ISO 12877:2011
(Main)Traceability of finfish products — Specification on the information to be recorded in farmed finfish distribution chains
Traceability of finfish products — Specification on the information to be recorded in farmed finfish distribution chains
ISO 12877:2011 specifies the information to be recorded in farmed finfish supply chains in order to establish the traceability of products originating from farmed finfish. It specifies how traded fishery products are to be identified, and the information to be generated and held on those products by each of the food businesses that physically trade them through the distribution chains. It is specific to the distribution for human consumption of farmed finfish and their products, from finfish meal, breeding and finfish farming through to retailers or caterers.
Traçabilité des produits de la pêche — Spécifications relatives aux informations à enregistrer dans les chaînes de distribution des poissons d'élevage
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12877
First edition
2011-08-15
Traceability of finfish products —
Specification on the information to be
recorded in farmed finfish distribution
chains
Traçabilité des produits de la pêche — Spécifications relatives aux
informations à enregistrer dans les chaînes de distribution des poissons
d'élevage
Reference number
ISO 12877:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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ISO 12877:2011(E)
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ISO 12877:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Abbreviations.2
5 Principle.3
6 Requirements.4
6.1 Identification of the units traded.4
6.2 Recording of information.4
6.3 Fish feed production .6
6.4 Breeders .10
6.5 Hatcheries .12
6.6 Fish farms.16
6.7 Live fish transporters.20
6.8 Processors .23
6.9 Transporters and storers.28
6.10 Traders and wholesalers .31
6.11 Retailers and caterers.34
6.12 Bringing in supplies from outside the domain.36
Bibliography.40
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ISO 12877:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12877 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 234, Fisheries and aquaculture.
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ISO 12877:2011(E)
Introduction
There are increasing demands for detailed information on the nature and origin of food products. Traceability
is becoming a legal and commercial necessity.
The ISO definition of traceability concerns the ability to trace the history, application and location of that which
is under consideration, and for products this can include the origin of materials and parts, the processing
history and the distribution and location of the product after delivery. Traceability includes not only the
principal requirement to be able to physically trace products through the distribution chain, from origin to
destination and vice versa, but also to be able to provide information on what they are made of and what has
happened to them. These further aspects of traceability are important in relation to food safety, quality and
labelling.
The scheme specified in this International Standard does not demand perfect traceability, i.e. that a particular
retail product should be traceable back to a single farm and batch of origin, or vice versa from origin to
destination. Pragmatically, it is recognized that mixing of units is likely to occur at a number of stages in the
distribution chains, e.g. in grading at auction markets prior to sale and in the processing of raw materials into
products. Where such mixing occurs, the food business is transforming the trade units. The requirement for
traceability is that the business records the IDs of the received trade units that may be input to each created
trade unit, and vice versa. The particular product is then traceable back to a finite number of farms and
batches of origin, and vice versa.
Given the enormous variety of fish products and of their distribution chains that operate within and between
different countries, and varying legal requirements, the information specifications cannot itemize all the
information that may possibly be required in every situation. This International Standard provides a generic
basis for traceability. Flexibility is allowed for businesses to record further information, in their own
non-standardized files, but keyed to the same unit IDs.
The information remains in the ownership of the food business that generated it, but is available when
required by law for the purposes of traceability (in the event of a food safety problem) or by commercial
agreement between businesses. The structure, names and content of the information is standardized so that it
can be readily communicated from business to business through the distribution chains, ensuring common
understanding of terms and meanings.
Commercial arrangements for businesses to communicate information through the distribution chains are to
be encouraged, particularly for the information desired by the trade to be visible at the various transaction
points in the chains, but that is not the subject of this International Standard.
