IEC 80416-1:2008
(Main)Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment — Part 1: Creation of graphical symbols for registration
Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment — Part 1: Creation of graphical symbols for registration
IEC 80416-1:2008 provides basic principles and guidelines for the creation of graphical symbols for registration, and provides the key principles and rules for the preparation of title, description and note(s). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - a) Clause 8 in the previous edition is moved to Clause 4; - b) Mandatory requirement for the line width in symbol originals is changed to 2 mm or 4 mm (see 6th paragraph of 7.3); - c) For negation of a graphical symbol, a single diagonal bar is allowed in addition to two diagonal bars at right angles; - d) A new meaning of negation 'do not' is allowed; - e) Some freedom is given for use of the basic pattern such as for symbol originals to be within the 75 mm square instead of the octagon; - f) Annex A (normative) is newly introduced for provisions on title, description and notes; - g) The nature of notes is changed to be purely informative; and - h) Clause 10 in the previous edition is moved to Annex C (informative). It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108. This International Standard has been prepared in co-operation with ISO/TC145/SC 3. It is published as a double logo standard.
Principes de base pour les symboles graphiques utilisables sur le matériel — Partie 1: Création des symboles graphiques pour enregistrement
La CEI 80416-1:2008 fournit les principes de base et les lignes directrices pour la création des symboles graphiques pour enregistrement et fournit les principes clés et les règles pour l'élaboration du titre, de la description et des notes. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2001. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: - a) L'Article 8 de l'édition précédente est déplacé à l'Article 4. - b) L'exigence obligatoire concernant la largeur du trait dans lesdessins originaux de symboles a été changée à 2 mm ou 4 mm (voir 6ème alinéa du paragraphe 7.3); - c) Pour la négation d'un symbole graphique, un seul trait diagonal est permis en plus des deux traits diagonaux perpendiculaires; - d) Une nouvelle forme de négation, 'ne pas' est permise; - e) Un certain degré de liberté est permis pour l'utilisation de la grille de base, comme par exemple pour les dessins originaux de symboles qui doivent être dans le carré de 75 mm à la place de l'octogone; - f) L'Annexe A (normative) est introduite pour des dispositions concernant le titre, la description et les notes; - g) La nature des notes est modifiée pour être purement informative; et - h) L'Article 10 de l'édition précédente est déplacé à l'Annexe C (informative). Elle a le statut d'une norme horizontale conformément au Guide 108 de la CEI. La présente Norme internationale a été établie en coopération avec l'ISO/TC 145/SC 3. Elle est publiée comme norme double logo.
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IEC 80416-1
Edition 2.0 2008-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment –
Part 1: Creation of graphical symbols for registration
Principes de base pour les symboles graphiques utilisables sur le matériel –
Partie 1: Création des symboles graphiques pour enregistrement
IEC 80416-1:2008
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IEC 80416-1
Edition 2.0 2008-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment –
Part 1: Creation of graphical symbols for registration
Principes de base pour les symboles graphiques utilisables sur le matériel –
Partie 1: Création des symboles graphiques pour enregistrement
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
S
CODE PRIX
ICS 01.080.01 ISBN 2-8318-1013-8
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3
INTRODUCTION.5
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Creation procedures .8
5 Meaning .8
5.1 Assignment .8
5.2 Orientation of the graphical symbols.8
6 Combination of graphical symbols .9
7 Creation principles .9
7.1 Creation of symbol original .9
7.2 Design guidelines.10
7.3 Line width.10
7.4 Spacing.11
7.5 Angles.11
7.6 Filled areas .11
7.7 Symbol original with arrows.12
7.8 Characters as symbol elements.12
7.9 Negation .12
7.9.1 Methods of negation .12
7.9.2 Angle of negation .12
7.9.3 Meaning of negation .12
7.9.4 Negation as prohibition.12
8 Basic pattern .13
8.1 Structure .13
8.2 Application of the basic pattern .13
8.3 Specification of symbol original .14
Annex A (normative) Title, description and notes .16
Annex B (informative) Guidance for the wording of the description for a symbol original .18
Annex C (informative) Designation systems .21
Bibliography.22
Figure 1 – Graphical symbols in different orientation.9
Figure 2 – Example of combination of graphical symbols (IEC 60417-5049: “Television”
combined with IEC 60417-5048: “Colour” to give IEC 60417-5050: “Colour television”).9
Figure 3 – Basic pattern.10
Figure 4 – Examples of the use of line width .11
Figure 5 – Examples of negation.12
Figure 6 – Example of non-permitted line beyond the basic pattern.13
Figure 7 – Application examples .14
Figure 8 – Example of the graphical symbol.15
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80416-1 © IEC:2008 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GRAPHICAL
SYMBOLS FOR USE ON EQUIPMENT –
Part 1: Creation of graphical symbols for registration
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 80416-1 has been prepared by IEC subcommittee 3C: Graphical
symbols for use on equipment, of IEC technical committee 3: Information structures,
documentation and graphical symbols.
