ISO 37158:2019
(Main)Smart community infrastructures — Smart transportation using battery-powered buses for passenger services
Smart community infrastructures — Smart transportation using battery-powered buses for passenger services
This document specifies a procedure for the introduction of smart transportation to city centres by means of battery-powered buses. This service contributes to a clean atmosphere and a relatively quiet environment while offering services that provide safe and comfortable rides for citizens.
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes — Transport intelligent utilisant des bus alimentés par des batteries pour le transport de voyageurs
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37158
First edition
2019-07
Smart community infrastructures —
Smart transportation using battery-
powered buses for passenger services
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes — Transport intelligent
utilisant des bus alimentés par des batteries pour le transport de
voyageurs
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 1
5 Operation of smart transportation using battery-powered buses . 2
5.1 Gener al . 2
5.2 Minimum requirements to organize smart transportation . 2
5.2.1 Recharging . . 2
5.2.2 Scheduling/dispatching . 2
5.2.3 Maintenance work . 2
5.2.4 Passenger services . 2
5.2.5 Safety and ride comfort . 3
5.2.6 Weather and climate conditions . 3
5.2.7 Driving conditions . 3
5.2.8 Driving skills/performance . 3
5.2.9 Energy saving . . . 3
6 Maintenance of the quality of smart transportation using battery-powered buses .3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Parameters to be observed . 3
6.3 Modification of smart transportation. 3
Annex A (informative) Trials given by Paris City in December 2016 to suppress air
pollution by inviting citizens using internal-combustion-engine-driven vehicles to
electrically-operated transportation services . 4
Annex B (informative) Example of cities and countries where battery-powered buses are
operated . 5
[5]
Annex C (informative) A typical city aiming at low-carbon transportation .6
Bibliography . 8
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
City centres, often small areas, are frequently congested with internal-combustion-engine-driven
vehicles. This creates significant city issues, including air pollution from greenhouse gases (GHGs)
and irritation to citizens from noise and vibration. The number of internal-combustion-engine-driven
private vehicles nowadays is small. Heavy trucks, which are commonly driven by internal combustion
engines, are not allowed in city centres. Thus, the main source of such air pollution and environmental
irritation is now commercial vehicles, i.e. buses equipped with internal combustion engines (see
Annex A). Fuel energy is more efficiently converted to driving forces by motors consuming electric
power generated from fuel than by engines directly burning fuel. Therefore, motor-driven or battery-
powered buses are suitable options for transportation vehicles.
Bus transportation systems offer convenient and casual transport for citizens in all cities as they can
operate in narrow streets in accordance with passenger flow changes in a city and require minimum
facilities for bus stops. However, although bus journeys are popular among citizens, the ride comfort is
not always of a high quality due to sudden stops to avoid collisions or traffic accidents, and irritating
jerky movements caused by the traction mechanism in the internal combustion engine driving systems.
Such behaviour can give passengers motion sickness or discomfort or even lead to injuries.
At the same time as promoting modal shifts from conventional to alternative systems, service
performance and quality should be maintained or improved, in particular regarding low environmental
impact, safe and steady operation and passenger ride comfort. Battery-powered bus transportation
systems are now commonly used for short-distance transportation and contribute to solving the issues
mentioned previously in a number of cities across the world (see Annex B).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37158:2019(E)
Smart community infrastructures — Smart transportation
using battery-powered buses for passenger services
1 Scope
This document specifies a procedure for the introduction of smart transportation to city centres by
means of battery-powered buses. This service contributes to a clean atmosphere and a relatively quiet
environment while offering services that provide safe and comfortable rides for citizens.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
battery-powered bus
bus run by electric power that is provided only with onboard rechargeable batteries
3.2
rechargeable battery
battery which can be recharged within an allowable waiting time for the next operation
Note 1 to entry: Batteries which do not cause any change to currently organized bus service operations are to
be used in smart transportation. In this case, battery recharging should be completed in the same bus operation
schedule as already adopted so that buses currently in service can simply and successfully be replaced with
battery-powered buses.
3.3
recharging
putting an electrical charge back into battery-powered buses
Note 1 to entry: Recharging can be done by directly applying voltage to batteries onboard or, if the work can be
completed in the current allowable waiting time, by swapping discharged and fully charged batteries. Wireless
charging while battery-powered buses are running could be another way to recharge batteries onboard, if this
procedure does not disturb current bus operation.
4 General
Battery-powered buses are driven with traction motors run by electricity. Motors can indirectly
convert fuel energy into driving forces extremely efficiently by consuming electricity that is generated
from fuel by a power plant in a normal way. Thus, motor traction saves energy compared with engine
traction, which burns fuel directly. In addition, battery-powered buses emit no pollutants or GHGs
into the atmosphere (see Annex C, which shows a typical application of battery-powered buses in a
city). Furthermore, traction motors enable buses to run quietly with little irritating vibration. This
enables battery-powered buses to maintain a good environment for those living near bus routes, while
providing onboard passengers with good ride comfort through continuously varying acceleration. This
cannot be accomplished by internal combustion engine systems, which create uncomfortable jolting
during gear changes.
One of the goals of smart transportation is not to disturb current service performance and quality,
but rather improve it further compared with conventional services. No changes should be made
to current operating systems, including working schedules, dispatching and facilities related to
internal-combustion-engine-driven bus operations, both during and after the introduction of smart
transportation.
Smart transportation aims to solve the issues of air pollution from GHGs and irritation to citizens from
noise and vibration in cities and should also contribute to the further development of cities by satisfying
[2]
the purposes designated in ISO 37101:2016 .
