ISO 22840:2010

Intelligent transport systems — Devices to aid reverse manoeuvres — Extended-range backing aid systems (ERBA)

ISO 22840:2010 for extended-range backing aids (ERBA) addresses light-duty vehicles [e.g. passenger cars, pick-up trucks, light vans and sport utility vehicles (motorcycles excluded)] equipped with such ERBA systems. ISO 22840:2010 establishes minimum functionality requirements that the driver can expect of the system, such as the detection of and information on the presence of relevant obstacles within a defined detection range. ISO 22840:2010 also sets minimum requirements for failure indication as well as performance test procedures. ISO 22840:2010 includes rules for the general information strategy but does not restrict the kind of information or display system. ERBA systems are intended to provide backing aid functionality over an extended area located aft of the subject vehicle. ERBA systems are not intended for short-range detection of obstacles located immediately behind the vehicle. If a short-range detection system is needed, either in lieu of or in addition to an ERBA system, reference can be made to ISO 17386. ISO 22840:2010 does not include reversing aids and obstacle-detection devices for use on heavy commercial vehicles. Requirements for those systems are defined in ISO/TR 12155. ISO 22840:2010 does not include visibility-enhancement systems, such as video-camera aids that do not have distance ranging and warning capabilities. ERBA systems use object-detection devices (sensors) for detection and ranging in order to provide the driver with information based on the distance to obstacles. The sensing technology is not addressed; however, technology does affect the performance test procedures defined in ISO 22840:2010. The test objects are defined based on systems using ultrasonic and radar sensors, which are the most commonly used detection technology for long-range applications at the time of publication of ISO 22840:2010. ERBA systems are intended to supplement the interior and exterior rear view mirrors, not eliminate the requirement for such mirrors. Automatic actions (e.g. applying brakes to prevent a collision between the subject vehicle and the obstacle) are not addressed in ISO 22840:2010. Responsibility for the safe operation of the vehicle remains with the driver. ERBA systems calculate a dynamic estimate of collision danger (e.g. perhaps using a time-to-collision algorithm) and warn the driver that immediate attention is required in order to avoid colliding with the detected obstacle. A dynamic warning is necessary for the higher vehicle speeds that occur in backing events where the relative closing velocities between the vehicle and the obstacle are greater as compared to low-speed situations, such as parking. The purpose of this dynamic warning is to deliver a more urgent warning to the driver in order for the driver to take timely action. Distance indications are optional, but if so included, it is recommended that reference be made to ISO 15008 for requirements.

Systèmes intelligents de transport — Dispositifs d'aide aux manoeuvres de marche-arrière — Système d'aide à la marche-arrière à gamme de distances étendue (ERBA)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Mar-2010
• ICS: 35.240.60 - IT applications in transport
• ICS: 43.040.15 - Car informatics. On board computer systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 204 - Intelligent transport systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 204/WG 14 - Vehicle/roadway warning and control systems
• Current Stage: 9060 - Close of review
• Completion Date: 04-Jun-2026

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22840
First edition
2010-04-15
Intelligent transport systems — Devices
to aid reverse manoeuvres — Extended-
range backing aid systems (ERBA)
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Dispositifs d'aide aux manœuvres
de marche-arrière — Système d'aide à la marche-arrière à gamme de
distances étendue (ERBA)
Reference number
©
ISO 2010
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .4
5 Functional and performance requirements .5
5.1 Steering angle.5
5.2 Detection range .5
5.3 Minimum performance requirements .5
5.4 Detection latency.6
5.5 Driver interface and information strategy.7
5.6 System activation .9
5.7 System deactivation.9
5.8 Operation with trailers .9
5.9 Presence detection requirements.9
5.10 Dynamic detection requirements.11
5.11 Self-test capabilities and failure indications .12
6 Requirements and tests for components .12
7 Test requirements .12
7.1 Test objects.12
7.2 Ambient conditions — General.13
7.3 Response time for object detection .13
7.4 Test requirements — Presence warning.14
7.5 Test requirements — Dynamic warning.15
7.6 Detection acceptance criteria — Presence warning.17
7.7 Detection acceptance criteria — Dynamic warning.19
Annex A (normative) Examples.20
Bibliography.24

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22840 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Extended-range backing aids (ERBA) are detection devices with non-contact sensors that assist the driver
during low- to mid-speed backing manoeuvring. These systems detect and warn the driver of objects in the
pathway of the vehicle. In comparison to low-speed-only devices whose main purpose is assisting in parking
manoeuvres (e.g. ISO 17386), the purpose of the ERBA is to assist in higher-speed backing manoeuvres
associated with traversing longer distances.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22840:2010(E)

