IEC 60456:2024
(Main)Washing machines for household use - Methods for measuring the performance
Washing machines for household use - Methods for measuring the performance
IEC 60456:2024 specifies methods for measuring the performance of electric washing machines for household use, with or without heating devices, and utilising cold and/or hot water supply, including those which specify the use of no detergent for normal use. It is also applicable to washing machines for communal use in blocks of flats or in launderettes and to electrical household appliances for both washing and drying textiles (household washer-dryers) with respect only to their washing related functions. It also deals with electrical appliances for water extraction by centrifugal force (spin extractors).
Household washer-dryer combined performance is assessed to IEC 62512.
Household tumble dryer performance is assessed to IEC 61121.
The object is to state and define the performance characteristics of household washing machines, the washing related functions of washer-dryers and water extraction function of spin extractors, and to describe the test methods for measuring these characteristics.
This document does not apply to washing machines for commercial use such as in commercial laundries.
The preparation of methods for measuring the performance of washing machines for commercial use is under evaluation.
This document does not specify the acoustical noise measurement for household washing machines.
Acoustical noise measurements and evaluation for household washing machines are specified in IEC 60704-1, IEC 60704-2-4 and IEC 60704-3.
This document is not intended to be used for the comparative evaluation of detergents.
This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition published in 2010 and its Amendment 1:2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Title changed from previous edition to more accurately describe application: "Washing machines for household use – Methods for measuring the performance".
b) Separation of the test method results from the number of test runs in a test series, with the independence of each test run or test series, allowing different test classes to be evaluated.
c) Introduction of a new standard powder detergent IEC-P, that substitutes the standard powder detergent IEC-A* by replacing sodium perborate with sodium percarbonate, for a better correlation with market offerings and in line with health/safety recommendations. Introduction of the new standard liquid detergents IEC-L and of the new wool standard detergent IEC-W with associated dosage instructions.
d) Introduction of new measurement and evaluation methods for:
- wool cleaning performance,
- LAS rinsing performance,
- gentleness of action,
- low power mode consumption,
- temperature inside the washload,
- intermittently recurring functions,
- cold water washing machines,
- replacing washing performance by cleaning performance.
e) Addition of alternative ambient conditions for conditioning of the test load with associated correction factors.
f) Extension of the description of the washing machine loading, up to and beyond 25 kg of cotton test load, and introduction of a new mixed polyester-cotton load.
g) Addition of the necessary definitions, measurement, and calculation methods for the evaluation of multi-compartment washing machines.
h) Relocation of supplementary information to the IEC free-access supporting documents dashboard: reference machine maintenance information, test materials supplier information, expanded uncertainty values and any other pertinent information for the general public.
Machines à laver pour usage domestique - Méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à la fonction
L'IEC 60456:2024 spécifie les méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à la fonction des machines à laver électriques à usage domestique, avec ou sans dispositif de chauffage, et alimentées en eau froide et/ou en eau chaude, y compris celles qui spécifient une utilisation normale sans détergent. Elle s'applique également aux machines à laver à usage collectif dans les immeubles ou les laveries automatiques et aux appareils électrodomestiques destinés au lavage et au séchage des textiles (machines lavantes-séchantes à usage domestique) en ce qui concerne leurs fonctions liées au lavage uniquement. Elle traite également des appareils électriques destinés à l'essorage par la force centrifuge (essoreuses centrifuges).
L'aptitude à la fonction combinée des machines lavantes-séchantes à usage domestique est évaluée selon l'IEC 62512.
L'aptitude à la fonction des sèche-linge à usage domestique est évaluée selon l'IEC 61121.
L'objet est d'établir et de définir les caractéristiques d'aptitude à la fonction des machines à laver électriques à usage domestique, les fonctions liées au lavage des machines lavantes-séchantes et la fonction d'essorage des essoreuses centrifuges, et de décrire les méthodes d'essai pour le mesurage de ces caractéristiques.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux machines à laver à usage commercial, par exemple dans les blanchisseries.
L'établissement de méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à la fonction des machines à laver à usage commercial est à l'étude.
Le présent document ne spécifie pas le mesurage du bruit des machines à laver à usage domestique.
Le mesurage et l'évaluation du bruit acoustique des machines à laver à usage domestique sont spécifiés dans l'IEC 60704-1, l'IEC 60704-2-4 et l'IEC 60704-3.
