ISO 22447:2019

Industrial wastewater classification

This document specifies the principles, categories, and codes for the classification of industrial wastewater and is applicable to all types and sources of industrial wastewater. It provides a broad framework classifying industrial wastewater into different categories based on industry type and the associated water quality constituents, namely physical, chemical and biological characteristics with a specific code assigned based on both industry type and waste-stream classification.

Titre manque

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-Nov-2019
• ICS: 13.030.20 - Liquid wastes. Sludge
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 282/SC 4 - Industrial water reuse
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 282/SC 4/WG 2 - Industrial wastewater classification and treatment/reuse technology evaluation
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 27-Nov-2019
• Due Date: 04-May-2020
• Completion Date: 27-Nov-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22447
First edition
2019-11
Industrial wastewater classification
Reference number
ISO 22447:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019

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ISO 22447:2019(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ISO 22447:2019(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Classification of industrial wastewater . 3
4.1 Classification principle and code structure for industrial wastewater classification. 3
4.1.1 Classification principle . 3
4.1.2 Code structure . 4
4.2 Classification of industrial wastewater based on industrial types (Level 1) . 5
4.3 Classification of industrial wastewater based on water quality parameters (Level 2) .10
Annex A (informative) Classification and reuse by case study .14
Bibliography .18
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ISO 22447:2019(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 282, Water reuse, Subcommittee SC 4,
Industrial water reuse.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO 22447:2019(E)

Introduction
Industrial wastewater is produced by many kinds of industries. In some parts of the world, climate
change is putting water resources under stress. Treatment of industrial wastewater provides an
opportunity for resource recovery, which can help to drought-proof ongoing operations. Reclaiming
and reusing industrial wastewater reduces demands on limited freshwater resources, as well as the
amount of wastewater and the associated contaminants that are released to the environment. How to
process and reuse industrial wastewater efficiently is a great challenge as wastewater characteristics
are as complex and varied as the industries that produce these waste-streams. Industrial wastewater
contains a wide range of inorganic and complex organic contaminants, with various concentrations
and almost as wide a range of potential physical, chemical and biological treatment processes and
has specific treated water quality required for reuse. A clear ISO industrial wastewater classification
and coding system is needed to assist both industry and government to record the information of
wastewater (including industrial type and water quality parameter) and provide some information
on identifying best available control technologies and treatment performance capabilities in order to
establish reasonable expectations and facilitate the development of universal wastewater treatment
technologies in industrial reuse, and promote the information communication during commercial
trade, for example, bidding, consultation, and so on.
The industrial wastewater classification system described in this document covers the basic and most
important information required to properly characterize industrial process waste-streams to quickly
determine the requirement of the appropriate treatment or reuse technology options for specific
industries, reduce operating costs for enterprises, and ultimately promote the systematic development
of process water treatment and reuse technologies for industrial application. For the government and
large corporations, a more important usage of the classification and coding system is to help them with
establishment and improvement of standards concerning discharge and reuse of industrial wastewater.
This document provides a wastewater classification framework and coding system, along with a water
quality parameter list. The usages of the classification and coding system facing different users, namely
the entrepreneur or the government, are provided in Annex A. It is intended that this classification
system will help to promote understanding between different business parties, governments, to
collaboratively develop wastewater treatment and reuse technologies among different countries,
improve the efficiency of industrial wastewater reuse, and save and protect environment. Due to the
similar nature, it may also apply for the wastewater treatment concerning discharge.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22447:2019(E)
Industrial wastewater classification
1 Scope
This document specifies the principles, categories, and codes for the classification of industrial
wastewater and is applicable to all types and sources of industrial wastewater. It provides a broad
framework classifying industrial wastewater into different categories based on industry type and the
associated water quality constituents, namely physical, chemical and biological characteristics with a
specific code assigned based on both industry type and waste-stream classification.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
biochemical oxygen demand
BOD
mass concentration of dissolved oxygen consumed under specified conditions by the aerobic biological
oxidation of a chemical compound or organic matter in water
Note 1 to entry: BOD : Degradation time = 5 days; Temperature = 20 °C.
5
[SOURCE: ISO 9408:1999]
3.1.2
chemical oxygen demand
COD
mass concentration of oxygen equivalent to the amount of dichromate consumed by dissolved and
suspended matter when a water sample is treated with that oxidant under defined conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-2:2006]
3.1.3
EC
50
concentration estimated to cause an effect on a test end-point in 50 % of an exposed population over a
defined exposed period
[SOURCE: ISO 16387:2014]
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3.1.4
free chlorine
chlorine present in the form of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite ions or dissolved elemental chlorine
[SOURCE: ISO 7027:1999]
3.1.5
total coliforms
group of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, lactose-fermenting
bacteria which typically inhabit the large intestine of man and animals
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-7:2006]
3.1.6
total dissolved solids (TDS)
weight of inorganic and organic matter in true solution per unit volume of water
[SOURCE: ISO 16345:2014]
3.1.7
total hardness
total concentration of calcium and magnesium
[SOURCE: ISO 6059:1984]
3.1.8
total kjeldahl nitrogen
TKN
concentration of organic nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen in a sample, determined under specified
conditions based on digestion with sulfuric acid
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-8:1993]
3.1.9
total nitrogen
sum of total kjeldahl nitrogen (3.1.8) (ammonia, organic and reduced nitrogen) and nitrate-nitrite
3.1.10
total organic carbon
TOC
all the carbon present in organic matter which is dissolved and suspended in the water
[SOURCE: ISO 11733:2004]
3.1.11
total phosphorus
sum of all phosphorus compounds that occur in various forms
3.1.12
total residual chlorine
chlorine present in the form of free chlorine (3.1.4) or combined chlorine, or both
[SOURCE: ISO 7027:1999]
3.1.13
total solids
TS
sum of dissolved and suspended solids
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-2:2006]
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ISO 22447:2019(E)