Intelligent transport systems — Devices to aid reverse
manoeuvres — Extended-range backing aid systems (ERBA)
1 Scope
This International Standard for extended-range backing aids (ERBA) addresses light-duty vehicles
[e.g. passenger cars, pick-up trucks, light vans and sport utility vehicles (motorcycles excluded)] equipped with
such ERBA systems. This International Standard establishes minimum functionality requirements that the
driver can expect of the system, such as the detection of and information on the presence of relevant
obstacles within a defined detection range. This International Standard also sets minimum requirements for
failure indication as well as performance test procedures. This International Standard includes rules for the
general information strategy but does not restrict the kind of information or display system.
ERBA systems are intended to provide backing aid functionality over an extended area located aft of the
subject vehicle. ERBA systems are not intended for short-range detection of obstacles located immediately
behind the vehicle. If a short-range detection system is needed, either in lieu of or in addition to an ERBA
system, reference can be made to ISO 17386.
This International Standard does not include reversing aids and obstacle-detection devices for use on heavy
commercial vehicles. Requirements for those systems are defined in ISO/TR 12155. This International
Standard does not include visibility-enhancement systems, such as video-camera aids that do not have
distance ranging and warning capabilities.
ERBA systems use object-detection devices (sensors) for detection and ranging in order to provide the driver
with information based on the distance to obstacles. The sensing technology is not addressed; however,
technology does affect the performance test procedures defined in this International Standard. The test
objects are defined based on systems using ultrasonic and radar sensors, which are the most commonly used
detection technology for long-range applications at the time of publication of this International Standard.
ERBA systems are intended to supplement the interior and exterior rear view mirrors, not eliminate the
requirement for such mirrors. Automatic actions (e.g. applying brakes to prevent a collision between the
subject vehicle and the obstacle) are not addressed in this International Standard. Responsibility for the safe
operation of the vehicle remains with the driver.
ERBA systems calculate a dynamic estimate of collision danger [e.g. perhaps using a time-to-collision, (TTC)
algorithm] and warn the driver that immediate attention is required in order to avoid colliding with the detected
obstacle. A dynamic warning is necessary for the higher vehicle speeds that occur in backing events where
the relative closing velocities between the vehicle and the obstacle are greater as compared to low-speed
situations, such as parking. The purpose of this dynamic warning is to deliver a more urgent warning to the
driver in order for the driver to take timely action. Distance indications are optional, but if so included, it is
recommended that reference be made to ISO 15008 for requirements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15006, Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems —
Specifications and compliance procedures for in-vehicle auditory presentation
ISO 15008, Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems —
Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
extended-range backing aid (ERBA) system
system capable of warning a driver of the presence of obstacles in an area behind the vehicle and issuing a
warning to indicate immediate driver action is required
3.2
system activation
process of transitioning the system's operation from a quiescent mode to an active mode
NOTE In an active mode, the system is monitoring the zone of regard. It is evaluating the objects detected and is
generating the appropriate indications and/or warnings to the driver.
3.3
audible information and warning
acoustical indication or signal used to convey information to the driver about obstacles in the zone of regard
NOTE For examples, see Annex A.
3.4
visual information and warning
optical indication or signal used to convey information to the driver about obstacles in the zone of regard
NOTE For examples, see Annex A.
3.5
tactile information and warning
physical stimulus used to convey information to the driver about obstacles in the zone of regard
NOTE For examples, see Annex A.
3.6
zone of regard
specific area behind the vehicle that is monitored by the ERBA system as defined in this International
Standard
3.7
sensor
component that detects the obstacle(s) in the zone of regard, independent of the technology used
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

3.8
test object
standard test target used for testing a system
NOTE The test object is comprised of a specific material, geometry and surface for standardized testing of obstacles
within the system's zone of regard. It is expected that the test object yield comparable results for different sensor types.
See 7.1.
3.9
warning levels
intensity of the warnings conveyed to the driver about the threat of obstacles in the zone of regard
NOTE For examples, see Annex A.
3.10
closing speed
relative velocity between the subject vehicle and the detected obstacle, regardless of whether one or both
is/are stationary or moving
NOTE For examples, see Annex A.
3.11
distance indication
provides the driver information on the specific distance between the subject vehicle and the obstacle
3.12
presence warning
information provided to the driver on the presence of an obstacle in the zone of regard
NOTE The purposes of this warning are to
⎯ alert the driver of objects located in the zone of regard before
...