This International Standard is designed with electronic representation and communication of data in mind, but
this is not a requirement when using this International Standard. The specifications can be met by paper
systems, although the obvious benefits of business efficiency, including rapid communication, will be lost.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12877:2011(E)
Traceability of finfish products — Specification on the
information to be recorded in farmed finfish distribution chains
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the information to be recorded in farmed finfish supply chains in order to
establish the traceability of products originating from farmed finfish. It specifies how traded fishery products
are to be identified, and the information to be generated and held on those products by each of the food
businesses that physically trade them through the distribution chains. It is specific to the distribution for human
consumption of farmed finfish and their products, from finfish meal, breeding and finfish farming through to
retailers or caterers.
NOTE Together with ISO 12875 for captured finfish, this International Standard provides a basis for implementing
chain traceability of finfish.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and
times
ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country
codes
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
traceability
ability to trace the history, application or location of that which is under consideration
NOTE 1 When considering a product, traceability can relate to
⎯ the origin of materials and parts,
⎯ the processing history, and
⎯ the distribution and location of the product after delivery.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.5.4.
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ISO 12877:2011(E)
3.2
Unique Logistic Unit Identifier
ULUI
any composition established for transport and/or storage that needs to be identified and managed through the
supply chain
3.3
Unique Trade Unit Identifier
UTUI
smallest unit which is guaranteed to retain its integrity as it moves from one link of the chain to the next
NOTE UTUI is the smallest unit that is kept whole and undivided with no change in content or label/identification.
4 Abbreviations
In this document, the following abbreviations apply.
EFSIS European Food Safety Inspection Service
ACC Aquaculture Certification Council
EPC Electronic Product Code, a unique number provided by GS1 used to identify instances of trade
items (individual trade units) particularly suited for representation in an RFID chip
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FBO Food Business Operator, generic term for someone in the supply chain who processes, sends or
receives relevant trade units or logistic units
GLN Global Location Number, a 13 digit globally unique number provided by GS1 used to identify
parties and physical locations
GMO Genetically Modified Organism
GMP Good Manufacturing Practice
GS1 Global non-profit organization dedicated to the design and implementation of global standards and
solutions to improve the efficiency and visibility of supply and demand chains globally and across
sectors. Previously EAN/UCC
GTIN Global Trade Item Number, a 8-14 digit globally unique number provided by GS1 used to identify
types of trade items (product types)
HACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points
HS Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System
ID Identifier
LU Logistic Unit
RFID Radio-Frequency Identification, the use of an object (typically referred to as an RFID tag) applied
to or incorporated into a product for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves
RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organization
SGTIN Serialized Global Trade Item Number, a unique number provided by GS1 used to identify
instances of trade items (individual trade units) by extending the GTIN
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ISO 12877:2011(E)
SSCC Serial Shipping Container Code, an 18 digit globally unique number provided by GS1 used to
identify logistics units
TU Trade Unit
5 Principle
The fundamental principle of chain traceability is that Trade Units (TU) shall be identified by unique codes (UI).
This code may be globally unique in itself (for instance the GS1 SGTIN or EPC numbers) or it could be unique
in that particular scope only, which means that there should be no other TUs in that part of the chain that may
have the same number. If the scope (the company, the chain, the sector, the country, the product type, or
similar) is assigned a globally unique number, the combination of the globally unique scope number and the
locally unique TU number shall constitute a globally unique identifier for the TU.
NOTE 1 The UTUI term is introduced to indicate a TU identifier which is, or can be made, globally unique.
TUs may be grouped together to make Logistic Units (LUs) or LUs may be grouped together to make higher
level LUs. A fundamental principle of chain traceability is that logistic units shall be identified by a unique code.
This code may be globally unique in itself (for instance the GS1 SSCC code) or it could be unique in that
particular scope only, which means that there should be no other LUs in that part of the chain that may have
the same number. If the scope (the company, the chain, the sector, the country, the product type, or similar) is
assigned a globally unique number, the combination of the globally unique scope number and the locally
unique LU number shall constitute a globally unique identifier for the LU.
NOTE 2 The ULUI term is introduced to indicate a LU identifier which is, or can be made, globally unique.
