IEC 60810:2017
(Main)Lamps, light sources and LED packages for road vehicles - Performance requirements
Lamps, light sources and LED packages for road vehicles - Performance requirements
IEC 60810:2017 is also available as IEC 60810:2017 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60810:2017 is applicable to filament lamps, discharge lamps, LED light sources and LED packages to be used in road vehicles, i.e. in headlamps, fog-lamps, signalling lamps and interior lighting. It is especially applicable to those lamps and light sources which are listed in IEC 60809.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2014 and Amendment 1:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- update and clarification of the title and scope;
- introduction of new LED light sources;
- introduction of requirements for LED light sources;
- introduction of guidelines on LED package robustness validation for LED packages.
Lampes, sources lumineuses et LED encapsulées pour véhicules routiers - Exigences de performances
IEC 60810:2017 est disponible sous forme de IEC 60810:2017 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
IEC 60810:2017 est applicable aux lampes à filament,aux lampes à décharge, aux sources lumineuses à LED et aux LED encapsulées destinées à être utilisées dans les véhicules routiers, c’est-à-dire dans les projecteurs avant, les feux de brouillard, les feux de signalisation et l’éclairage intérieur. Il s’applique particulièrement aux lampes et sources lumineuses figurant dans l’IEC 60809.
Cette cinquième édition annule et remplace la quatrième édition parue en 2014 et l'Amendement 1:2017. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente:
- actualisation et clarification du titre et du domaine d’application;
- introduction de nouvelles sources lumineuses à LED;
- introduction des exigences applicables aux sources lumineuses à LED;
- introduction de lignes directrices pour la validation de la robustesse des LED encapsulées.
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IEC 60810
®
Edition 5.2 2022-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Lamps, light sources and LED packages for road vehicles – Performance
requirements
Lampes, sources lumineuses et LED encapsulées pour véhicules routiers –
Exigences de performances
IEC 60810:2017-09+AMD1:2019-04+AMD2:2022-04 CSV(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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IEC 60810
®
Edition 5.2 2022-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Lamps, light sources and LED packages for road vehicles – Performance
requirements
Lampes, sources lumineuses et LED encapsulées pour véhicules routiers –
Exigences de performances
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.140.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-4688-7
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IEC 60810
®
Edition 5.2 2022-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Lamps, light sources and LED packages for road vehicles – Performance
requirements
Lampes, sources lumineuses et LED encapsulées pour véhicules routiers –
Exigences de performances
IEC 60810:2017-09+AMD1:2019-04+AMD2:2022-04 CSV(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC 60810:2017+AMD1:2019
+AMD2:2022 CSV © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Requirements and test conditions for filament lamps . 16
4.1 Basic function and interchangeability . 16
4.2 Torsion strength . 16
4.3 Characteristic life T . 16
c
4.4 Life B . 16
3
4.5 Luminous flux maintenance . 17
4.6 Resistance to vibration and shock . 17
4.7 Glass-bulb strength . 17
5 Filament lamp data . 17
6 Requirements and test conditions for discharge lamps . 22
6.1 Basic function and interchangeability . 22
6.2 Mechanical strength . 22
6.2.1 Bulb-to-cap connection . 22
6.2.2 Cable-to-cap connection (if any) . 22
6.3 Characteristic life T . 22
c
6.4 Life B . 22
3
6.5 Luminous flux maintenance . 22
6.6 Resistance to vibration and shock . 22
6.7 Discharge lamps with integrated starting device . 22
