ISO 23043:2021
(Main)Evaluation methods for industrial wastewater treatment reuse processes
Evaluation methods for industrial wastewater treatment reuse processes
This document specifies the principles and framework for comprehensive evaluation of industrial wastewater treatment reuse processes, including: a) establishing goals and scope; b) illustrating the evaluation procedure; and c) determination of evaluation indicators (technology indicator/sub-indicators, environment indicator/sub-indicators, resource indicator/sub-indicators, economy indicator/sub-indicators). This document describes how to comprehensively evaluate industrial wastewater treatment reuse processes using the proposed calculation approaches and recommended indicators. It does not specify methodologies for single evaluation indicators. The document is intended to provide assistance to a broad range of industrial wastewater treatment and reuse project stakeholders including professionals (planning, management, designers, and operators), administrative agencies (monitoring, assessment, regulation and administration) and local authorities. This document is applicable to a) evaluating comparing and selecting industrial wastewater treatment reuse processes, b) implementing continuous improvements, c) upgrading processes and improving performance for existing treatment and reuse facilities. The intended application of the comprehensive evaluation result is considered within the goal and scope definition.
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General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23043
First edition
2021-03
Evaluation methods for industrial
wastewater treatment reuse processes
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Evaluation principles . 2
4.1 Comprehensiveness . 2
4.2 Operability . 3
4.3 Relevance . 3
4.4 Transparency . 3
5 Evaluation procedure . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Procedure description . 4
6 Evaluation . 5
6.1 Evaluation indicators . 5
6.2 Evaluation method description . 6
6.2.1 General. 6
6.2.2 Evaluation steps . 6
6.2.3 Example evaluation table . 8
Annex A (informative) List of evaluation indicators and sub-indicators .12
Annex B (informative) Quantify qualitative sub-indicators .17
Annex C (informative) Determination of weights .18
Annex D (informative) Example of evaluation case .20
Bibliography .30
Foreword
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iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 282, Water reuse, Subcommittee SC 4,
Industrial water reuse.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Reuse of industrial wastewater is an important strategy for reducing freshwater consumption and
[6,10,14]
wastewater generation. Treated industrial wastewater can be used for various purposes . The
dominant industrial applications are cooling water for power generation, boiler feed water, equipment
cleaning and general process water uses. Reused water may also be applied for non-industrial
[9,13,14]
applications most typically including toilet and urinal flushing, and landscape irrigation .
Currently, various methods are applied to evaluate the resource use, energy and environmental
performance respectively, which can be also used in industrial systems, including Life Cycle Assessment
(ISO 14040), Environmental Risk Assessment (IEC 31010), Best Available Technology (Directive
2010/75/EU), Ecological Footprint (ISO 14046), Circular Economy (BS 8001) and other methods
[1,2,16,17]
. The primary evaluation criteria selection for industrial wastewater treatment reuse processes
has historically been based on a cost-benefit analysis, however, economic factors are no longer the main
decision factor, nowadays, industries take into consideration a number of sustainable factors, including
[2,7,9,10,15-18]
economics, environment, social and technology characteristics .
The evaluation of wastewater treatment reuse processes requires systematic methods to evaluate the
[2,10,18]
performance expectations of alternative wastewater treatment reuse processes .
This document provides guidelines for assessing wastewater treatment reuse processes through
enhanced information analysis, to ensure protection of environmental and human health, to promote
the transition of the circular economy and improve water management.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23043:2021(E)
Evaluation methods for industrial wastewater treatment
reuse processes
1 Scope
This document specifies the principles and framework for comprehensive evaluation of industrial
wastewater treatment reuse processes, including:
a) establishing goals and scope;
b) illustrating the evaluation procedure; and
c) determination of evaluation indicators (technology indicator/sub-indicators, environment
indicator/sub-indicators, resource indicator/sub-indicators, economy indicator/sub-indicators).
This document describes how to comprehensively evaluate industrial wastewater treatment reuse
processes using the proposed calculation approaches and recommended indicators. It does not specify
methodologies for single evaluation indicators.
The document is intended to provide assistance to a broad range of industrial wastewater treatment and
reuse project stakeholders including professionals (planning, management, designers, and operators),
administrative agencies (monitoring, assessment, regulation and administration) and local authorities.
This document is applicable to
a) evaluating comparing and selecting industrial wastewater treatment reuse processes,
b) implementing continuous improvements,
c) upgrading processes and improving performance for existing treatment and reuse facilities.
The intended application of the comprehensive evaluation result is considered within the goal and
scope definition.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20670, Water reuse — Vocabulary
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20670 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
Delphi method
information-gathering technique used as a way to reach consensus of experts on a subject
Note 1 to entry: The Delphi method is applied as consensus tool for determining weights of indicators/sub-
indicators in this document.
Note 2 to entry: A facilitator uses a questionnaire to solicit ideas about the important project points related to the
subject. The responses are summarized and are then recirculated to the experts for further comment. Consensus
may be reached in a few rounds of this process.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.1102]
3.1.2
indicator
quantitative or qualitative measure of impacts
[SOURCE: ISO 19208:2016, 3.8]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
The abbreviated terms in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Abbreviated terms
Abbreviation Full term
BOD 5-day biochemical oxygen demand
COD chemical oxygen demand
ELR environment load ratio
ESI energy sustainability index
EYR the energy yield ratio
GHG greenhouse gas
GWP global warming potential
LCY local currency
PAC poly-aluminum chloride
PAM polyacrylamide
TDS total dissolved solids
TSS total suspended solids
4 Evaluation principles
4.1 Comprehensiveness
The evaluation system provides a multi-criteria analysis framework to evaluate alternatives using
parameters that are relevant to the proposed processes. The analysis considers all attributes of multiple
indicators (technology, environment, resource, and economy) and address specific requirements by
using sub-indicators based on the evaluation indicators, which are consistent with factors involved
[2,7]
in a Sustainability Analysis to a certain extent . Other social or political criteria can be taken into
[9]
account according to local policy or regulations .
a) Technology
Address the technological parameters of the industrial wastewater treatment processes applied for
water reuse.
b) Environment
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Address the environmental parameters and impacts of the industrial wastewater treatment processes
applied for water reuse system.
c) Resource
Address the resource recovery,
...
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