IEC TS 62351-1:2007
(Main)Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and communications security - Part 1: Communication network and system security - Introduction to security issues
Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and communications security - Part 1: Communication network and system security - Introduction to security issues
Provides an introduction to the remaining parts of the IEC 62351 series, primarily to introduce the reader to various aspects of information security as applied to power system operations. The scope of the IEC 62351 series is information security for power system control operations. Its primary objective is to undertake the development of standards for security of the communication protocols defined by IEC TC 57, specifically the IEC 60870-5 series, the IEC 60870-6 series, the IEC 61850 series, the IEC 61970 series, and the IEC 61968 series.
This publication is of core relevance for Smart Grid.
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TECHNICAL IEC
SPECIFICATION TS 62351-1
First edition
2007-05
Power systems management and
associated information exchange –
Data and communications security
Part 1:
Communication network and system security –
Introduction to security issues
Reference number
IEC/TS 62351-1:2007(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
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Centre FAQ or contact us:
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Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
TECHNICAL IEC
SPECIFICATION TS 62351-1
First edition
2007-05
Power systems management and
associated information exchange –
Data and communications security
Part 1:
Communication network and system security –
Introduction to security issues
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale V
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 – TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope and object.6
1.1 Scope.6
1.2 Object .6
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .7
4 Background for information security standards .7
4.1 Rationale for addressing information security in power system operations.7
4.2 IEC TC 57 data communications protocols .8
4.3 History of the Development of these Security Standards .8
5 Security issues for the IEC 62351 series .9
5.1 General information on security.9
5.2 Types of security threats .9
5.3 Security requirements, threats, vulnerabilities, attacks, and countermeasures.12
5.4 Importance of security policies .19
5.5 Security risk assessment.20
5.6 Understanding the security requirements and impact of security measures on
power system operations.20
5.7 Five-step security process.21
5.8 Applying security to power system operations .23
6 Overview of the IEC 62351 series.24
6.1 Scope of the IEC 62351 series .24
6.2 Authentication as key security requirement.24
6.3 Objectives of the IEC 62351 series.24
6.4 Relationships between the IEC 62351 parts and IEC protocols.25
6.5 IEC 62351-1: Introduction.26
6.6 IEC 62351-2: Glossary of terms.26
6.7 IEC 62351-3: Profiles including TCP/IP .26
6.8 IEC 62351-4: Security for profiles that include MMS .28
6.9 IEC 62351-5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives .28
6.10 IEC 62351-6: Security for IEC 61850 Profiles .29
6.11 IEC 62351-7: Security through network and system management.31
7 Conclusions.34
Bibliography.35
Figure 1 – Security requirements, threats, and possible attacks.14
Figure 2 – Security categories, typical attacks, and common countermeasures.14
Figure 3 – Confidentiality security countermeasures .16
Figure 4 – Integrity security countermeasures.16
Figure 5 – Availability security countermeasures.17
Figure 6 – Non-repudiation security countermeasures.17
Figure 7 – Overall security: security requirements, threats, countermeasures, and
management.18
TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E) – 3 –
Figure 8 – General security process – continuous cycle.22
Figure 9 – Correlation between the IEC 62351 series and IEC TC 57 profile standards.26
Figure 10 – Authentication security measure in GOOSE/SMV .31
Figure 11 – NSM object models are the information infrastructure equivalent to the CIM
and IEC 61850 object models of the power system infrastructure.32
Figure 12 – Power system operations systems, illustrating the security monitoring
architecture.33
Table 1 – Characteristics of the three multicast IEC 61850 protocols .30
Table 2 – Security measures for the three multicast IEC 61850 protocols .30
– 4 – TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_____________________
POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED
INFORMATION EXCHANGE –
DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY
Part 1: Communication network and system security –
Introduction to security issues
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
specification when
• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or
• The subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is
the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E) – 5 –
IEC 62351-1, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 57: Power systems management and associated information exchange.
The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
57/802/DTS 57/850/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 62351 series, under the general title Power systems management
and associated information exchange – Data and communications security, can be found on
the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the
data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• transformed into an International standard,
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual edition of this document may be issued at a later date.
– 6 – TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E)
POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED
INFORMATION EXCHANGE –
DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY
Part 1: Communication network and system security –
Introduction to security issues
1 Scope and object
1.1 Scope
The scope of the IEC 62351 series is information security for power system control
operations. The primary objective is to “Undertake the development of standards for security
of the communication protocols defined by IEC TC 57, specifically the IEC 60870-5 series, the
IEC 60870-6 series, the IEC 61850 series, the IEC 61970 series, and the IEC 61968 series.
