CISPR 16-1-1:2010/AMD2:2014

Amendment 2 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus

Amendement 2 - Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-1: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Appareils de mesure

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Jun-2014
• ICS: 33.100.10 - Emission
• Technical Committee: CIS/A - Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 22-Sep-2015

Relations

• Amends: CISPR 16-1-1:2010 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: CISPR 16-1-1:2015 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

CISPR 16-1-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2014-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE

COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
AMENDMENT 2
AMENDEMENT 2
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-1: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Appareils de mesure

CISPR 16-1-1:2010-01/AMD2:2014-06(en-fr)

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CISPR 16-1-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2014-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE

COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM

AMENDMENT 2
AMENDEMENT 2
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and

methods –
Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring

apparatus
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations

radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –

Partie 1-1: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de

l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Appareils de mesure

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX N
ICS 33.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-1655-2

– 2 – CISPR 16-1-1:2010/AMD2:2014
© IEC 2014
FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by subcommittee CIS/A: Radio-interference
measurements and statistical methods, of IEC technical committee CISPR: International
special committee on radio interference.
The text of this amendment is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
CIS/A/1070/FDIS CIS/A/1075/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
_____________
4.4.1 Amplitude relationship (absolute calibration)
Add, after the existing first paragraph, the following new text:
When external preamplifiers are used, refer to Annex J for applicable requirements.

7.5.2 Amplitude relationship
Add, after the existing paragraph and Note, the following new text:
When external preamplifiers are used, refer to Annex J for applicable requirements.

© IEC 2014
Add, after the existing Annex I, the following new annex:
Annex J
(normative)
Requirements when using an external
preamplifier with a measuring receiver
J.1 General
Using an external preamplifier at the input of a measuring receiver shall be considered
carefully as, while it improves system sensitivity, it may invalidate the system’s compliance
with the overload requirements of this standard. Further, an external preamplifier may
invalidate the usability of a spectrum analyzer without preselection for the measurement of
impulsive signals with pulse repetition frequencies down to 20 Hz using the quasi-peak
detector as specified in 4.4.2.
Therefore the operator of a measuring system that includes an external preamplifier shall
determine the limitations of the system and shall apply linearity checks for the test system.
Automated measurement results with external preamplifiers need to be verified using a final
manual linearity check. The information given in this annex provides guidance for the user of
emission measurement systems.
J.2 Considerations for optimum emission measurement system design
Internally, measuring receivers are designed to achieve optimum sensitivity while avoiding
overload. Built-in preselection in the measuring receiver avoids overload by impulsive signals.
In spite of preselection, measuring receivers usually have no linearity reserve for quasi-peak
measurements of a single pulse above the specified indication range. Missing preselection in
measuring receivers causes problems with quasi-peak detection of impulsive signals with low
PRF.
The use of an external broadband preamplifier shall be considered only after all other
possible measures for improving the system sensitivity have been exhausted, e.g. using
measuring receivers with built-in preamplifiers, using antennas of sufficient gain, or using low
loss connecting cables. An external preamplifier need only be added when the disturbance
limit and all of the emissions expected and emissions to be measured are very close to the
system noise level, e.g. for compliance with Class 5 radiated disturbance limits of CISPR 25
[17]. If high emission signals or high ambients are expected, external preamplifiers are not
recommended.
From experience, external preamplifiers are not needed for radiated disturbance
measurements to Class B limits of CISPR 11, CISPR 22 [16] and CISPR 32 [18], either at 3 m
or at 10 m measurement distance, when measuring receivers with built-in preamplifiers
including preselection and low-loss antenna cables are used. The same situation applies for
radiated disturbance measurements to CISPR 14-1, CISPR 15 [15], and the generic emission
standards, as well as for disturbance power measurements.
External preamplifiers are not recommended for conducted disturbance measurements below
30 MHz; their use may cause harmonics in the presence of high-level disturbance at
frequencies below 150 kHz, where many emission standards do not specify disturbance limits.
If an external preamplifier is added for improved sensitivity, the following needs to be
considered:
a) preamplifiers have a wide bandwidth, i.e. they are susceptible to overload by impulsive
signals and high level narrowband signals;

– 4 – CISPR 16-1-1:2010/AMD2:2014
© IEC 2014
b) preamplifiers may produce intermodulation products and harmonics; this is especially
important when measurements are made on an OATS and/or in the presence of radio
transmission equipment;
c) preamplifiers increase the signal level at the receiver input and thus may overload the
receiver input stages, a condition which cannot be avoided entirely by the receiver’s built-
in preselection;
d) the gain in sensitivity will be less than the gain in signal level, thus limiting the dynamic
range of the preamplifier/receiver combination;
NOTE 1 The gain in sensitivity is understood as the difference between the noise figure without preamplifier
and the system noise figure with preamplifier.
e) for maximum sensitivity in the frequency range above 1 GHz, the preamplifier is
mounted/connected directly to the measurement antenna;
f) use of an external preamplifier requires that an accurate gain versus frequency
characterization be accounted for in the measurement result;
g) the uncertainty of the gain as a function of temperature and aging, as well as the
additional mismatch uncertainty between the preamplifier output port and the receiver
input port, shall be included in the uncertainty budget for the measurement; the input
impedance shall, as far as possible, comply with the requirements for the measuring
receiver and shall be included in the uncertainty budget;
h) for CISPR Band E, a system consisting of an external preamplifier and a measuring
receiver shall be designed such that it cannot be overloaded by signals of lower frequency
bands, and/or by any signal whose out-of-band or spurious signals are to be measured;
e.g. the ISM signal of a microwave oven shall not drive the system into overload.
The gain in sensitivity is determined using the following quantities and equations:
P
ie
F= and, (J.1)
kT B
P
o
for an amplifier, (J.2)
F=
gkT B
where
F is the noise factor, with 10 lgF = noise figure (often denoted by the symbol NF);
P is the equivalent noise input power;
ie
P is the noise output power;
o
G/10
g is calculated from the gain, G = 10 lgg, respectively g = 10
–23 –21
k is
...