ISO 37155-2:2021

Framework for integration and operation of smart community infrastructures - Part 2: Holistic approach and the strategy for development, operation and maintenance of smart community infrastructures

This document describes the interactions of smart community infrastructures (interactions between multiple infrastructures, between infrastructures and stakeholders, and between infrastructures and the external environment). It describes the framework (a set of processes and methodologies) for these interactions to ensure the consistency of smart community infrastructures is well identified and managed. There are two potential use cases for this document. The first is for the green field site, where all the smart community infrastructures can be designed and developed at the same time. This is of value to planners and investors of major new infrastructure developments. The second is for the brown field site and builds on the first and will support efficient management of an existing urban area by taking into account the increasing interdependencies of the infrastructures on each other and the way they should be managed as a system of systems. This document will also take into account accelerating technological and environmental changes. Since this framework aims to ensure the consistency among different systems consisting of smart community infrastructures, the scope of this document does not overlap with any existing works that are developed or being developed at the existing TCs addressing issues at individual infrastructure level. NOTE This document describes a management case (not a management system), i.e. specific processes that an organization needs to follow in order to meet specific objectives of this document.

Cadre pour l’intégration et l’exploitation des infrastructures communautaires intelligentes — Partie 2: Approche holistique et stratégie pour le développement, le fonctionnement et la maintenance des infrastructures communautaires intelligentes

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 04-May-2021
• ICS: 13.020.20 - Environmental economics. Sustainability
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 1 - Smart community infrastructures
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 1/WG 2 - Integration and interaction framework for smart community infrastructures
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 05-May-2021
• Due Date: 26-Oct-2021
• Completion Date: 05-May-2021

Overview

ISO 37155-2:2021 provides a holistic framework for the integration, development, operation and maintenance of smart community infrastructures. The standard addresses interactions between multiple infrastructures, stakeholders and the external environment to ensure consistent, system-level performance of smart community solutions. It is framed as a management case (specific processes to follow), not a management system, and supports two primary use cases:

• Greenfield: coordinated design and deployment of all smart community infrastructures for new developments (of interest to planners and investors).
• Brownfield: retrofitting and managing existing urban areas by accounting for growing interdependencies across infrastructures.

Keywords: ISO 37155-2, smart community infrastructures, holistic approach, system of systems, integration, lifecycle.

Key Topics and Requirements

ISO 37155-2 structures guidance around a clear set of technical topics and lifecycle requirements:

• Layered view of infrastructures - system layer, infrastructure layer, and sub-infrastructure layer to clarify scope and responsibilities.
• Life cycle phases - initiation, concept, design (basic concept, plan, fundamental and implementation design), tendering, construction and assessment, operation & maintenance, redevelopment/rehabilitation, and decommissioning.
• Consistency process - a V-process and general process model to set targets, analyze solutions, verify/validate functionality, monitor performance and drive improvements.
• Verification and validation guidance - phase-specific recommendations to ensure that both individual subsystems and the integrated system meet community objectives.
• Roles and responsibilities - allocation of accountability across community authorities, investors, developers, operators and service providers.
• Adaptation drivers - consideration of accelerating technological change and environmental factors when planning and operating infrastructures.

Keywords: verification and validation, lifecycle phases, consistency, V-process, stakeholders, interoperability.

Practical Applications and Who Uses This Standard

ISO 37155-2 is practical for organizations involved in planning, financing, designing, operating or regulating smart community projects:

• Planners and investors evaluating coordinated greenfield developments or large-scale urban projects.
• City and community authorities managing brownfield upgrades and strategic urban resilience.
• Developers, infrastructure owners and operators seeking to align multiple systems (energy, mobility, water, ICT) as a system of systems.
• Service providers and integrators responsible for cross-domain interoperability, performance monitoring and maintenance strategies.
• Lenders and risk assessors requiring structured evidence of system-level consistency and validation.

Typical uses include designing a new smart district, integrating legacy systems into a digital urban platform, or establishing lifecycle-based operation and maintenance plans.