This International Standard has been prepared in co-operation with ISO/TC145/SC 3.
It is published as a double logo standard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Clause 8 in the previous edition is moved to Clause 4;
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– 4 – 80416-1 © IEC:2008
b) Mandatory requirement for the line width in symbol originals is changed to 2 mm or 4 mm
th
(see 6 paragraph of 7.3);
c) For negation of a graphical symbol, a single diagonal bar is allowed in addition to two
diagonal bars at right angles;
d) A new meaning of negation “do not” is allowed;
e) Some freedom is given for use of the basic pattern such as for symbol originals to be
within the 75 mm square instead of the octagon;
f) Annex A (normative) is newly introduced for provisions on title, description and notes;
g) The nature of notes is changed to be purely informative; and
h) Clause 10 in the previous edition is moved to Annex C (informative).
It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
3C/1590/FDIS 3C/1609/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table. In ISO, the standard has been approved by 7 P members
out of 7 having cast a vote.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
In order to collect all requirements concerning relevant basic principles within one single
numerical series, ISO technical committee 145: Graphical symbols and IEC technical
committee 3 agreed to publish all parts of this International Standard within the 80416 series.
The Technical Management Board of ISO and the Standardization Management Board of IEC
have decided that, for each part of this series, one organisation shall be chosen responsible.
The technical committees involved have agreed not to change any part of International
Standard 80416 without mutual agreement.
International Standard 80416 consists of the following parts, published under the general title
Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment:
Creation of graphical symbols for registration (published by IEC)
Part 1: 2008,
Part 2: 2001, Form and use of arrows (published by ISO)
Guidelines for the application of graphical symbols (published by
Part 3: 2002,
IEC)
Part 4: 2005, Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screen
and displays (icons) (published by ISO)
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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80416-1 © IEC:2008 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
A graphical symbol is defined as a visually perceptible figure with a particular meaning used
to transmit information independently of language. Graphical symbols are used on equipment
for a wide range of purposes. The understanding of such symbols can be improved by
consistent design. This is particularly important where families of symbols are used in one
location or on similar equipment. Good design also helps to maintain the legibility of symbols
when they are reduced to small dimensions for application. Thus, there is a need to
standardize the principles for creating graphical symbols for use on equipment to ensure
visual clarity, to maintain consistency and thereby to improve recognition.
International Standard 80416 is a multi-part standard which provides basic principles and
guidelines for the creation of graphical symbols for use on equipment (Parts 1 and 2) and also
principles and guidelines for adapting registered graphical symbols for use in practice (Parts 3
and 4).
This part of the multi-part standard addresses the basic rules used to create graphical
symbols for use on equipment, including line widths, negation elements, and the use of the
basic pattern. These design principles should be applied to all graphical symbols for use on
equipment. They are required for graphical symbols for registration in IEC 60417 and
ISO 7000.
It is recommended that symbol originals intended for specific fields of application are also
published in the appropriate technical product standard.
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BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GRAPHICAL
SYMBOLS FOR USE ON EQUIPMENT –
Part 1: Creation of graphical symbols for registration
1 Scope
This part of IEC 80416 provides basic principles and guidelines for the creation of graphical
symbols for registration, and provides the key principles and rules for the preparation of title,
description and note(s).
