . 83

Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the different planes and lines in an ultrasonic field
(modified from IEC 61828 and IEC 62127-1) . 12
Figure A.1 – Focusing transducer with a f-number of about 7 . 44
Figure A.2 – Strongly focusing transducer with a low f-number of about 1 . 45
Figure A.3 – Focusing transducer (f-number ≈ 10) with severe undulations close to the
transducer . 45
Figure A.4 – Focusing transducer . 52
Figure A.5 – Focusing transducer with smaller aperture than that of Figure A.4 . 52
Figure A.6 – Focusing transducer with a weak focus near zbp . 53

 IEC 2017
Figure A.7 – Weakly focusing transducer . 53
Figure B.1 – Example of curved linear array in scanning mode . 61
Figure B.2 – Suggested 1 cm × 1 cm square-aperture mask . 64
Figure B.3 – Suggested orientation of transducer, mask aperture and RFB target . 64
Figure B.4 – Suggested orientation of transducer and 1 cm-square RFB target . 65

Table 1 – Summary of combination formulae for each of the THERMAL INDEX categories . 35
Table 2 – Summary of the acoustic quantities required for the determination of the
indices . 36
Table A.1 – Thermal index categories and models . 43
Table A.2 – Consolidated thermal index formulae . 49
Table E.1 – Summary of differences . 71

– 4 – IEC 62359:2010+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ULTRASONICS –
FIELD CHARACTERIZATION –
TEST METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THERMAL
AND MECHANICAL INDICES RELATED TO
MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASONIC FIELDS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been prepared
for user convenience.
IEC 62359 edition 2.1 contains the second edition (2010-10) [documents 87/445/FDIS and
87/453/RVD] and its corrigendum 1 (2011-03), and its amendment 1 (2017-09) [documents
87/661/FDIS and 87/665/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendment 1. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text.
A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this publication.

 IEC 2017
International standard IEC 62359 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 87:
Ultrasonics.
This second edition It constitutes a technical revision.
Major changes with respect to the previous edition include the following:
• The methods of determination set out in the first edition of this standard were based on
those conta
...

IEC 62359 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Field characterization – Test methods for the determination of
thermal and mechanical indices related to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields

Ultrasons – Caractérisation du champ – Méthodes d'essai pour la détermination
d'indices thermique et mécanique des champs d'ultrasons utilisés pour le
diagnostic médical
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

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IEC 62359 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Field characterization – Test methods for the determination of
thermal and mechanical indices related to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields

Ultrasons – Caractérisation du champ – Méthodes d'essai pour la détermination
d'indices thermique et mécanique des champs d'ultrasons utilisés pour le
diagnostic médical
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-88912-181-6
– 2 – 62359  IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of symbols . 21
5 Test methods for determining the mechanical index and the thermal index . 23
5.1 General . 23
5.2 Determination of mechanical index . 23
5.2.1 Determination of attenuated peak-rarefactional acoustic pressure . 23
5.2.2 Calculation of mechanical index . 23
5.3 Determination of thermal index – general . 24
5.4 Determination of thermal index in non-scanning mode . 24
5.4.1 Determination of soft tissue thermal index for non-scanning modes . 24
5.4.2 Determination of bone thermal index, TIB, for non-scanning modes . 25
5.5 Determination of thermal index in scanning modes . 26
5.5.1 Determination of soft tissue thermal index for scanning modes . 26
5.5.2 Determination of bone thermal index for scanning modes . 27
5.6 Calculations for combined-operating mode . 28
5.6.1 Acoustic working frequency . 28
5.6.2 Thermal index . 28
5.6.3 Mechanical index . 29
5.7 Summary of measured quantities for index determination . 29
Annex A (informative)  Rationale and derivation of index models . 30
Annex B (informative) Guidance notes for measurement of output power in combined
modes, scanning modes and in 1 cm × 1 cm windows . 51
Annex C (informative) The contribution of transducer self-heating to the temperature
rise occurring during ultrasound exposure . 58
Annex D (informative) Guidance on the interpretation of TI and MI . 59
Annex E (informative) Differences from IEC 62359 Edition 1 . 61
Bibliography . 64

Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the different planes and lines in an ultrasonic field
(modified from IEC 61828 and IEC 62127-1) . 12
Figure A.1 – Focusing transducer with a f-number of about 7 . 37
Figure A.2 – Strongly focusing transducer with a low f-number of about 1 . 37
Figure A.3 – Focusing transducer (f-number ≈ 10) with severe undulations close to the
transducer . 38
Figure A.4 – Focusing transducer . 44
Figure A.5 – Focusing transducer with smaller aperture than that of Figure A.4 . 44
Figure A.6 – Focusing transducer with a weak focus near z . 45
bp
Figure A.7 – Weakly focusing transducer . 45
Figure B.1 – Example of curved linear array in scanning mode . 53
Figure B.2 – Suggested 1 cm × 1 cm square-aperture mask. 56

62359  IEC:2010 – 3 –
Figure B.3 – Suggested orientation of transducer, mask aperture and RFB target . 56
Figure B.4 – Suggested orientation of transducer and 1 cm-square RFB target . 57

Table 1 – Summary of combination formulae for each of the THERMAL INDEX categories . 28
Table 2 – Summary of the acoustic quantities required for the determination of the
indices . 29
Table A.1 – Thermal index categories and models . 36
Table A.2 – Consolidated thermal index formulae . 41
Table E.1 – Summary of differences . 63

– 4 – 62359  IEC:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ULTRASONICS –
FIELD CHARACTERIZATION –
TEST METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THERMAL
AND MECHANICAL INDICES RELATED TO
MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASONIC FIELDS

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of requirements for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publi
...