Related Standards

ISO 37155-2 is complementary to other ISO and IEC work on sustainable cities and infrastructure domains. It intentionally focuses on cross-infrastructure consistency and does not duplicate standards addressing individual infrastructure sectors (energy, transport, water, ICT). For comprehensive implementation, combine ISO 37155-2’s system-level framework with sector-specific standards and technical guidance.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37155-2
First edition
2021-05
Framework for integration and
operation of smart community
infrastructures —
Part 2:
Holistic approach and the strategy
for development, operation and
maintenance of smart community
infrastructures
Cadre pour l’intégration et l’exploitation des infrastructures
communautaires intelligentes —
Partie 2: Approche holistique et stratégie pour le développement,
le fonctionnement et la maintenance des infrastructures
communautaires intelligentes
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Understanding of smart community infrastructure layers . 4
4.1 Smart community infrastructure system layer . 4
4.2 Smart community infrastructure layer . 4
4.3 Smart community sub-infrastructure layer . 4
5 Benefits of applying this document . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 General benefits . 5
5.3 Benefits for community authorities . 5
5.4 Benefits for investors or lenders . 5
5.5 Benefits for developers, operators and infrastructure owners . 5
5.6 Benefits for service providers . 6
5.7 Benefits for people in smart communities . 6
6 Life cycle phases of smart community infrastructure . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Initiation (phase 1) . 7
6.2.1 Smart community concept (phase 1-1). 7
6.3 Design of target infrastructures (phase 2) . 8
6.3.1 Basic concept (phase 2-1) . 8
6.3.2 Basic plan (phase 2-2) . . 9
6.3.3 Fundamental design (phase 2-3) .10
6.3.4 Tendering (phase 2-4) . .10
6.3.5 Implementation design (phase 2-5) .11
6.4 Construction and assessment (phase 3) .11
6.4.1 Manufacturing, construction, and installation (phase 3-1) .11
6.4.2 Individual and combination tests and validation (phase 3-2) .11
6.4.3 Overall assessment of smart community infrastructures as a whole
(phase 3-3) .12
6.5 Operation and maintenance (phase 4) .13
6.6 Redevelopment and rehabilitation (phase 5).13
6.7 Decommissioning (phase 6) .14
7 General process to ensure consistency .14
7.1 General .14
7.2 Process overview .14
7.3 Action items in V process (item 2 in Figure) .15
7.3.1 Item 1: Setting the targets for infrastructures .15
7.3.2 Item 2: Analyse the solutions for different infrastructures to achieve the
targets .15
7.3.3 Item 3: Validation and Verification .15
7.3.4 Item 4: Monitoring the performance of infrastructures .15
7.3.5 Item 5: Improve the targets .15
8 Guidelines for ensuring consistency .15
8.1 General .15
8.2 Smart community concept (phase 1-1) .15
8.2.1 Recommendations for verification and validation .15
8.2.2 Responsibility .16
8.3 Basic concept (phase 2-1) .16
8.3.1 Recommendations for verification .16
8.3.2 Recommendations for validation .16
8.3.3 Responsibility .16
8.4 Basic plan (phase 2-2) .16
8.4.1 Recommendations for verification .16
8.4.2 Recommendations for validation .17
8.4.3 Responsibility .17
8.5 Fundamental design (phase 2-3) .17
8.5.1 Recommendations for verification .17
8.5.2 Recommendations for validation .17
8.5.3 Responsibility .17
8.6 Tendering (phase 2-4) .17
8.6.1 Recommendations for verification .17
8.6.2 Responsibility .18
8.7 Implementation design (phase 2-5) .18
8.7.1 Recommendations for verification .18
8.7.2 Recommendations for validation .18
8.7.3 Responsibility .19
8.8 Manufacturing, construction and installation (phase 3-1) .19
8.9 Individual and combination tests and validation (phase 3-2) .19
8.10 Overall assessment and validation (phase 3-3) .19
8.11 Operation and maintenance (phase 4) .19
8.11.1 Recommendations for verification .19
8.11.2 Recommendations for validation .19
8.11.3 Responsibility .20
8.12 Redevelopment and rehabilitation (phase 5).20
8.12.1 Recommendations for verification and validation .20
8.12.2 Responsibility .20
8.13 Decommissioning (phase 6) .20
8.13.1 Recommendations for verification .20
8.13.2 Recommendations for validation .21
8.13.3 Responsibility .21
Bibliography .22
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
Introduction
In the foreseeable future, urban density is likely to increase, resulting in further urbanization
complexity. From this perspective, a “smart community” approach is an important concept to address
the urban challenges by integrating different forms of infrastructures in a rational and efficient manner.
An important aspect of a smart community is integrating infrastructures as “a system of systems”.
In addition to that, smart community has various stakeholders including users, and each smart
community infrastructure has an extended scope lifecycle (See Figure 1). A major benefit of a system
of systems is that the sector specific performance of all infrastructures can be validated with regard to
their contribution to the overall goals of a community. As a result of this validation, these goals can be
adapted and improvement targets for each infrastructure can be derived. Thus, an intended concept of
a smart community being validated and updated through its lifecycle concerning the integration and
operation of smart community infrastructures is realized efficiently at all times (See Figure 2).
Until now, it has not been possible to ensure consistency across infrastructure types to meet the
requirements for smart community infrastructures as owners have focused on just assembling
solutions to each subsystem of infrastructures. In order to ensure consistency of the specification of
smart community infrastructures as a whole, firstly, functions of each subsystem need to be clarified
and arranged based on the needs for a smart community, and secondly, the perspectives of various
stakeholders and lifecycle of infrastructures need to be considered.
To solve the above issues and realize well-functioning smart community infrastructures as a whole,
infrastructure development and operation processes are expected to include a common framework, as
described in ISO/TR 37152, composed of three elements (See Figure 3):
— element (A), allocation of consistent specification requirements to each component of a system and
validation of the allocating procedures;
— element (B), specification requirements associated with interaction and adoption of adequate
measures into planning and operation;
— element (C), process to facilitate information sharing and communication among stakeholders.
On conducting the study, it was found that each stakeholder will have various benefits through applying
this framework. (See Clause 5)
This document provides the guideline to realize element (A), providing guidelines for specification to
ensure consistency of smart community infrastructure and to adopt adequate measures into planning
and operation. Part 1 is about element (B).
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