6.8 Discharge lamps with integrated starting device and integrated ballast . 23
6.9 White colour groups . 23
7 Requirements and test conditions for LED light sources . 24
7.1 Basic function and interchangeability . 24
7.2 UV radiation . 25
7.3 Luminous flux and colour maintenance . 25
7.4 Resistance to vibration and shock . 27
7.5 Electromagnetic compatibility . 28
7.6 Powered thermal cycling test . 28
7.7 Mass . 29
7.8 Typical circuits for LED light sources . 29
7.8.1 General . 29
7.8.2 Typical circuits for LR3, LR5, LY3, LY5, LW3, LW5 and L1/6 LED light
sources. 29
7.8.3 Typical circuits for LR4 LED light sources . 30
7.9 Maximum power consumption and minimum current draw . 31
7.10 Overvoltage test. 32
7.11 Reverse voltage test . 32
7.12 Transient voltage test (field decay) . 32
7.13 Transient voltage test (load dump) . 33
7.14 Electrostatic discharge test (ESD) . 34
7.15 Pulsed operating life (PLT) test . 35
7.16 White colour groups . 36
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IEC 60810:2017+AMD1:2019 – 3 –
+AMD2:2022 CSV © IEC 2022
8 Requirements and test conditions for LED packages . 37
8.1 LED package stress test qualification . 37
8.2 Test samples . 38
8.2.1 Lot requirements. 38
8.2.2 Production requirements . 38
8.2.3 Pre- and post-stress test requirements . 39
8.2.4 Assembly of LED packages on test boards . 39
8.2.5 Moisture pre-conditioning (MP) . 39
8.2.6 Thermal resistance (TR) test . 39
8.3 Definition of failure criteria . 39
8.4 Choice between test conditions . 40
8.5 Criteria for passing qualification/requalification . 40
8.6 Qualification test . 40
8.6.1 Pre- and post- electrical and photometric test . 40
8.6.2 Pre- and post- external visual (EV) test . 41
8.6.3 High temperature operating life (HTOL) test . 41
8.6.4 Temperature cycling (TMCL) test . 41
8.6.5 Wet high temperature operating life (WHTOL) test . 41
8.6.6 Power temperature cycling (PTMCL) test . 42
8.6.7 Electrostatic discharge, human body model (ESD-HBM) test . 42
8.6.8 Electrostatic discharge, machine model (ESD-MM) test . 42
8.6.9 Destructive physical analysis (DPA) test . 42
8.6.10 Physical dimensions (PD) test . 42
8.6.11 Vibrations variable frequency (VVF) test . 42
8.6.12 Mechanical shock (MS) test . 43
8.6.13 Resistance to soldering heat (RSH-TTW) test . 43
8.6.14 Resistance to soldering heat (RSH-reflow) test . 43
8.6.15 Solderability (SO) test. 43
8.6.16 Thermal shock (TMSK) test . 43
8.6.17 Hydrogen sulphide (H S) test . 44
2
8.6.18 Pulsed operating life (PLT) test . 44
8.6.19 Dew (DEW) test . 44
8.6.20 Flowing mixed gas corrosion (FMGC) test . 45
8.6.21 Wire bond pull test (WBP) . 46
8.6.22 Bond shear test (BS) . 46
8.6.23 Die shear test (DS) . 46
Annex A (normative) Life test conditions for filament lamps . 47
A.1 Ageing . 47
A.2 Test voltage . 47
A.3 Operating position and operating conditions . 47
A.4 Switching cycle . 47
A.4.1 Single-filament lamps . 47
A.4.2 Dual-filament lamps for headlamps . 48
A.4.3 Dual-filament lamps for light signalling equipment . 48
A.5 Luminous flux and colour maintenance . 48
Annex B (normative) Vibration tests . 49
B.1 General . 49
B.2 Test conditions . 50
B.2.1 General . 50
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+AMD2:2022 CSV © IEC 2022
B.2.2 Mounting (see IEC 60068-2-47) . 50
B.2.3 Measuring points . 50
B.2.4 Control point . 50
B.2.5 Conditioning . 50
B.2.6 Axis of vibration . 50
B.2.7 WBR test – Basic motion . 51
B.3 Test conditions . 51
B.3.1 General . 51
B.3.2 Narrowband random vibration tests. 51
B.3.3 Wideband random vibration tests . 52
Annex C (normative) Glass-bulb strength test . 54
C.1 General . 54
C.2 Test equipment and procedure . 54
C.2.1 Principle of the test equipment . 54
C.2.2 Test conditions . 54
C.2.3 Requirements for plates . 55
C.3 Requirements . 55
C.4 Evaluation . 56
C.4.1 General . 56
C.4.2 Assessment based on attributes . 56
C.4.3 Assessment based on variables . 56
Annex D (normative) Life and luminous flux maintenance test conditions for discharge
lamps . 58