IEC 80416-1 applies to graphical symbols used:
– to identify the equipment or a part of the equipment (for example, controls or displays);
– to indicate functional states or functions (for example, on, off, alarm);
– to designate connections (for example, terminals, filling points);
– to provide information on packaging (for example, identification of content, instructions
for handling);
– to provide instructions for the operation of the equipment (for example, Iimitations of
use).
IEC 80416-1 does not apply to graphical symbols for:
– safety signs;
– use on drawings and diagrams;
– use in technical documentation of products and in technical product documentation;
– use for public information.
This horizontal standard is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the
preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 108.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
horizontal standards in the preparation of its publications. The contents of this horizontal
standard will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment
ISO/IEC Guide 71, Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons
and persons with disabilities
ISO/IEC Guide 74, Graphical symbols – Technical guidelines for the consideration of
consumers' needs
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment – Index and synopsis
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80416-1 © IEC:2008 – 7 –
ISO 80416-2, Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment – Part 2: Form and
use of arrows
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
basic line width
line width used to draw the most significant part of a symbol original; 2 mm or 4 mm
3.2
description
normative text which defines the purpose, the application and the use of the graphical symbol,
and optional product area
3.3
equipment
associated assemblies intended to achieve a defined final objective
3.4
graphical symbol
visually perceptible figure with a particular meaning used to transmit information
independently of language
3.5
graphical symbol element
part of a graphical symbol which is used with a particular meaning in more than one graphical
symbol
NOTE 1 Letters, numerals, punctuation marks and mathematical symbols may be used as graphical symbol
elements (see ISO 31 and IEC 60027).
NOTE 2 A graphical symbol element with a specific meaning may be used to provide a common concept in the
construction of a symbol family.
3.6
graphical symbol for registration
draft symbol original including the basic pattern, title, description and optional notes
3.7
nominal size
50 mm; the lateral dimension of the basic square 2 as shown in the basic pattern
3.8
symbol original
drawing of a graphical symbol, including the corner markings, prepared in accordance with
IEC 80416-1 and, where appropriate, ISO 80416-2, and registered in IEC 60417 or ISO 7000
3.9
title
unique name by which a graphical symbol is identified and spoken of
NOTE The title should be as short as possible; it is only intended to provide a unique name for the graphical
symbol and, where appropriate, another name(s), but not to describe its application.
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4 Creation procedures
A designer considering the creation of a graphical symbol should become familiar with the
context of use of the intended symbol and then follow the following steps:
a) define clearly the purpose and meaning of the graphical symbol – i.e. will it be used to
identify equipment, indicate a functional state, designate a connection, provide information
on packaging, provide instructions on the operation of equipment, or a combination of
these;
b) identify the users of the graphical symbol (see ISO/IEC Guide 74) and any special needs
(see ISO/IEC Guide 71) and legal requirements;
c) ascertain whether an existing graphical symbol will fulfil the specifications and
requirements by checking IEC 60417 and ISO 7000;
d) where it is clear that a suitable graphical symbol does not exist, design a new graphical
symbol in accordance with the provisions of Clause 7 and Clause 8, and, where
appropriate:
1) identify any cultural and ethnic sensibilities and prohibitions that are relevant and take
them into account;
2) consider the effect on legibility of adding a negation cross or diagonal bar and make
any necessary adjustments to the design;
3) take into account the relationship with any other symbols, symbol elements and
symbol families and the related visual concept;
4) ensure that the design does not lend itself to an unintended or ambiguous meaning.
e) undertake an assessment of the legibility, perceptual quality, and comprehensibility of the
newly designed graphical symbol and adjust the design if the results are not satisfactory;
f) create a unique title for the graphical symbol; and
g) create a clear and unambiguous description of the graphical symbol and any operational
requirements (the latter will be included in the description).
Requirements for title, description and notes are given in Annex A.
5 Meaning
5.1 Assignment
The meaning assigned to each registered graphical symbol is the result of associating a title,
a symbol original and a description. The assigned meaning should be unambiguous and clear.