The key to the operation of this traceability scheme is the labelling of each unit of goods traded, whether of
raw materials or finished products, with a unique ID. This shall be done by the food business that creates each
unit. Businesses that transform units, such as processors who convert the units of raw materials received into
the products dispatched, shall create new units and shall give them new IDs.
As indicated above, the simplest way of implementing UTUIs and ULUIs is to use the GS1 SGTIN/EPC and
SSCC codes. This practice is recommended, but is not mandatory. The central principle behind this
International Standard is that businesses which create TUs or LUs should assign unique numbers to them.
Each of the food businesses that create or physically trade in those units, throughout the distribution chains
from catcher through to retailer or caterer, shall generate and hold the information necessary for traceability.
The information is to be held on paper or electronically, keyed to the unit IDs.
The types of businesses identified in this International Standard for farmed finfish distribution chains are as
follows:
⎯ fish feed production, see 6.3;
⎯ breeders, see 6.4;
⎯ hatcheries, see 6.5;
⎯ fish farms, see 6.6;
⎯ live fish transporters, see 6.7;
⎯ processors, see 6.8;
⎯ transporters and storers, see 6.9;
⎯ traders and wholesalers, see 6.10;
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ISO 12877:2011(E)
⎯ retailers and caterers, see 6.11.
Any given farmed finfish distribution chain may be made up of some or all of these components but not
necessarily in the sequence listed.
6 Requirements
6.1 Identification of the units traded
Businesses that bring in supplies of fishery products from outside of the domain of the specifications and trade
them onwards shall identify each unit traded and record associated information elements as indicated in
Table 3 to Table 12.
6.2 Recording of information
To distinguish between the different categories of information, all information elements are classified as either
“shall”, “should” or “may”; for definitions, see Table 1.
Table 1 — Classification of informative elements
Definition Explanation
“shall” This category contains recordings related to “Shall” elements are data elements that it is deemed
identifiers and transformations that are necessary in necessary to record to ensure that traceability is
order to trace the history, application or location of an possible. Data elements relating to product
entity. This means the unique identity of trade and properties are not in this category, even if these
logistic units, as well as the dependencies between properties are essential for other purposes like
the identifiers of inputs and outputs in a process. product documentation or food safety.
“should” This category contains parameters that describe and This includes parameters like “species”, “ID of food
provide supporting information on the units being business”, “production date”, etc. If certification
traced. Common parameters required by law, according to this International Standard is to happen
commercial requirements or good manufacturing in the future, the “should” parameters are to be
practises are recorded, but only where an considered.
established international format or data list for the
value exists.
“may” This category contains parameters that describe and The “may” category is informative only, and it is
provide supporting information on the units being included to enable use and uptake of this
traced. It contains parameters that are not part of the International Standard. If certification according to
“should” category, but that may still be useful or this International Standard is to happen in the future,
relevant to record. It also contains parameters that the recording of “may” parameters are not to be
may be deemed important, but where no established considered when evaluating adherence. The list of
international format or data list exists. “may” elements is not definitive or exclusive, it is by
design extendible, and the threshold for including
new elements in this category is low.
Businesses that physically trade in fishery products shall generate and hold the required information,
appropriate to the type of business, for each of the units traded.
The detailed information requirements are tabulated in Table 2.
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ISO 12877:2011(E)
Table 2 — Information requirements to be recorded by the different businesses
Data
Create/
Food Business Operator (FBO) type Table Receive Transform Dispatch
a
Produce
prefix
Fish feed producers 3 FFE TU/LU Yes TU/LU TU/LU
Breeders 4 FBR TU/LU TU/LU
Hatcheries 5 FHA TU/LU Yes TU/LU TU/LU
Fish farms 6 FFF TU/LU Yes TU/LU TU/LU
Live fish transporters 7 FTR TU/LU No LU TU/LU
Processors 8 FPR TU/LU Yes TU/LU TU/LU
Transporters and storers 9 FTS TU/LU No LU TU/LU
Traders and wholesalers 10 FTW TU/LU No TU/LU TU/LU
Retailers and caterers 11 FRC TU/LU
Bringing in materials from outside the 12 FOT TU/LU
domain
a
For the purposes of unique identification to establish an extendable framework for data element identification, each table has been
identified with a three letter alphanumeric code. This code plus three digits is used to give a unique number to each data element.