3.1.14
total suspended solids
TSS
weight of particulates, both organic and inorganic, suspended, but not dissolved, per unit of water
[SOURCE: ISO 16345:2014]
3.1.15
turbidity
reduction of transparency of a liquid caused by the presence of undissolved matter
[SOURCE: ISO 7027:1999]
3.1.16
96 h LC
50
bioassay determining the dilution of an effluent which causes the death of 50 % (one half) of a group of
test animals (typically rainbow trout) after exposure for 96 hours
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BOD biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days
5
COD chemical oxygen demand
DO dissolved oxygen
EC electrical conductivity
FOG fat, oil and grease
n.e.c. not elsewhere classified
SDI silting density index
TDS total dissolved solids
TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen
TN total nitrogen
TOC total organic carbon
TOD total oxygen demand
TP total phosphorus
TS total solids
TSS total suspended solids
4 Classification of industrial wastewater
4.1 Classification principle and code structure for industrial wastewater classification
4.1.1 Classification principle
Industrial processes, even in the same industry (e.g. pulp and paper), characteristically generate
different distinctive waste-streams as a result of differences between production processes.
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ISO 22447:2019(E)

Consequently, the effectiveness of a particular technology or a group of technologies can be expected to
be varied, and require different wastewater treatment processes and reuse technologies.
In this document, hierarchical classification is used to classify different levels of industrial wastewater
based on: type of the industry (Level 1) and water quality parameters (e.g. pH, TSS, TDS, COD, TN and
TP) (Level 2). The relationship between different levels is shown in Figure 1. Level 1 and Level 2 have a
progressive relationship.
This classification system defines the basic and most important characteristics of industrial wastewater
from different dimensions. It is intended to guide technology selection and design for industrial
wastewater treatment and reuse. Although some reference codes are provided in this document, the
relevant and suitable parameters can be selected according to local industrial wastewater quality and
technological conditions in different countries or regions.
Figure 1 — Relationship between different levels of industrial wastewater classification
4.1.2 Code structure
The code of industrial wastewater classification adopts hierarchical code. The hierarchy corresponding
to the classification of industrial wastewater is divided into two levels. The hierarchical code of each
level is in an ascending order.
The hierarchy code structure of industrial wastewater classification contains two levels (Figure 2).
Level 1 (the first two digits) indicates the classification according to industry types, which uses two
letters following the alphabetic order for each letter (from A to Z, then from a to z, which is 52 codes
for each digit). Level 2 (the number of digits is determined by the number of water quality parameters
included; each parameter has a four-digit-code) indicates the classification according to the water
quality of the industrial wastewater. A hyphen is used for distinguishing between each water quality
parameter.
For Level 2, if some water quality indexes are irrelevant to the certain industrial type, the corresponding
codes should not be included. However, if it is still necessary for considering the requirements or the
effects of those water quality indexes with no available value, the value of the parameter should be set
as 0a as a default value.
Figure 2 — Code structure of industrial wastewater classification
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ISO 22447:2019(E)