NOTE The infrastructures, stakeholders and lifecycle phases pictured in this figure are only some of the
examples. Other infrastructure, such as urban agricultural system, might also be included.
Figure 1 — Characteristics of smart community infrastructure
Figure 2 — Workflow of a system of systems concerning integration and operation of smart
community infrastructures
Figure 3 — Three elements of the framework
viii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37155-2:2021(E)
Framework for integration and operation of smart
community infrastructures —
Part 2:
Holistic approach and the strategy for development,
operation and maintenance of smart community
infrastructures
1 Scope
This document describes the interactions of smart community infrastructures (interactions between
multiple infrastructures, between infrastructures and stakeholders, and between infrastructures and
the external environment).
It describes the framework (a set of processes and methodologies) for these interactions to ensure the
consistency of smart community infrastructures is well identified and managed.
There are two potential use cases for this document. The first is for the green field site, where all the
smart community infrastructures can be designed and developed at the same time. This is of value to
planners and investors of major new infrastructure developments.
The second is for the brown field site and builds on the first and will support efficient management of
an existing urban area by taking into account the increasing interdependencies of the infrastructures
on each other and the way they should be managed as a system of systems. This document will also
take into account accelerating technological and environmental changes.
Since this framework aims to ensure the consistency among different systems consisting of smart
community infrastructures, the scope of this document does not overlap with any existing works that
are developed or being developed at the existing TCs addressing issues at individual infrastructure
level.
NOTE This document describes a management case (not a management system), i.e. specific processes that
an organization needs to follow in order to meet specific objectives of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37155-1:2020, Framework for integration and operation of smart community infrastructures — Part 1:
Recommendations for considering opportunities and challenges from interactions in smart community
infrastructures from relevant aspects through the life cycle
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
risk
effect of uncertainty on objectives
Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected — positive and/or negative.
Note 2 to entry: Objectives can have different aspects (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental
goals) and can apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product and process).
Note 3 to entry: Risk is often characterized by reference to potential events and consequences, or a combination
of these.
Note 4 to entry: Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including
changes in circumstances) and the associated likelihood of occurrence.
Note 5 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or
knowledge of an event, its consequences or likelihood.
[SOURCE: ISO 31000: 2018, 3.1, modified — Notes to entry have been revised.]
3.2
verification
confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have been
fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: The objective evidence needed for a verification can be the result of an inspection or of other
forms of determination such as performing alternative calculations or reviewing documents.
Note 2 to entry: The activities carried out for verification are sometimes called a qualification process.
Note 3 to entry: The word “verified” is used to designate the corresponding status.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.8.12]
3.3
validation
confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended
use or application have been fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: The objective evidence needed for a validation is the result of a test or other form of determination
such as performing alternative calculations or reviewing documents.
Note 2 to entry: The word “validated” is used to designate the corresponding status.
Note 3 to entry: The use conditions for validation can be real or simulated.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.8.13]
3.4
developer
organization that is responsible for the development and operation of a smart community by organizing
smart community infrastructures (3.13) in whole, or in part
Note 1 to entry: A developer may order operators (3.6) to operate and maintain smart community infrastructures.
Note 2 to entry: The roles of 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.10, 3.11 and 3.12 can sometimes be performed by a single organization.
EXAMPLE Private developer, municipality.
[SOURCE: ISO 37155-1:2020, 3.4]
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