The information specifications separately tabulate the information to be recorded by each of these types of
business. Some businesses may carry out the functions of more than one of the types listed, for example
distribution businesses may act as wholesalers and as transporters, in which case those businesses shall
record the relevant information requirements for each of the functions carried out.
NOTE 1 This International Standard is limited in scope to the distribution for human consumption of farmed finfish and
their products. The captured and farmed finfish information specifications are substantially the same from processing
onward.
Pragmatically, it is recognized that some supplies of fish products and supplies of ingredients, etc., will come
from outside of the domain and may lack the required IDs and information records. To accommodate this, a
business that brings in fish and materials from outside of the domain is required to generate and hold the key
information necessary for the traceability of the units brought in, and if they are to be traded on, to label those
units with the required IDs.
NOTE 2 These specifications are designed with electronic representation and communication of data in mind, but this
is not a requirement when using this International Standard. The specifications can be met by paper systems, although the
obvious benefits of business efficiency, including rapid communication, will be lost.
Note that the specification is for data to be generated, recorded and stored at the respective link. For all links
except “Breeders”, relevant data shall be generated in a previous link in the supply chain and passed along
with the trade unit/logistic unit.
NOTE 3 In these tabulations, there is no repetition of the information originally recorded to describe the units created
and their history, although businesses receiving those units later in the distribution chain will often need some of that
information. The information is keyed to the unit IDs and can be supplied by commercial agreement between the
businesses without having to re-input the data.
Codes (country prefix) for the names of countries, dependent territories and special areas of geographical
interest shall be given in accordance with ISO 3166-1.
Date and time should be given in the formats specified in ISO 8601.
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May
Should
Shall
ISO 12877:2011(E)
6.3 Fish feed production
For the purposes of this International Standard, fish feed producers are considered to be businesses that
produce fish feed based on an indefinite range of ingredients. They may be considered as an equivalent to the
processors but will be presented as a separate link in this International Standard. Fish feed producers create
new trade units that can range from one feed bag to bulk units of several hundreds of tons passed into the
hands of the next food business.
Table 3 — Detailed information for fish feed production
Categorization
Data element Description Examples
FISH FEED
Country prefix plus unique national
NO - 123467890
identification number for the
Uni Fishfeed
FFE101 Food business ID organization, as well as the name x
1234 Narvik
and address of the food business
Norway
that operates the feed company
Country prefix plus unique national
NO - 123467890
identification number for the
Feed producer Uni Fishfeed dep. 02 1234 Narvik
FFE102 organization, as well as the name x
establishment ID Norway
and address or GLN of the feed
NO02F1234B
plant establishment
Feed producer GMP
FFE103 Names of certification schemes SGS x
certification
Further information elements that
FFE150- (unassigned) describe the organization, linked to x
feed producer establishment ID
FOR EACH UNIT RECEIVED
Identities
ULUI (if received as a logistic unit)
(00) 100653005555555558
FFE201 Unit ID or UTUI (if received as a separate x
978817525.0766.000010272
trade unit)
978817525.0766.000010123
If received as a logistic unit, the IDs
FFE202 Trade unit IDs of the trade units within the logistic 978817525.0766.000010131 x
unit
978817525.0766.000010272
Source
Country prefix plus unique national
identification number for the NO - 123467890
Previous Food Fishmeal A/S, Florø
organization, as well as the name
FFE203 x
Business ID
and address or GLN of food NO SF 123
business that operates fish meal/oil Norway
etc., producer establishment
Date and time of
FFE204 ISO 8601 format 2010-06-20T14:15 x
reception
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May
Should
Shall
ISO 12877:2011(E)
Table 3 (continued)
Categorization
Data element Description Examples
Control checks (either on logistic or separate trade units)
Type of checks and measured
results (organoleptic, physical,
Quality control chemical and microbiological, etc.)