D.1 Ageing . 58
D.2 Test circuit and test voltage . 58
D.3 Burning position and operating conditions . 58
D.4 Switching cycle . 58
D.5 Luminous flux maintenance . 60
Annex E (normative) Bulb deflection test. 61
E.1 General . 61
E.2 Test set-up and procedure . 61
E.3 Requirement . 61
Annex F (informative) Guidance on equipment design . 62
F.1 Pinch temperature limit . 62
F.2 Solder temperature limit . 62
F.3 Maximum filament lamp outline . 62
F.4 Maximum surge voltage . 62
F.5 Recommended instructions for use and handling of halogen filament lamps . 62
F.6 Recommended instructions for use and handling of discharge lamps . 63
Annex G (informative) Ballast design . 68
Annex H (informative) Symbols . 69
H.1 General . 69
H.2 Symbol indicating that lamps operate at high temperatures . 70
H.3 Symbol indicating that care should be taken to avoid touching the bulb. 70
H.4 Symbol indicating that the use of protective gloves is advised . 70
H.5 Symbol indicating that lamps with scratched or otherwise damaged bulbs
should not be used. 70
H.6 Symbol indicating that before handling, the lamp shall be switched off . 70
H.7 Symbol indicating that the use of eye protection is advised . 70
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
IEC 60810:2017+AMD1:2019 – 5 –
+AMD2:2022 CSV © IEC 2022
H.8 Symbol indicating that during operation, the lamp emits UV-radiation . 71
H.9 Symbol indicating that the lamp shall be operated only in a luminaire with a
protective shield . 71
H.10 Symbol indicating dangerous voltage . 72
H.11 Pictogram for instruction "Non-ECE" . 72
H.12 Pictogram for instruction "Interior lighting only" . 73
Annex I (normative) Luminous flux maintenance test conditions for LED light sources . 74
I.1 Ageing . 74
I.2 Test voltage . 74
I.3 Operating conditions . 74
I.3.1 Test rack . 74
I.3.2 LED light sources with integrated thermal management . 74
I.3.3 LED light sources with external thermal management . 74
I.4 Switching cycle . 75
I.4.1 Single-function LED light sources . 75
I.4.2 Dual-function LED light sources for headlamps . 75
I.4.3 Multiple-function LED light sources for light signalling equipment . 75
I.5 Luminous flux maintenance measurements . 76
I.6 Colour measurement . 76
Annex J (normative) Destructive physical analysis for LED packages . 77
J.1 Description . 77
J.2 Equipment . 77
J.3 Procedure . 77
J.4 Failure criteria . 77
Annex K (informative) Communication sheet LED package testing . 78
Annex L (normative) Re-testing matrix for LED packages testing . 81
Annex M (informative) Guidelines for LED packages robustness validation . 82
M.1 General . 82
M.2 Test samples . 84
M.2.1 Lot requirements. 84
M.2.2 Production requirements . 85
M.2.3 Pre- and post-stress test requirements . 85
M.2.4 Assembly of LED packages on test boards . 85
M.3 Definition of end-of-test criteria . 85
M.4 Test sequence of over-stress testing . 85
M.5 Over-stress test definition . 86
M.5.1 Pre- and post-electrical and photometric test . 86
M.5.2 Pre- and post-external visual (EV) test . 86
M.5.3 High temperature operating life (HTOL) and low temperature operating
life (LTOL) tests . 86
M.5.4 Temperature cycling (TMCL) test . 87
M.5.5 Wet high temperature operating life (WHTOL) test . 87
M.5.6 Power temperature cycling (PTMCL) test . 88
M.5.7 Thermal shock (TMSK) test . 89
M.6 Destructive physical analysis (DPA) test . 89
M.7 Projection models . 89
Bibliography . 93
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– 6 – IEC 60810:2017+AMD1:2019
+AMD2:2022 CSV © IEC 2022
Figure 1 – Examples of LED packages . 14
Figure 2 – Example of an LED module without integrated heatsink . 14
Figure 3 – Example of an LED module with integrated heatsink . 14
Figure 4 – Example of a replaceable LED light source . 15
Figure 5 – Example of a non-replaceable LED light source . 15
Figure 6 – Position of the centre of gravity (shaded areas). 23
Figure 14 – Three white colour groups for discharge lamps . 24
Figure 7 – Extract from IEC 60068-2-14 Test Nb, showing the temperature cycle
profile .
...