IEC 62359 ®
Edition 2.1 2017-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Field characterization – Test methods for the determination of
thermal and mechanical indices related to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields

Ultrasons – Caractérisation du champ – Méthodes d'essai pour la détermination
d'indices thermique et mécanique des champs d'ultrasons utilisés pour le
diagnostic médical
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 21 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and

CISPR.
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Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: [e-mail].
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications IEC
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IEC 62359 ®
Edition 2.1 2017-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Field characterization – Test methods for the determination of

thermal and mechanical indices related to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields

Ultrasons – Caractérisation du champ – Méthodes d'essai pour la détermination

d'indices thermique et mécanique des champs d'ultrasons utilisés pour le

diagnostic médical
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-4885-0

IEC 62359 ®
Edition 2.1 2017-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Field characterization – Test methods for the determination of
thermal and mechanical indices related to medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields

Ultrasons – Caractérisation du champ – Méthodes d'essai pour la détermination
d'indices thermique et mécanique des champs d'ultrasons utilisés pour le
diagnostic médical
– 2 – IEC 62359:2010+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
INTRODUCTION to Amendment . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of symbols . 27
5 Test methods for determining the mechanical index and the thermal index . 29
5.1 General . 29
5.2 Determination of mechanical index . 30
5.2.1 Determination of attenuated peak-rarefactional acoustic pressure . 30
5.2.2 Calculation of mechanical index . 30
5.3 Determination of thermal index – general . 30
5.4 Determination of thermal index in non-scanning mode . 30
5.4.1 Determination of soft tissue thermal index for non-scanning modes . 30
5.4.2 Determination of bone thermal index, TIB, for non-scanning modes . 32
5.5 Determination of thermal index in scanning modes . 33
5.5.1 Determination of soft tissue thermal index for scanning modes . 33
5.5.2 Determination of bone thermal index for scanning modes . 33
5.6 Calculations for combined-operating mode . 34
5.6.1 Acoustic working frequency . 34
5.6.2 Thermal index . 34
5.6.3 Mechanical index . 35
5.7 Summary of measured quantities for index determination . 35
Annex A (informative)  Rationale and derivation of index models . 37
Annex B (informative) Guidance notes for measurement of output power in combined

modes, scanning modes and in 1 cm × 1 cm windows . 59
Annex C (informative) The contribution of transducer self-heating to the temperature
rise occurring during ultrasound exposure . 66
Annex D (informative) Guidance on the interpretation of TI and MI . 67
Annex E (informative) Differences from IEC 62359 Edition 1 . 69
Annex F (informative) Rationale and determination of maximum non-attenuated and
attenuated spatial-peak temporal-average intensity and spatial-peak pulse-average
intensity values . 72
Bibliography . 83

Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the different planes and lines in an ultrasonic field
(modified from IEC 61828 and IEC 62127-1) . 12
Figure A.1 – Focusing transducer with a f-number of about 7 . 44
Figure A.2 – Strongly focusing transducer with a low f-number of about 1 . 45
Figure A.3 – Focusing transducer (f-number ≈ 10) with severe undulations close to the
transducer . 45
Figure A.4 – Focusing transducer . 52
Figure A.5 – Focusing transducer with smaller aperture than that of Figure A.4 . 52
Figure A.6 – Focusing transducer with a weak focus near zbp . 53

 IEC 2017
Figure A.7 – Weakly focusing transducer . 53
Figure B.1 – Example of curved linear array in scanning mode . 61
Figure B.2 – Suggested 1 cm × 1 cm square-aperture mask . 64
Figure B.3 – Suggested orientation of transducer, mask aperture and RFB target . 64
Figure B.4 – Suggested orientation of transducer and 1 cm-square RFB target . 65

Table 1 – Summary of combination formulae for each of the THERMAL INDEX categories . 35
Table 2 – Summary of the acoustic quantities required for the determination of the
indices . 36
Table A.1 – Thermal index categories and models . 43
Table A.2 – Consolidated thermal index formulae . 49
Table E.1 – Summary of differences . 71

– 4 – IEC 62359:2010+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ULTRASONICS –
FIELD CHARACTERIZATION –
TEST METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THERMAL
AND MECHANICAL INDICES RELATED TO
MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASONIC FIELDS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governme
...