Undertake the development of standards and/or technical reports on end-to-end security
issues.”
1.2 Object
Specific objectives include:
• IEC 62351-1 provides an introduction to the remaining parts
...
TECHNICAL IEC
SPECIFICATION TS 62351-1
First edition
2007-05
Power systems management and
associated information exchange –
Data and communications security
Part 1:
Communication network and system security –
Introduction to security issues
Reference number
IEC/TS 62351-1:2007(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
ƒ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email:
csc@iec.ch
Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
TECHNICAL IEC
SPECIFICATION TS 62351-1
First edition
2007-05
Power systems management and
associated information exchange –
Data and communications security
Part 1:
Communication network and system security –
Introduction to security issues
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale V
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 – TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope and object.6
1.1 Scope.6
1.2 Object .6
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .7
4 Background for information security standards .7
4.1 Rationale for addressing information security in power system operations.7
4.2 IEC TC 57 data communications protocols .8
4.3 History of the Development of these Security Standards .8
5 Security issues for the IEC 62351 series .9
5.1 General information on security.9
5.2 Types of security threats .9
5.3 Security requirements, threats, vulnerabilities, attacks, and countermeasures.12
5.4 Importance of security policies .19
5.5 Security risk assessment.20
5.6 Understanding the security requirements and impact of security measures on
power system operations.20
5.7 Five-step security process.21
5.8 Applying security to power system operations .23
6 Overview of the IEC 62351 series.24
6.1 Scope of the IEC 62351 series .24
6.2 Authentication as key security requirement.24
6.3 Objectives of the IEC 62351 series.24
6.4 Relationships between the IEC 62351 parts and IEC protocols.25
6.5 IEC 62351-1: Introduction.26
6.6 IEC 62351-2: Glossary of terms.26
6.7 IEC 62351-3: Profiles including TCP/IP .26
6.8 IEC 62351-4: Security for profiles that include MMS .28
6.9 IEC 62351-5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives .28
6.10 IEC 62351-6: Security for IEC 61850 Profiles .29
6.11 IEC 62351-7: Security through network and system management.31
7 Conclusions.34
Bibliography.35
Figure 1 – Security requirements, threats, and possible attacks.14
Figure 2 – Security categories, typical attacks, and common countermeasures.14
Figure 3 – Confidentiality security countermeasures .16
Figure 4 – Integrity security countermeasures.16
Figure 5 – Availability security countermeasures.17
Figure 6 – Non-repudiation security countermeasures.17
Figure 7 – Overall security: security requirements, threats, countermeasures, and
management.18
TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E) – 3 –
Figure 8 – General security process – continuous cycle.22
Figure 9 – Correlation between the IEC 62351 series and IEC TC 57 profile standards.26
Figure 10 – Authentication security measure in GOOSE/SMV .31
Figure 11 – NSM object models are the information infrastructure equivalent to the CIM
and IEC 61850 object models of the power system infrastructure.32
Figure 12 – Power system operations systems, illustrating the security monitoring
architecture.33
Table 1 – Characteristics of the three multicast IEC 61850 protocols .30
Table 2 – Security measures for the three multicast IEC 61850 protocols .30
– 4 – TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_____________________
POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED
INFORMATION EXCHANGE –
DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY
Part 1: Communication network and system security –
Introduction to security issues
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
specification when
• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or
• The subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is
the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E) – 5 –
IEC 62351-1, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 57: Power systems management and associated information exchange.
The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
57/802/DTS 57/850/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 62351 series, under the general title Power systems management
and associated information exchange – Data and communications security, can be found on
the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the
data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• transformed into an International standard,
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual edition of this document may be issued at a later date.
– 6 – TS 62351-1 © IEC:2007(E)
POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED
INFORMATION EXCHANGE –
DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY
Part 1: Communication network and system security –
Introduction to security issues
1 Scope and object
1.1 Scope
The scope of the IEC 62351 series is information security for power system control
operations. The primary objective is to “Undertake the development of standards for security
of the communication protocols defined by IEC TC 57, specifically the IEC 60870-5 series, the
IEC 60870-6 series, the IEC 61850 series, the IEC 61970 series, and the IEC 61968 series.
Undertake the development of standards and/or technical reports on end-to-end security
issues.”
1.2 Object
Specific objectives include:
• IEC 62351-1 provides an introduction to the remaining parts
...
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