3.5
infrastructure owner
organization that owns community infrastructure that is, or could be, smart
Note 1 to entry: An infrastructure owner may order operators (3.6) to operate and maintain smart community
infrastructure (3.13).
Note 2 to entry: 1 to entry: The roles of 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.10 and 3.12 are sometimes be performed by a single
organization.
EXAMPLE Owner of railway tracks, owner of sewage lines, municipality.
[SOURCE: ISO 37155-1:2020, 3.5]
3.6
operator
organization that is responsible for operating and maintaining community infrastructure that is, or
could be, smart
Note 1 to entry: An operator may order service providers (3.7) to supply a part of or the whole smart community
infrastructure(s)(3.13).
Note 2 to entry: The roles of 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.10, 3.11 and 3.12 can sometimes be performed by a single organization.
Note 3 to entry: Service provider is included in operator. Operator includes service providers.
EXAMPLE Railway operator, power utilities.
[SOURCE: ISO 37155-1:2020, 3.6]
3.7
service provider
organization that is responsible for suppling a part of or the whole smart community infrastructure(s)
(3.13)
EXAMPLE System integrator, component supplier, ICT vendor.
[SOURCE: ISO 37155-1:2020, 3.7]
3.8
consultant
organization that consults, advises on or creates solutions, and assists developers (3.4), infrastructure
owners (3.5), operators (3.6), service providers (3.7), community authorities (3.9) or investors (3.11)
utilizing its expertise, through development, operation and maintenance of smart community
infrastructure (3.13)
EXAMPLE Civil engineering firm, urban design engineering firm.
[SOURCE: ISO 37155-1:2020, 3.8]
3.9
community authority
organization that develops and maintains regulations to ensure safety, quality, and other important
performances of smart community infrastructure (3.13)
EXAMPLE Governmental agency, a municipality or its counterpart organization for rural areas.
[SOURCE: ISO 37155-1:2020, 3.9]
3.10
regulator
agency or organization that supervises particular utilities with regards to regulations
Note 1 to entry: The roles in 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.10, 3.11 and 3.12 can sometimes be performed by a single organization.
EXAMPLE Governmental agency.
[SOURCE: ISO 37155-1:2020, 3.10]
3.11
investor
organization that invests in development of smart community infrastructures (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: The roles of 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.10, 3.11 and 3.12 can sometimes be performed by a single organization.
EXAMPLE Development bank, commercial bank.
[SOURCE: ISO 37155-1:2020, 3.11]
3.12
lender
organization that lends to developers (3.4), infrastructure owners (3.5) and operators (3.6) of smart
community infrastructure (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: The roles of 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.10, 3.11 and 3.12 can sometimes be performed by a single organization.
EXAMPLE Development b
...