4.2 Classification of industrial wastewater based on industrial types (Level 1)
Wastewater generated from different industries may have distinct water qualities. On this level,
wastewater is classified according to industrial types in the areas of mining and quarrying,
manufacturing, electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, water supply, construction and the
like. A recommended list of code vs. category of industrial wastewater according to industrial types
is shown in Table 1, which mainly follows the International Standard Industrial Classification of All
[10]
Economic Activities , added up with special wastewater including laboratory wastewater, nuclear
and radioactivity wastewater, and mixed wastewater that come from more than one industry category
[11][12]
included in this level . Each type of industrial wastewater is given a two-letter code following
alphabetic order (for each letter, from A to Z, then a to z if necessary). A total of 207 types of industrial
wastewater were included, among which 34 big categories are coded as “*A” (* means a character), and
shown as bold font in the table.
For the plants manufacturing products which belong to different industrial types, or in other situations
that the wastewaters are mixed before reuse or discharge, if two types belong to the same big category,
e.g. a mine produces both iron ore and rare earth, the mixed wastewater should be classified following
the big category name, so does the code; if two types belong to different big categories, several possible
mixed sub-categories are listed under the category of “mixed wastewater” (g*).
Governments, regional administrations, industrial sectors, and other users can edit and modify the
information according to the specific situations. For the types of industry that are not included or newly
appeared, the table can also be extended accordingly, or the wastewater can be classified as “other
industrial wastewater” (hA). If there are modifications of the corresponding list, an illustration of the
coding system should be provided in the document when applying.
Table 1 — Category and code for industrial wastewater based on industrial types
Code Category name
AA coal and lignite mining wastewater
AB hard coal mining wastewater
AC lignite mining wastewater
BA crude petroleum and natural gas extraction wastewater
BB crude petroleum extraction wastewater
BC natural gas extraction wastewater
CA metal ores mining wastewater
CB iron ores mining wastewater
CC non-ferrous metal ores mining wastewater
DA other mining and quarrying wastewater
DB stone, sand and clay quarrying wastewater
DC chemical and fertilizer minerals mining wastewater
DD peat extraction wastewater
DE salt extraction wastewater
DF other mining and quarrying wastewater n.e.c.
EA food products manufacturing wastewater
EB meat processing and preserving wastewater
EC fish, crustaceans and molluscs processing and preserving wastewater
ED fruit and vegetables processing and preserving wastewater
EE vegetable and animal oils and fats manufacturing wastewater
EF dairy products manufacturing wastewater
EG grain mill products, starches and starch products manufacturing wastewater
EH grain mill products manufacturing wastewater
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Table 1 (continued)
Code Category name
EI starches and starch products manufacturing wastewater
EJ bakery products manufacturing wastewater
EK sugar manufacturing wastewater
EL cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery manufacturing wastewater
EM macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products manufacturing wastewater
EN prepared meals and dishes manufacturing wastewater
EO other food products manufacturing wastewater
EP prepared animal feeds manufacturing wastewater
FA beverages manufacturing wastewater
FB spirits distilling, rectifying and blending wastewater
FC wines manufacturing wastewater
FD malt liquors and malt manufacturing wastewater
FE soft drinks, mineral waters and other bottled waters manufacturing wastewater
GA tobacco products manufacturing wastewater
HA textiles manufacturing wastewater
HB textiles spinning, weaving and finishing wastewater
HC textiles fibre preparation and spinning wastewater
HD textiles weaving wastewater
HE textiles finishing wastewater
HF knitted and crocheted fabrics manufacturing wastewater
HG made-up textile articles (except apparel) manufacturing wastewater
HH carpets and rugs manufacturing wastewater