Le présent document n'est pas destiné à être utilisé dans le cadre d'une évaluation comparative de détergents.
Cette sixième édition annule et remplace la cinquième édition parue en 2010 et son Amendement 1:2022. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) le titre a été modifié par rapport à l'édition précédente pour décrire plus précisément l'application: "Machines à laver pour usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à la fonction";
b) la séparation de la méthode d'essai résulte du nombre de sessions d'essai dans une série d'essais, l'indépendance de chaque session d'essai ou série d'essais permettant d'évaluer différentes classes d'essai;
c) introduction d'un nouveau détergent en poudre normalisé IEC-P, qui se substitue au détergent en poudre normalisé IEC-A* par le remplacement du perborate de sodium par du percarbonate de sodium, pour une meilleure corrélation avec les offres du marché et conformément aux recommandations en matière de santé/sécurité. Introduction des nouveaux détergents liquides normalisés IEC-L et du nouveau détergent normalisé pour la laine IEC-W, avec les instructions de dosage correspondantes;
d) introduction de nouvelles méthodes de mesure et d'évaluation pour:
- la performance de nettoyage de la laine;
- la performance de rinçage LAS;
- la douceur d'action;
- la consommation en mode basse puissance;
- la température à l'intérieur de la charge de lavage;
- les fonctions récurrentes intermittentes;
- les machines à laver à eau froide;
- le remplacement de la performance de lavage par la performance de nettoyage;
e) ajout de conditions ambiantes alternatives pour le conditionnement de la charge d'essai, avec les facteurs de correction correspondants;
f) extension de la description du chargement des machines à laver, jusqu'à 25 kg et plus pour la charge d'essai de coton, et introduction d'une nouvelle charge mixte polyester-coton;
g) ajout des définitions et des méthodes de mesure et de calcul nécessaires à l'évaluation des machines à laver à compartiments multiples;
h) déplacement d'informations complémentaires vers le tableau de bord des documen
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60456 ®
Edition 6.0 2024-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Washing machines for household use – Methods for measuring the performance
Machines à laver pour usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à
la fonction
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IEC 60456 ®
Edition 6.0 2024-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Washing machines for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
Machines à laver pour usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à
la fonction
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 97.060 ISBN 978-2-8327-0051-8
– 2 – IEC 60456:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 14
1 Scope . 17
2 Normative references . 17
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols . 18
3.1 Terms and definitions . 19
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 27
4 Requirements . 30
4.1 General . 30
4.2 Rated capacity . 31
4.3 Dimensions and volume . 31
5 Test conditions, materials, equipment and instrumentation . 32
5.1 General . 32
5.2 Test conditions . 32
5.2.1 Electricity supply . 32
5.2.2 Water supply . 32
5.2.3 Ambient temperature and humidity . 34
5.3 Test materials . 35
5.4 Equipment . 35
5.4.1 General . 35
5.4.2 Reference machine . 36
5.4.3 Spectrophotometer . 36
5.4.4 Equipment for conditioning the base load . 37
5.4.5 Standard extractor . 37
5.4.6 Iron for preparation of stain strips after washing . 37
5.4.7 Alkalinity rinsing performance equipment . 37
5.4.8 LAS rinsing performance equipment . 38
5.4.9 Other equipment . 40
6 Preparation for testing . 40
6.1 General . 40
6.2 Test washing machine and reference machine preparation . 40
6.2.1 Test washing machine . 40
6.2.2 Reference machine . 41
6.3 Detergent . 42
6.3.1 General . 42
6.3.2 Detergent dose . 42
6.3.3 Weighing and mixing of detergent . 43
6.3.4 Detergent placement . 43
6.4 Test loads . 44
6.4.1 General . 44
6.4.2 Pre-treatment of new base load items prior to use . 45