IEC 60810
®
Edition 5.0 2017-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Lamps, light sources and LED packages for road vehicles –
Performance requirements
Lampes, sources lumineuses et LED encapsulées pour véhicules routiers –
Exigences de performances
IEC 60810:2017-09(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2017 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
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Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
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et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 60810
®
Edition 5.0 2017-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Lamps, light sources and LED packages for road vehicles –
Performance requirements
Lampes, sources lumineuses et LED encapsulées pour véhicules routiers –
Exigences de performances
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.140.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-4818-8
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC 60810:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Requirements and test conditions for filament lamps . 16
4.1 Basic function and interchangeability . 16
4.2 Torsion strength . 16
4.3 Characteristic life T . 16
c
4.4 Life B . 16
3
4.5 Luminous flux maintenance . 17
4.6 Resistance to vibration and shock . 17
4.7 Glass-bulb strength . 17
5 Filament lamp data . 17
6 Requirements and test conditions for discharge lamps . 22
6.1 Basic function and interchangeability . 22
6.2 Mechanical strength . 22
6.2.1 Bulb-to-cap connection . 22
6.2.2 Cable-to-cap connection (if any) . 22
6.3 Characteristic life T . 22
c
6.4 Life B . 22
3
6.5 Luminous flux maintenance . 22
6.6 Resistance to vibration and shock . 22
6.7 Discharge lamps with integrated starting device . 22
6.8 Discharge lamps with integrated starting device and integrated ballast . 23
7 Requirements and test conditions for LED light sources . 23
7.1 Basic function and interchangeability . 23
7.2 UV radiation . 24
7.3 Luminous flux and colour maintenance . 24
7.4 Resistance to vibration and shock . 26
7.5 Electromagnetic compatibility . 27
7.6 Powered thermal cycling test . 27
7.7 Mass . 28
7.8 Typical circuits for LED light sources . 28
7.8.1 General . 28
7.8.2 Typical circuits for LR3, LR5, LY3, LY5, LW3 and LW5 LED light
sources. 28
7.8.3 Typical circuits for LR4 LED light sources . 29
7.9 Maximum power consumption . 30
7.10 Overvoltage test. 30
7.11 Reverse voltage test . 30
7.12 Transient voltage test (field decay) . 31
7.13 Transient voltage test (load dump) . 32
7.14 Electrostatic discharge test (ESD) . 33
7.15 Pulsed operating life (PLT) test . 33
8 Requirements and test conditions for LED packages . 33
8.1 LED package stress test qualification . 33
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
IEC 60810:2017 © IEC 2017 – 3 –
8.2 Test samples . 34
8.2.1 Lot requirements. 34
8.2.2 Production requirements . 34
8.2.3 Pre- and post-stress test requirements . 34
8.2.4 Assembly of LED packages on test boards . 35
8.2.5 Moisture pre-conditioning (MP) . 35
8.2.6 Thermal resistance (TR) test . 35
8.3 Definition of failure criteria . 35
8.4 Choice between test conditions . 36
8.5 Criteria for passing qualification/requalification . 36
8.6 Qualification test . 36
8.6.1 Pre- and post- electrical and photometric test . 36
8.6.2 Pre- and post- external visual (EV) test . 36
8.6.3 High temperature operating life (HTOL) test . 36
8.6.4 Temperature cycling (TMCL) test . 37
8.6.5 Wet high temperature operating life (WHTOL) test . 37
8.6.6 Power temperature cycling (PTMCL) test . 37
8.6.7 Electrostatic discharge, human body model (ESD-HBM) test . 38
8.6.8 Electrostatic discharge, machine model (ESD-MM) test . 38
8.6.9 Destructive physical analysis (DPA) test . 38
8.6.10 Physical dimensions (PD) test . 38
8.6.11 Vibrations variable frequency (VVF) test . 38
8.6.12 Mechanical shock (MS) test . 38
8.6.13 Resistance to soldering heat (RSH-TTW) test . 38
8.6.14 Resistance to soldering heat (RSH-reflow) test . 39
8.6.15 Solderability (SO) test. 39
8.6.16 Thermal shock (TMSK) test . 39
8.6.17 Hydrogen sulphide (H S) test . 39
2
8.6.18 Pulsed operating life (PLT) test . 39
8.6.19 Dew (DEW) test . 40
8.6.20 Flowing mixed gas corrosion (FMGC) test . 41
8.6.21 Wire bond pull test (WBP) . 41
8.6.22 Bond shear test (BS) . 42
8.6.23 Die shear test (DS) . 42
Annex A (normative) Life test conditions for filament lamps . 43
A.1 Ageing . 43
A.2 Test voltage . 43
A.3 Operating position and operating conditions . 43
A.4 Switching cycle . 43
A.4.1 Single-filament lamps . 43
A.4.2 Dual-filament lamps for headlamps . 44
A.4.3 Dual-filament lamps for light signalling equipment . 44
A.5 Luminous flux and colour maintenance . 44
Annex B (normative) Vibration tests . 45
B.1 General . 45
B.2 Test conditions . 46