FFE205 Yes, electronic form x
checks or indication if records are available
in electronic form, on paper or are
not available
Production history
Temperature/time log of the Series of temperature (°C)/date
FFE206 Temperature record product holding area for the period and time points in ISO 8601 x
between reception and processing format
Transformation information
978817525.0766.000010123
List of IDs of created trade units
Related created trade
FFE207 that may incorporate part of this 978817525.0766.000010131 x
unit IDs
received trade unit
978817525.0766.000010272
UTUI-1 33 %, 7 250 kg
Fraction (%, kilos) of the received
FFE208 Fractions trade unit that goes into each UTUI-2 33 %, 7 250 kg x
created unit
UTUI-3 33 %, 7 250 kg
Additional data
Further information elements that
FFE250- (unassigned) describe the received trade/logistic x
unit, linked to UTUI/ULUI
FOR EACH NEW TRADE UNIT CREATED
Identity
FFE301 Unit ID UTUI 978817525.0766.000010123 x
Description
Net weight of created trade unit
FFE302 Net weight 10 kg x
(kg)
FFE303 Type of unit Bags, bulk, etc. Bulk x
FFE304 Name/type of product Smolt feed (commercial name) Dynamic blue x
Time of packing/labelling at end of
FFE305 Production date 2010-06-15 x
line, ISO 8601 format
FFE306 Product form Meal, pellets, pellets size, etc. Pellets, 2,5 – 7,0 mm x
List of ingredient names and % by Fat 37 %
FFE307 Composition x
weight Protein 55 %
Any use of GMO or products from
FFE308 GMO GMO in product or raw material; No x
Yes or No
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May
Should
Shall
ISO 12877:2011(E)
Table 3 (continued)
Categorization
Data element Description Examples
Best before or sell by date, as
FFE309 Date of durability Best before 2010-06-30 x
appropriate, ISO 8601 format
Records of further details of
product specification are available
FFE310 Product specification Paper x
in electronic form, on paper or are
not available
SCI - followed by scientific name,
or
FAO - followed by FAO 3alpha
SCI - Mallotus villosus
code, or
Marine species that
FFE311 FAO - CAP x
went into fish meal
TSN - followed by Taxonomic
TSN - 162035
Serial Number
(may be repeated if several
species)
FAO area/RFMO area for captured
marine fish, or country of origin for
captured fish from inland waters
FFE312 Area/country of origin Spain x
and for farmed fish, or more
specific location (may be several
areas)
Production history
Records of process specification
FFE313 Process specification are available in electronic form, on Paper x
paper or are not available
The business's own IDs of the
FFE314 Production lines IDs A3, B4 x
particular production lines used
Records of HACCP analysis and
critical control point checks are
FFE315 HACCP Paper x
available in electronic form, on
paper or are not available
Type of checks and measured
results (swab tests, etc.) or
FFE316 Hygiene checks indication if records are available in Paper x
electronic form, on paper or are not
available
Temperature/time record or
indication if records are available in
FFE317 Temperature records Electronic x
electronic form, on paper or are not
available
Type of checks and measured
results (organoleptic, physical,
Product quality chemical and microbiological, etc.)
FFE318 Total bacterial count, 106/g x
control checks or indication if records are available
in electronic form, on paper or are
are not available
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May
Should
Shall
ISO 12877:2011(E)
Table 3 (continued)
Categorization
Data element Description Examples
Transformation information
978817525.0766.000010123
Related received List of IDs of received trade units
FFE319 978817525.0766.000010131 x
trade unit IDs that make up this created trade unit
978817525.0766.000010272
UTUI-1 Fraction (25 % 50 kg)
Fraction (%, kilos) of the created
UTUI-2 Fraction (25 % 50 kg)
FFE320 Fractions unit that was made up by each x
UTUI-3 Fraction (25 % 50 kg)
received trade unit
UTUI-4 Fraction (25 % 50 kg)
Additional data
Further information elements
...
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