6.4.3 Requirements regarding the age of base load items . 45
6.4.4 Normalization of base load items . 47
6.4.5 Conditioning of base load items . 48
6.4.6 Test load composition . 49
6.4.7 Measurement of unwashed stain strips prior to testing . 55
6.4.8 Addition of tracer textiles to the base load . 55
7 Performance measurements – general requirements . 58
8 Tests for performance. 60
8.1 General . 60
8.2 Test procedure for performance tests . 60
8.2.1 Test conditions, materials and preparation for testing . 60
8.2.2 Test load and loading . 61
8.2.3 Programme . 61
8.2.4 Test procedure . 61
8.2.5 Test series . 61
8.2.6 Intermittently recurring functions . 63
8.3 Measurements to determine water and energy consumption and programme
duration . 64
8.3.1 General . 64
8.3.2 Measurement procedure . 64
8.3.3 Assessment of data . 64
8.4 Measurements to determine the standard cleaning performance . 64
8.4.1 General . 64
8.4.2 Materials and preparation for testing . 64
8.4.3 Measurement procedure . 65
8.4.4 Assessment of standard stain strips . 65
8.5 Measurements to determine water extraction performance . 66
8.5.1 General . 66
8.5.2 Washing machines. 66
8.5.3 Spin extractors . 66
8.6 Measurements to determine rinsing performance . 67
8.6.1 General . 67
8.6.2 Alkalinity rinse test . 67
8.6.3 LAS rinse test . 69
8.7 Measurement to determine gentleness of action (GoA) . 71
8.7.1 General . 71
8.7.2 Materials and preparation for testing . 72
8.7.3 Measurement procedure . 76
8.7.4 Assessment of thread removal fabrics . 78
8.8 Wool cleaning performance . 81
8.8.1 General . 81
8.8.2 Materials and preparation for testing . 81
8.8.3 Measurement procedure . 82
8.9 Cold water cleaning performance . 82
8.9.1 General . 82
8.9.2 Materials and preparation for testing . 83
8.9.3 Measurement procedure . 83
8.9.4 Assessment of cold water stain strips . 84
9 Assessment of performance . 84
9.1 General . 84
9.2 Evaluation of water and energy consumption and programme duration . 84
9.2.1 General . 84
9.2.2 Water volumes . 84
9.2.3 Programme duration . 84
9.2.4 Energy consumption . 85
– 4 – IEC 60456:2024 © IEC 2024
9.3 Evaluation of cleaning performance . 86
9.3.1 General . 86
9.3.2 Cleaning evaluation per stain . 86
9.3.3 Overall cleaning performance evaluation . 88
9.3.4 Nomination . 88
9.3.5 Batchwise use of stain strips . 88
9.3.6 Example (with arbitrary values) . 89
9.4 Evaluation of water extraction performance . 91
9.5 Evaluation of rinsing performance . 91
9.5.1 General . 91
9.5.2 Alkalinity method . 92
9.5.3 LAS method . 93
9.6 Evaluation of gentleness of action . 95
9.7 Evaluation of wool cleaning performance . 96
9.8 Evaluation of cold water cleaning performance . 96
9.8.1 General . 96
9.8.2 Data to be reported . 96
Annex A (normative) Specification of tracer textiles and ballast soil . 97
A.1 General . 97
A.2 Stains strips and white unsoiled fabric . 98
A.2.1 Artificial soils for standard cleaning performance on cotton,
synthetics/blends and polycotton . 98
A.2.2 Artificial soils for wool cleaning performance . 102
A.2.3 Artificial soils for cold water cleaning performance . 103
A.2.4 Marking of stain strips and accompanying data . 106
A.2.5 Advice for users . 107
A.3 Specification of test material for wool shrinkage . 107
A.4 Specification of thread removal specimen for gentleness of action
measurements . 107
A.4.1 General . 107
A.4.2 Use for tests of wool programmes – GoA-A thread removal specimen . 108
A.4.3 Use for tests of cotton and synthetics/blends programmes – GoA-B
thread removal specimen . 108
A.5 Specification for ballast soil . 108
Annex B (normative) Detergents . 110
B.1 General . 110
B.2 Standard powder detergent IEC-P . 110
B.2.1 General information on standard powder detergent IEC-P . 110
B.2.2 Information on sodium percarbonate . 111
B.2.3 Quality control measures . 111
B.3 Standard wool detergent IEC-W . 112
Annex C (informative) Liquid detergents . 114
C.1 General . 114
C.2 Composition of the standard liquid detergents . 114
C.2.1 General . 114
C.2.2 Standard liquid detergent IEC-L1 . 114
C.2.3 Standard liquid detergent IEC-L2 . 115
C.2.4 Quality control requirements . 116
C.3 Detergent dose . 117