5.2 Orientation of the graphical symbols
Graphical symbols should normally be used in the orientation specified by the symbol
originals. Care should be taken to avoid ambiguity in the case of a graphical symbol where its
meaning depends on the orientation. Such ambiguity could occur, for instance, when
graphical symbols are placed on rotary knobs. Symbol originals should whenever possible be
created so as to preserve their meaning in any orientation as the example a) in Figure 1.
However, when the meaning of a graphical symbol does depend on its orientation, as in the
case of the examples b) in Figure 1, this shall be explicitly stated in the description of the
symbol original.
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80416-1 © IEC:2008 – 9 –
ISO 7000-0414: Cores in moulding position
a) Example of a graphical symbol the meaning of which is independent of its orientation
IEC 60417-5091: IEC 60417-5092:
High-pass filter Low-pass filter
b) Examples of graphical symbols the meaning of which depends upon their orientation
Figure 1 – Graphical symbols in different orientation
NOTE Designation systems for symbol originals in IEC 60417 and ISO 7000 are given in Annex C.
6 Combination of graphical symbols
To represent certain concepts, graphical symbols or graphical symbol elements may be com-
bined to form a new symbol original. The meaning assigned to the new graphical symbol shall
be consistent with the meanings of the individual graphical symbols or graphical symbol
elements. See the example shown in Figure 2.
IEC 60417-5050: Colour television
Figure 2 – Example of combination of graphical symbols
(IEC 60417-5049: “Television” combined with IEC 60417-5048: “Colour” to give
IEC 60417-5050: “Colour television”)
7 Creation principles
7.1 Creation of symbol original
A symbol original shall be created within the basic pattern shown in Figure 3, taking into
account the requirements given in Clause 8. These guidelines and requirements apply equally
to graphical symbols submitted for registration to IEC 60417 and ISO 7000.
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1
2
3
4
nominal size
5
6
7
8
Reference Description
1 Square of 75 mm lateral length, forming the largest horizontal and vertical dimensions of the basic
pattern and divided into a grid of 12,5 mm line spacing.
2 Basic square of 50 mm lateral length. This dimension is equal to the nominal size, 50 mm, of the
symbol original.
3 Basic circle of 56,6 mm diameter, having approximately the same surface area as the basic square 2.
4 Circle of 50 mm diameter, being the inscribed circle of the basic square 2.
5, 6 Two rectangles having the same surface area as the basic square 2, a width of 40 mm and a height
of 62,5 mm. They are mutually perpendicular, each drawn to cross symmetrically opposite sides of
the basic square 2.
7 Basic square 2 of 50 mm rotated by 45°.
8 Octagon formed by lines at 15° to the outer sides of grid 1.
NOTE The basic pattern as templates for drawing software can be downloaded from the IEC web site
(http://sc3c.iec.ch) and the ISO web site (http://www.iso.ch/tc145/sc3).
Figure 3 – Basic pattern
7.2 Design guidelines
The design of a symbol original should be:
a) simple, in order to facilitate perception and reproduction;
b) readily distinguishable from those of other graphical symbols with which it may be used;
c) easily associated with its intended meaning, that is either self-evident or easily learned;
d) such that it can be produced by usual manufacturing and reproduction methods.
NOTE 1 Particular attention should be given to avoiding unnecessary detail and complexity in the creation of the
graphical symbol to prevent poor legibility where the intended size of reproduction of the graphical symbol is small,
for example on a small key cap, or the viewing distance is large.
NOTE 2 In practice, to improve the appearance and perceptibility of a symbol original in use, or to coordinate with
the design of the equipment to which it is to be applied, it may be necessary to modify symbol originals in
accordance with IEC 80416-3 and ISO 80416-4.
7.3 Line width
A symbol original shall be drawn using the basic line width, 2 mm or 4 mm.
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80416-1 © IEC:2008 – 11 –
Reasons for choosing 2 mm include the existence of related graphical symbols which are
already registered or design complexity which makes it impossible to draw the symbol in
4 mm.
Reasons for choosing 4 mm include the existence of related graphical symbols which are
already registered or the avoidance of unnecessary detail and complexity in order to achieve
a simple design for easier recognition.
A combination of both line widths may be us
...
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