5 Operation of smart transportation using battery-powered buses
5.1 General
Smart transportation in the form of battery-powered bus operation solves specific city issues as
mentioned in Clause 4 by retaining the same operation, services and facilities as those already in
place for internal-combustion-engine-driven bus operation when some of the buses are replaced with
battery-powered buses. When all internal-combustion-engine-driven buses in service are repl
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37158
First edition
2019-07
Smart community infrastructures —
Smart transportation using battery-
powered buses for passenger services
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes — Transport intelligent
utilisant des bus alimentés par des batteries pour le transport de
voyageurs
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 1
5 Operation of smart transportation using battery-powered buses . 2
5.1 Gener al . 2
5.2 Minimum requirements to organize smart transportation . 2
5.2.1 Recharging . . 2
5.2.2 Scheduling/dispatching . 2
5.2.3 Maintenance work . 2
5.2.4 Passenger services . 2
5.2.5 Safety and ride comfort . 3
5.2.6 Weather and climate conditions . 3
5.2.7 Driving conditions . 3
5.2.8 Driving skills/performance . 3
5.2.9 Energy saving . . . 3
6 Maintenance of the quality of smart transportation using battery-powered buses .3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Parameters to be observed . 3
6.3 Modification of smart transportation. 3
Annex A (informative) Trials given by Paris City in December 2016 to suppress air
pollution by inviting citizens using internal-combustion-engine-driven vehicles to
electrically-operated transportation services . 4
Annex B (informative) Example of cities and countries where battery-powered buses are
operated . 5
[5]
Annex C (informative) A typical city aiming at low-carbon transportation .6
Bibliography . 8
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
City centres, often small areas, are frequently congested with internal-combustion-engine-driven
vehicles. This creates significant city issues, including air pollution from greenhouse gases (GHGs)
and irritation to citizens from noise and vibration. The number of internal-combustion-engine-driven
private vehicles nowadays is small. Heavy trucks, which are commonly driven by internal combustion
engines, are not allowed in city centres. Thus, the main source of such air pollution and environmental
irritation is now commercial vehicles, i.e. buses equipped with internal combustion engines (see
Annex A). Fuel energy is more efficiently converted to driving forces by motors consuming electric
power generated from fuel than by engines directly burning fuel. Therefore, motor-driven or battery-
powered buses are suitable options for transportation vehicles.
Bus transportation systems offer convenient and casual transport for citizens in all cities as they can
operate in narrow streets in accordance with passenger flow changes in a city and require minimum
facilities for bus stops. However, although bus journeys are popular among citizens, the ride comfort is
not always of a high quality due to sudden stops to avoid collisions or traffic accidents, and irritating
jerky movements caused by the traction mechanism in the internal combustion engine driving systems.
Such behaviour can give passengers motion sickness or discomfort or even lead to injuries.
At the same time as promoting modal shifts from conventional to alternative systems, service
performance and quality should be maintained or improved, in particular regarding low environmental
impact, safe and steady operation and passenger ride comfort. Battery-powered bus transportation
systems are now commonly used for short-distance transportation and contribute to solving the issues
mentioned previously in a number of cities across the world (see Annex B).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37158:2019(E)
Smart community infrastructures — Smart transportation
using battery-powered buses for passenger services
1 Scope
This document specifies a procedure for the introduction of smart transportation to city centres by
means of battery-powered buses. This service contributes to a clean atmosphere and a relatively quiet
environment while offering services that provide safe and comfortable rides for citizens.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
battery-powered bus
bus run by electric power that is provided only with onboard rechargeable batteries
3.2
rechargeable battery
battery which can be recharged within an allowable waiting time for the next operation
Note 1 to entry: Batteries which do not cause any change to currently organized bus service operations are to
be used in smart transportation. In this case, battery recharging should be completed in the same bus operation
schedule as already adopted so that buses currently in service can simply and successfully be replaced with
battery-powered buses.
3.3
recharging
putting an electrical charge back into battery-powered buses
Note 1 to entry: Recharging can be done by directly applying voltage to batteries onboard or, if the work can be
completed in the current allowable waiting time, by swapping discharged and fully charged batteries. Wireless
charging while battery-powered buses are running could be another way to recharge batteries onboard, if this
procedure does not disturb current bus operation.
4 General
Battery-powered buses are driven with traction motors run by electricity. Motors can indirectly
convert fuel energy into driving forces extremely efficiently by consuming electricity that is generated
from fuel by a power plant in a normal way. Thus, motor traction saves energy compared with engine
traction, which burns fuel directly. In addition, battery-powered buses emit no pollutants or GHGs
into the atmosphere (see Annex C, which shows a typical application of battery-powered buses in a
city). Furthermore, traction motors enable buses to run quietly with little irritating vibration. This
enables battery-powered buses to maintain a good environment for those living near bus routes, while
providing onboard passengers with good ride comfort through continuously varying acceleration. This
cannot be accomplished by internal combustion engine systems, which create uncomfortable jolting
during gear changes.
One of the goals of smart transportation is not to disturb current service performance and quality,
but rather improve it further compared with conventional services. No changes should be made
to current operating systems, including working schedules, dispatching and facilities related to
internal-combustion-engine-driven bus operations, both during and after the introduction of smart
transportation.
Smart transportation aims to solve the issues of air pollution from GHGs and irritation to citizens from
noise and vibration in cities and should also contribute to the further development of cities by satisfying
[2]
the purposes designated in ISO 37101:2016 .
5 Operation of smart transportation using battery-powered buses
5.1 General
Smart transportation in the form of battery-powered bus operation solves specific city issues as
mentioned in Clause 4 by retaining the same operation, services and facilities as those already in
place for internal-combustion-engine-driven bus operation when some of the buses are replaced with
battery-powered buses. When all internal-combustion-engine-driven buses in service are repl
...
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