C.4 Test washing machine and reference machine preparation . 117
C.5 Base load . 118
C.6 Gentleness of action . 118
C.7 LAS rinsing performance . 118
Annex D (normative) Specification for base loads . 119
D.1 Cotton base load . 119
D.2 Synthetics/blends base load. 120
D.3 Polyester base load for wool programme . 121
D.4 Polycotton base load . 121
Annex E (normative) Reference machine specification . 123
E.1 Specification of the reference machine and method of use . 123
E.2 Further information . 123
E.3 Reference machine: Method of use . 123
E.3.1 Installation of the reference machine . 123
E.3.2 Regular maintenance . 123
E.3.3 Before test series . 125
E.3.4 During a test series . 125
Annex F (normative) Reference machine programme definitions and selection . 126
F.1 General . 126
F.2 Programming instructions . 126
F.3 Tolerances . 126
F.4 Start-up programme . 126
F.5 Reference programmes and descriptions of comparable washing machine
programmes . 128
Annex G (normative) The bone-dry method of conditioning . 130
G.1 General . 130
G.2 Tumble dryer specifications . 130
G.3 Procedure based on inlet air temperature . 131
G.4 Procedure for gas dryers . 131
G.5 Procedure for cotton loads based on the comparative derivation of the bone-
dry factor . 132
G.6 Calculation of the conditioned mass of the base load . 132
Annex H (normative) Folding and loading the test load . 133
H.1 General . 133
H.2 Folding the items prior to loading the washing machine . 133
H.2.1 General . 133
H.2.2 Load items with stain strips attached . 133
H.2.3 Load items without a stain strip attached . 138
H.2.4 Thread removal specimen . 139
H.2.5 Wool shrinkage specimen . 140
H.3 Loading items into the washing machine – general rules . 140
H.3.1 Machine type . 140
H.3.2 Loading sequences . 141
H.4 Special loading requirements for cotton loads – Horizontal axis washing
machines . 144
H.4.1 General loading directions . 144
H.4.2 Horizontal axis washing machine: loading step by step . 145
H.4.3 Loading for load sizes above 25 kg . 145
H.4.4 Example . 151
– 6 – IEC 60456:2024 © IEC 2024
H.5 Special loading requirements for cotton loads – Vertical axis washing
machines . 152
H.5.1 General loading directions . 152
H.5.2 Vertical axis washing machine: loading step by step . 153
H.5.3 Vertical axis washing machine: load sizes above 25 kg. 163
H.5.4 Example . 164
H.6 Special loading requirements for synthetics/blends loads – Horizontal axis
washing machines . 165
H.7 Special loading requirements for synthetics/blends loads – Vertical axis
washing machines . 167
Annex I (normative) Calculation of weighted average age of the cotton base load, the
polycotton base load and the synthetics/blends base load . 169
I.1 Determination of the weighted average age . 169
I.2 Determination of weighted average in case of exchange of load items for
Gentleness of action measurements . 169
I.3 Example of how to achieve the weighted average age requirements for a
cotton base load . 169
I.3.1 Overview . 169
I.3.2 How to build up loads according to this example . 169
I.3.3 Load maintenance according to this example . 170
Annex J (normative) Rinsing . 171
J.1 Alkalinity . 171
J.2 LAS measurement . 171
J.2.1 Preparation and checking of equipment . 171
J.2.2 Detergent calibration curve . 174
J.2.3 Measure the absorbance of the working standard solutions . 176
J.2.4 Calculations . 177
J.3 IEC-P base powder detergent sampling . 177
J.3.1 Purpose . 177
J.3.2 Devices and materials . 177
J.3.3 Sampling procedure . 178
J.4 Acquiring samples using a dispenser . 181
J.4.1 General . 181
J.4.2 Calibration of the dispenser . 181
J.4.3 Acquiring samples (with dispenser) . 182
J.5 Quartz cuvette and glassware cleaning and handling . 182
J.5.1 Purpose . 182
J.5.2 Cuvettes . 182
J.5.3 General cleaning . 182
J.5.4 Periodic glass cleaning . 183
J.6 Extraction of single swatches . 183
J.6.1 General . 183
J.6.2 Additional materials . 183
J.6.3 Single brushed extraction . 183
J.7 Examples for the calculations of LAS rinsing performance . 184
J.7.1 Example of checking the quality of the distilled water . 184
J.7.2 Example for the calibration curve calculations . 185
J.7.3 Example for calculation of LAS rinsing performance . 189