HI cordage, rope, twine and netting manufacturing wastewater
HJ other textiles manufacturing wastewater
IA wearing apparel manufacturing wastewater
IB wearing apparel (except fur apparel) manufacturing wastewater
IC articles of fur manufacturing wastewater
ID knitted and crocheted apparel manufacturing wastewater
IE other wearing apparel manufacturing wastewater
JA leather and related products manufacturing wastewater
JB leather tanning and dressing wastewater
JC fur dressing and dyeing wastewater
JD luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness manufacturing wastewater
JE footwear manufacturing wastewater
JF other leather and related products manufacturing wastewater
wood, wood products and cork (except furniture) manufacturing wastewater; articles of
KA
straw and plaiting materials manufacturing wastewater
KB wood sawmilling and planning wastewater
KC products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials manufacturing wastewater
KD veneer sheets and wood-based panels manufacturing wastewater
KE builders’ carpentry and joinery manufacturing wastewater
KF wooden containers manufacturing wastewater
other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials manufacturing
KG
wastewater
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Table 1 (continued)
Code Category name
LA paper and paper products manufacturing wastewater
LB pulp, paper and paperboard manufacturing wastewater
corrugated paper and paperboard and containers of paper and paperboard manufacturing
LC
wastewater
LD other articles of paper and paperboard manufacturing wastewater
MA coke and refined petroleum products manufacturing wastewater
MB coke oven products manufacturing wastewater
MC refined petroleum products manufacturing wastewater
NA chemicals and chemical products manufacturing wastewater
NB basic chemicals manufacturing wastewater
NC fertilizers and nitrogen compounds manufacturing wastewater
ND plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms manufacturing wastewater
NE pesticides and other agrochemical products manufacturing wastewater
NF paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics manufacturing wastewater
soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations
NG
manufacturing wastewater
NH man-made fibres manufacturing wastewater
NI other chemicals and chemical products manufacturing wastewater
OA pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products manufacturing wastewater
PA rubber and plastics products manufacturing wastewater
PB rubber tyres and tubes, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres manufacturing wastewater
PC other rubber products manufacturing wastewater
PD plastics products manufacturing wastewater
QA non-metallic mineral products manufacturing wastewater
QB glass and glass products manufacturing wastewater
QC refractory products manufacturing wastewater
QD clay building materials manufacturing wastewater
QE other porcelain and ceramic products manufacturing wastewater
QF cement, lime and plaster manufacturing wastewater
QG articles of concrete, cement and plaster manufacturing wastewater
QH Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone wastewater
QI other non-metallic mineral products manufacturing wastewater
RA basic metals manufacturing wastewater
RB basic iron and steel manufacturing wastewater
RC basic precious and other non-ferrous metals manufacturing wastewater
RD iron and steel casting wastewater
RE non-ferrous metals casting wastewater
SA fabricated metal products (except machinery and equipment) manufacturing wastewater
SB structural metal products, tanks, reservoirs and steam generators manufacturing wastewater
SC structural metal products manufacturing wastewater
SD tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal manufacturing wastewater
SE steam generators (except central heating hot water boilers) manufacturing wastewater
SF weapons and ammunition manufacturing wastewater
SG metal forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming wastewater; powder metallurgy wastewater
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Table 1 (continued)
Code Category name
SH metal treatment and coating wastewater; machining wastewater
SI cutlery, hand tools and general hardware manufacturing wastewater
SJ other fabricated metal products manufacturing wastewater
TA computer, electronic and optical products manufacturing wastewater
