ISO 3715-1:2002

Ships and marine technology — Propulsion plants for ships — Part 1: Vocabulary for geometry of propellers

This part of ISO 3715 gives terms and definitions for screw propellers used in the propulsion plants of ships and other vessels (such as mobile offshore drilling units) that are self-propelled or propulsion-assisted. The definitions are valid only for the hydrodynamically effective part of the propeller. No definitions are given for the mechanical construction of the hub.

Navires et technologie maritime — Installations de propulsion des navires — Partie 1: Termes et définitions relatifs à la géométrie de l'hélice

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Mar-2002
• ICS: 01.040.47 - Shipbuilding and marine structures (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 47.020.20 - Marine engines and propulsion systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 8/SC 3 - Piping and machinery
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 8/SC 3 - Piping and machinery
• Current Stage: 9092 - International Standard to be revised
• Completion Date: 01-Nov-2024

Relations

• Revises: ISO 3715:1978/Amd 1:1986 - Shipbuilding — Ship screw propellers — List of equivalent terms — Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revises: ISO 3715:1978 - Shipbuilding — Ship screw propellers — List of equivalent terms
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3715-1
First edition
2002-03-01
Ships and marine technology — Propulsion
plants for ships —
Part 1:
Vocabulary for geometry of propellers
Navires et technologie maritime — Installations de propulsion des
navires —
Partie 1: Termes et définitions relatifs à la géométrie de l'hélice

Reference number
©
ISO 2002
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ii © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 3715 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 3715-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology,
Subcommittee SC 3, Piping and machinery.
ISO 3715 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ships and marine technology — Propulsion plants
for ships:
 Part 1: Vocabulary for geometry of propellers
 Part 2: Vocabulary for controllable-pitch propeller plants
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3715-1:2002(E)

Ships and marine technology — Propulsion plants for ships —
Part 1:
Vocabulary for geometry of propellers
Scope
This part of ISO 3715 gives terms and definitions for screw propellers used in the propulsion plants of ships and
other vessels (such as mobile offshore drilling units) that are self-propelled or propulsion-assisted.
The definitions are valid only for the hydrodynamically effective part of the propeller. No definitions are given for the
mechanical construction of the hub.
Vocabulary for hydraulically operated controllable-pitch propeller plants is given in ISO 3715-2.
Normative reference
The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 3715. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 3715 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For undated references,
the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of
currently valid International Standards.
ISO 3715-2, Ships and marine technology — Propulsion plants for ships — Part 2: Vocabulary for controllable-pitch
propeller plants
Systems of coordinates
System of rectangular coordinates for definition of propeller position at hull (see Figure 1).

NOTE Coordinates of the ship given in this figure are marked with subscript s [deviating from the International Towing
Tank Conference (ITTC), agreement].
Figure 1 — Rectangular coordinates for definition of propeller position at hull
System of rectangular coordinates for definition of propeller geometry (see Figure 2).
This system of coordinates is not in agreement with that of the ship in general.

Key
1 Limit of propeller disc area y Direction to starboard
0 Origin of coordinates z Direction perpendicular to x- and y-coordinates
x Direction of shaft centre RL Reference line (see 6.4)
NOTE This system of coordinates is valid independently of the direction of rotation of the propeller.
Figure 2 — Rectangular coordinates for definition of propeller geometry
2 © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved

System of cylindrical coordinates for definition of propeller geometry (see Figure 3)

a) Going ahead with a right-handed propeller b) Going ahead with a left-handed propeller

Key
Θ Angular coordinate of the system of cylindrical coordinates
r Radial coordinate of the system of cylindrical coordinates
x Coordinate perpendicular to the r-plane and identical to the x-coordinate as defined in Figure 2
R Radius of propeller
NOTE This system of coordinates is used, for example, to define the geometry of propeller blades.
Left-handed propellers are drawn in general as being right-handed.
r
r = = dimensionless radius.
R
Figure 3 — Cylindrical coordinates for definition of propeller geometry

System of rectangular coordinates for definition of cylindrical blade sections (see Figure 4 and 6)

Key
TE Trailing edge
LE Leading edge
Figure 4 — Rectangular coordinates for definition of cylindrical blade section
Terms and definitions
screw propeller
1.1
propeller radius
R [General]
RP [Computer]
largest vertical distance of the extreme point of a blade (i.e. blade tip) related to the x-coordinate of the system
according to Figure 2
NOTE For propellers with mounted blades and controllable-pitch propellers, this definition is valid for design pitch.
1.2
propeller diameter
D [General]
DP [Computer]
diameter of the circle passed by the extreme point of a blade whilst turning around the x-coordinate
D = 2R
NOTE For propellers with mounted blades and controllable-pitch propellers, this definition is valid for design pitch.
1.3
number of blades
Z [General]
Z [Computer]
number of blades fitted around the x-coordinate or on the hub
1.4
disc area
A [General]
O
AO [Computer]
disc area calculated by means of the propeller diameter
π
=
AD
O
NOTE See Figure 3.
1.5
area ratio
1.5.1
developed area ratio
A /A [General]
D O
ADR [Computer]
developed area of all blades related to the propeller disc area
1.5.2
expanded area ratio
A /A [General]
E O
AER [Computer]
expanded area of all blades related to the propeller disc area
NOTE For blade areas see 6.1.
4 © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved

1.6
centre of gravity of propeller
defined by a measure in x-direction; the mass of propeller cap is not considered for monoblock propellers
NOTE See Figure 5.
1.7
propeller plane
plane of a propeller realized by y- and z-coordinates
NOTE For y-z plane, see Figure 2.
1.8
direction of rotation, right-handed
〈according to a right-hand thread〉 when going ahead the propeller moves in the upper point from left to right (seen
from aft)
1.9
direction of rotation, left-handed
〈according to a left-hand thread〉 when going ahead the propeller moves in the upper part from right to left (seen
from aft)
hub
part of the propeller the blades are fitted to (fixed or removable), also forming the connection to the propellers shaft
and, in the case of controllable pitch propellers, the housing of the mechanism to adjust the blades
NOTE The propeller cap is normally not part of the hub.
2.1
hub diameter
d [General]
h
DH [Computer]
diameter of the hub in the propeller plane
NOTE See Figure 5.
2.2
fore diameter of hub
d [General]
hf
DHF [Computer]
fore diameter of the hub, not considering any shoulder
NOTE See Figure 5.
2.3
after diameter of hub
d [General]
ha
DHA [Computer]
after diameter of the hub, not considering any shoulder
NOTE See Figure 5.
2.4
hub length
l [General]
h
LH [Computer]
length of the hub, any shoulder aft and fore included
NOTE See Figure 5.
2.5
after length of hub
l [General]
ha
LHA [Computer]
length of the hub taken from propeller plane to aft end of the hub including aft shoulder
NOTE See Figure 5.
2.6
fore length of hub
l [General]
hf
LHF [Computer]
length of the hub taken from propeller plane to fore end of the hub including fore shoulder
2.7
hub diameter ratio
d /D [General]
h
DHR [Computer]
relation of hub diameter to propeller diameter
blade
part of a propeller beginning at the contour of the hub and ending at the blade tip
NOTE In the case of controllable-pitch propellers and propellers with mounted blades, all parts for bearing and fitting the
blades to the hub and being fixed to the blade belong to the blades.
3.1
blade tip
utmost part of a blade, positioned at the propeller radius R
NOTE In special cases, the blade tip is represented by a cylindrical section at the propeller radius R.
3.2
blade root
zone of transition of blade to hub
3.3
leading edge
LE [General and computer]
blade edge directed to the inflow under normal operating conditions starting from the blade root and ending at the
blade tip
3.4
trailing edge
TE [General and computer]
blade edge opposite to the inflow under normal operating conditions starting from the blade root and ending at the
blade tip
3.5
shape of edges
shape of the fore and aft part of a cylindrical section e.g. rounded, sharpened
NOTE Examples of shapes: anti-singing edge, edge with rounded nose.
6 © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved

3.6
suction side
back
SS [General and computer]
blade side, directed to the inflow whilst ship is going ahead
NOTE It is the upper side of a cylindrical profile section (see Figure 6).
3.7
pressure side
face
PS [General and computer]
blade side opposite the suction side (see Figure 6)
3.8
blade outline
shape of blade
3.9
centre of gravity of blade
mass centre of blade
NOTE It is defined by its coordinate values in the coordinate system according to Figure 2 (see also Figure 8 for
information).
cylindrical blade section
developed penetration area of a cylinder coaxial related to the x-coordinate of a propeller with a propeller blade
NOTE See Figure 6.
4.1
mean line of blade section
ML [General]
connecting line of the centre of contact circles within a cylindrical profile section between suction and pressure side
NOTE See Figure 6.
4.2
camber
f [General]
F [Computer]
maximum value of the y-coordinate or f is equal to maximum y-value of the mean line
NOTE See Figure 6.
4.3
chord length
c [General]
C [Computer]
developed length of a cylindrical profile section from the leading edge to the trailing edge
NOTE See Figure 6.
4.4
leading part of chord length
c [General]
LE
CLE [Computer]
developed length of a cylindrical profile section taken from the leading edge to the reference line related to the
x-coordinate of the cylindrical section
NOTE See system of coordinates in Figure 4; see also Figure 8 for information.
4.5
trailing part of chord length
c [General]
TE
CTE [Computer]
developed length of a cylindrical section taken from the trailing edge to the reference line, related to the
x-coordinate of a cylindrical section
NOTE See system of coordinate in Figure 4; see also Figure 8 for information.
4.6
thickness of blade section
4.6.1
maximum thickness of blade section
maximum thickness of the blade section at the radial coordinate r
t [General]
T [Computer]
NOTE See Figure 8.
4.6.2
local thickness of blade section
blade thickness at any location along the x-coordinate axis
t [General]
x
TX [Computer]
NOTE See system of coordinates in Figure 4; see also Figure 6 for information.
pitch
P [General]
P [Computer]
covered distance of a point in x-direction after one revolution (Θ = 2π) moving on a screw line
NOTE 1 See system of coordinates in Figure 3.
NOTE 2 The pitch is unambigeously defined only for a helix of a constant lead.
The area of a propeller blade is in general not an ideal helicoidal surface, but an area similar to a helicoidal surface. Therefore
only area elements have defined pitch values.
The pitch values of area elements are in general different in both directions, radial and, with cambered profile sections,
peripheral as well.
5.1
pitch angle
φ [General]
PHI [Computer]
angle between the helix of constant lead and the propeller plane, taken on the cylindrical surface
P
arc tan
2 r π
5.2
pitch of pressure side
P [General]
PS
PPS [Computer]
pitch of the line between the first and the last measuring
...