Annex K (informative) Laboratory internal testing guide . 190
K.1 General . 190
K.2 Elements of an internal test protocol . 190
K.2.1 General . 190
K.2.2 Preparation for testing . 190
K.2.3 Performing the test . 191
K.2.4 Recording and checking results . 191
K.3 Examples of elements from a detailed internal testing protocol . 192
K.3.1 General . 192
K.3.2 Initial preparation for testing . 192
K.3.3 Prior to testing . 193
K.3.4 During the test . 193
K.3.5 Additional points to consider for test runs within a test series . 194
K.3.6 Evaluation . 194
K.3.7 Post-test activities . 194
K.3.8 Special issues for detergent . 194
K.3.9 Special considerations for alkalinity rinsing measurement . 195
Annex L (normative) Measurement of energy consumption in low power modes of
washing machines . 196
L.1 General . 196
L.2 Determination of electric power in off mode . 197
L.3 Determination of electric power in standby mode . 197
L.4 Determination of electric power in networked standby . 197
L.5 Determination of electric power in delay start mode . 198
L.6 Determination of electric power in left on mode . 198
Annex M (normative) Testing procedure for manual washing machines . 202
M.1 General . 202
M.2 Water level . 202
M.3 Programme . 202
M.4 Default programme . 203
Annex N (normative) Procedure to determine test load size where rated capacity is not
declared. 204
N.1 General . 204
N.2 Determination of test load mass using table tennis balls . 204
N.3 Determination of test load mass using water . 205
Annex O (informative) Evaluation of washing performance . 207
O.1 General . 207
O.2 Edition 5 method . 207
Annex P (informative) Effects on consumer relevance and measurement accuracy
when deviating from standard test conditions . 210
P.1 Overview. 210
P.2 IEC reference machine . 211
P.3 Standard detergent . 212
P.4 IEC load items . 212
P.5 IEC stain strips . 213
P.6 Measurement of reflectance . 214
P.7 Tests at rated capacity . 214
P.8 Non-heated washing processes (cold water washing machines) . 215
P.9 Other non-standard test conditions . 215
P.10 Number of tests and evaluation of washing performance . 216
P.11 Other important sources of information on testing . 217
– 8 – IEC 60456:2024 © IEC 2024
Annex Q (informative) Determination of test class, number of test runs in a test series
and uncertainty of measurements . 218
Q.1 General . 218
Q.2 Purpose of test series – test class. 218
Q.3 Flow chart . 219
Q.4 Statistical treatment . 220
Annex R (informative) Environmental aspects of washing machine usage determined
in IEC 60456 . 224
R.1 General . 224
R.2 Environmental aspects of washing machines covered by IEC 60456 . 224
R.2.1 General . 224
R.2.2 Water consumption . 224
R.2.3 Discharge of water . 225
R.2.4 Energy consumption . 225
R.2.5 Environmental aspects of washing machines not covered by IEC 60456 . 226
Annex S (normative) Test report – data to be reported . 228
S.1 General . 228
S.2 Rules for rounding and reporting of measured and calculated data . 228
S.3 Test design and data for test washing machine . 230
S.4 Reporting of materials used for the test series . 236
S.5 Reporting of measured and calculated values . 237
Annex T (normative) Testing intermittently recurring functions . 252
T.1 Overview. 252
T.2 Test series design . 252
T.3 Method of evaluation . 253
T.3.1 General . 253
T.3.2 Energy consumption . 254
T.3.3 Example . 254
T.4 General test design for evaluating intermittently recurring functions . 255
T.5 Ballast soil . 257
T.6 Data to be reported . 257
Annex U (informative) Sources of test materials and supplies . 259
U.1 General . 259
U.2 Suppliers for reference machine and reference programme . 259
U.3 Suppliers for test materials . 259
Annex V (normative) Multi-compartment washing machines . 260
V.1 General . 260
V.2 Measurement and evaluation of the drums of a multi-compartment washing
machine . 260
V.3 Rated capacity and detergent dosage for drums operated in multi-drum
mode . 260
V.4 Test procedure for performance tests for drums in multi-drum mode . 260
V.4.1 Preparation . 260
V.4.2 Test load and loading . 260
V.4.3 Test procedure .
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