TB electronic components and boards manufacturing wastewater
TC computers and peripheral equipment manufacturing wastewater
TD communication equipment manufacturing wastewater
TE consumer electronics manufacturing wastewater
measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment, watches and clocks manufacturing
TF
wastewater
TG measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment manufacturing wastewater
TH watches and clocks manufacturing wastewater
TI irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment manufacturing wastewater
TJ optical instruments and photographic equipment manufacturing wastewater
TK magnetic and optical media manufacturing wastewater
UA electrical equipment manufacturing wastewater
electric motors, generators, transformers and electricity distribution and control apparatus
UB
manufacturing wastewater
UC batteries and accumulators manufacturing wastewater
UD wiring and wiring devices manufacturing wastewater
UE fibre optic cables manufacturing wastewater
UF other electronic and electric wires and cables manufacturing wastewater
UG wiring devices manufacturing wastewater
UH electric lighting equipment manufacturing wastewater
UI domestic appliances manufacturing wastewater
UJ other electrical equipment manufacturing wastewater
VA machinery and equipment n.e.c. manufacturing wastewater
VB general-purpose machinery manufacturing wastewater
VC engines and turbines manufacturing wastewater
VD fluid power equipment manufacturing wastewater
VE other pumps, compressors, taps and valves manufacturing wastewater
VF bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements manufacturing wastewater
VG ovens, furnaces and furnace burners manufacturing wastewater
VH lifting and handling equipment manufacturing wastewater
office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment) manufacturing
VI
wastewater
VJ power-driven hand tools manufacturing wastewater
VK other general-purpose machinery manufacturing wastewater
VL special-purpose machinery manufacturing wastewater
VM agricultural and forestry machinery manufacturing wastewater
VN metal-forming machinery and machine tools manufacturing wastewater
VO machinery for metallurgy manufacturing wastewater
VP machinery for mining, quarrying and construction manufacturing wastewater
VQ machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing manufacturing wastewater
VR machinery for textile, apparel and leather production manufacturing wastewater
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Table 1 (continued)
Code Category name
VS other special-purpose machinery manufacturing wastewater
WA motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers manufacturing wastewater
WB motor vehicles manufacturing wastewater
WC bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles manufacturing wastewater
WD trailers and semi-trailers manufacturing wastewater
WE parts and accessories for motor vehicles manufacturing wastewater
XA other transport equipment manufacturing wastewater
XB ships and boats building wastewater
XC ships and floating structures building wastewater
XD pleasure and sporting boats building wastewater
XE railway locomotives and rolling stock manufacturing wastewater
XF air and spacecraft and related machinery manufacturing wastewater
XG military fighting vehicles manufacturing wastewater
XH transport equipment manufacturing wastewater
XI motorcycles manufacturing wastewater
XJ bicycles and invalid carriages manufacturing wastewater
XK other transport equipment manufacturing wastewater
YA furniture manufacturing wastewater
ZA other manufacturing wastewater
ZB jewellery, bijouterie and related articles manufacturing wastewater
ZC jewellery and related articles manufacturing wastewater
ZD imitation jewellery and related articles manufacturing wastewater
ZE musical instruments manufacturing wastewater
ZF sports goods manufacturing wastewater
ZG games and toys manufacturing wastewater
ZH medical and dental instruments and supplies manufacturing wastewater
ZI other manufacturing wastewater
aA discarded resource and waste material recovery and processing wastewater
aB metal scrap and dross processing wastewater
aC non-metal scrap and dross processing wastewater
aD other discarded resource and waste material recovery and processing wastewater
bA wastewater related to electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
cA wastewater related to water production and supply
cB wastewater related to tap
...