B.2.1 General . 46
B.2.2 Mounting (see IEC 60068-2-47) . 46
B.2.3 Measuring points . 46
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B.2.4 Control point . 46
B.2.5 Conditioning . 46
B.2.6 Axis of vibration . 46
B.2.7 WBR test – Basic motion . 47
B.3 Test conditions . 47
B.3.1 General . 47
B.3.2 Narrowband random vibration tests. 47
B.3.3 Wideband random vibration tests . 48
Annex C (normative) Glass-bulb strength test . 50
C.1 General . 50
C.2 Test equipment and procedure . 50
C.2.1 Principle of the test equipment . 50
C.2.2 Test conditions . 50
C.2.3 Requirements for plates . 51
C.3 Requirements . 51
C.4 Evaluation . 52
C.4.1 General . 52
C.4.2 Assessment based on attributes . 52
C.4.3 Assessment based on variables . 52
Annex D (normative) Life and luminous flux maintenance test conditions for discharge
lamps . 54
D.1 Ageing . 54
D.2 Test circuit and test voltage . 54
D.3 Burning position and operating conditions . 54
D.4 Switching cycle . 54
D.5 Luminous flux maintenance . 56
Annex E (normative) Bulb deflection test. 57
E.1 General . 57
E.2 Test set-up and procedure . 57
E.3 Requirement . 57
Annex F (informative) Guidance on equipment design . 58
F.1 Pinch temperature limit . 58
F.2 Solder temperature limit . 58
F.3 Maximum filament lamp outline . 58
F.4 Maximum surge voltage . 58
F.5 Recommended instructions for use and handling of halogen filament lamps . 58
F.6 Recommended instructions for use and handling of discharge lamps . 59
Annex G (informative) Ballast design . 64
Annex H (informative) Symbols . 65
H.1 General . 65
H.2 Symbol indicating that lamps operate at high temperatures . 66
H.3 Symbol indicating that care should be taken to avoid touching the bulb. 66
H.4 Symbol indicating that the use of protective gloves is advised . 66
H.5 Symbol indicating that lamps with scratched or otherwise damaged bulbs
should not be used. 66
H.6 Symbol indicating that before handling, the lamp shall be switched off . 66
H.7 Symbol indicating that the use of eye protection is advised . 66
H.8 Symbol indicating that during operation, the lamp emits UV-radiation . 67
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H.9 Symbol indicating that the lamp shall be operated only in a luminaire with a
protective shield . 67
H.10 Symbol indicating dangerous voltage . 68
H.11 Pictogram for instruction "Non-ECE" . 68
H.12 Pictogram for instruction "Interior lighting only" . 69
Annex I (normative) Luminous flux maintenance test conditions for LED light sources . 70
I.1 Ageing . 70
I.2 Test voltage . 70
I.3 Operating conditions . 70
I.3.1 Test rack . 70
I.3.2 LED light sources with integrated thermal management . 70
I.3.3 LED light sources with external thermal management . 70
I.4 Switching cycle . 71
I.4.1 Single-function LED light sources . 71
I.4.2 Dual-function LED light sources for headlamps . 71
I.4.3 Multiple-function LED light sources for light signalling equipment . 71
I.5 Luminous flux maintenance measurements . 72
I.6 Colour measurement . 72
Annex J (normative) Destructive physical analysis for LED packages . 73
J.1 Description . 73
J.2 Equipment . 73
J.3 Procedure . 73
J.4 Failure criteria . 73
Annex K (informative) Communication sheet LED package testing . 74
Annex L (normative) Re-testing matrix for LED packages testing . 77
Annex M (informative) Guidelines for LED packages robustness validation . 78
M.1 General . 78
M.2 Test samples . 80
M.2.1 Lot requirements. 80
M.2.2 Production requirements . 81
M.2.3 Pre- and post-stress test requirements . 81
M.2.4 Assembly of LED packages on test boards . 81
M.3 Definition of end-of-test criteria . 81
M.4 Test sequence of over-stress testing . 81
M.5 Over-stress test definition . 82
M.5.1 Pre- and post-electrical and photometric test . 82
M.5.2 Pre- and post-external visual (EV) test . 82
M.5.3 High temperature operating life (HTOL) and low temperature operating
life (LTOL) tests . 82
M.5.4 Temperature cycling (TMCL) test . 83
M.5.5 Wet high temperature operating life (WHTOL) test . 83
M.5.6 Power temperature cycling (PTMCL) test . 84
M.5.7 Thermal shock (TMSK) test . 84
M.6 Destructive physical analysis (DPA) test . 85
M.7 Projection models . 85
Bibliography . 89
Figure 1 – Examples of LED packages . 14
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Figure 2 – Example of an LED module without integrated heatsink . 14
Figure 3 – Example of an LED module with integrated heatsink . 14
Figure 4 – Example of a replaceable LED light source . 15
Figure 5 – Example of a non-replaceable LED light source . 15
Figure 6 – Position of the centre of gravity (shaded areas). 23
Figure 7 – Extract from IEC 60068-2-14 Test Nb, showing the temperature cycle
profile . 27
Figure 8 – Typical electrical circuit for an LR3, LR5, LY3, LY5, LW3 and LW5 LED
light source .
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