ISO/TC 48 - Laboratory equipment

This document sets out requirements for the construction of general laboratory volumetric flasks made of plastic material.

This document specifies general requirements for piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). It is applicable to pipettes, burettes, dilutors, dispensers and manually operated precision laboratory syringes. It furthermore defines terms for the use of piston-operated volumetric apparatus and gives user recommendations. This document does not apply to medical products intended for use on humans, e.g. for medical syringes.

This document specifies the photometric reference measurement procedure for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). The procedure is applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus with a maximum nominal volume of 5 000 µl and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery (Ex).

This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for dilutors with a sample uptake capacity (In) from 5 μl to 1 ml and a diluent capacity (Ex) from 50 μl to 100 ml. They are designed to deliver the sample and diluent together in measured proportion and measured volume.

This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for air-displacement (type A) and positive displacement (type D) single-channel and multi-channel pipettes, complete with their selected tip(s) and any other essential, consumable parts, designed to deliver the selected volume (Ex).

This document specifies a gravimetric reference measurement procedure for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus (POVA). The procedure is applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery (Ex) or contained (In).

This document specifies alternative measurement procedures for the determination of volume of piston-operated volumetric apparatus. The procedures are applicable to complete systems comprising the basic apparatus and all parts selected for use with the apparatus, disposable or reusable, involved in the measurement by delivery process (Ex). Methods described in this document are suitable for various maximum nominal volumes of piston-operated volumetric apparatus. It is the responsibility of the user to select the appropriate method.

This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for burettes. This document is applicable to burettes with nominal volumes up to 100 ml, designed to deliver their specified volume (Ex).

This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for manually operated precision laboratory syringes made of glass or glass and metal designed to deliver their selected volume (Ex). Manually operated precision laboratory syringes are instruments used for delivering liquids and gases. The barrel is typically made of glass and the plunger and the needle are typically made of metal.

This document specifies — metrological requirements, — maximum permissible errors, — requirements for marking and — information to be provided for users, for dispensers. It is applicable to dispensers with nominal volumes from 1 μl up to 200 ml, designed to deliver their volume (Ex).

This document specifies requirements for the seamless integration with other microfluidic components and systems to facilitate the process of designing new microfluidic devices (e.g. microfluidic chips, sensors, actuators, connectors). This document is applicable to devices in the field of “microfluidics” needing microfluidic interconnections.

This document provides methods for the testing, calibration and use of volumetric instruments made from glass and plastic in order to obtain the best accuracy in use. NOTE Testing is the process by which the conformity of the individual volumetric instrument with the appropriate standard is determined, resulting in the determination of its error of measurement at one or more points. This document is applicable to volumetric instruments with nominal capacities in the range of 100 µl to 10 000 ml. These include single-volume pipettes (see ISO 648), graduated pipettes (see ISO 835), burettes (see ISO 385), volumetric flasks (see ISO 1042 and ISO 5215), and graduated measuring cylinders (see ISO 4788 and ISO 6706). The methods are not intended for testing of volumetric instruments with capacities below 100 µl such as micro-glassware. This document does not deal specifically with pycnometers as specified in ISO 3507. However, the procedures specified for the determination of volume of glassware can, for the most part, also be followed for the determination of a pycnometer volume. For some types of pycnometers, special handling can be necessary.

This document specifies requirements for borosilicate 3,3 glass tubing according to ISO 3585 for laboratory apparatus in an outer diameter range from 4 mm to 300 mm. This document defines dimensions, material, denomination, designation, requirements and inspection methods.

ISO 16496:2016 recommends dimensions and specifies requirements and test methods for laboratory glassware manufactured from borosilicate glass 3.3 and provided with a vacuum jacket for thermal insulation. It covers Dewar vessels, vacuum-jacketed reaction vessels and vacuum-jacketed columns intended for laboratory use and laboratory related applications. Typical dimensions are given in Tables 1 to 5. ISO 16496:2016 does not apply to large scale production equipment and equipment operated with pressures of more than 0,1 bar above atmospheric pressure.

ISO 4796-1:2016 specifies a series of screw-neck bottles suitable for the storage of fluid liquid and solid chemicals and reagents in general laboratory use. These bottles with nominal volumes ranging from 25 ml to 20 000 ml are also suitable for the preparation and storage of microbiological growth media.

ISO 4797:2015 specifies requirements for an internationally acceptable series of boiling flasks with conical ground joints for general laboratory purposes.

ISO 3819:2015 specifies requirements for an internationally acceptable series of glass beakers for laboratory use.

ISO 384:2015 sets out principles for the design of volumetric instruments manufactured from glass or from plastics in order to facilitate the most reliable and convenient use to the intended degree of accuracy.

ISO 6556:2012 specifies requirements to filter flasks with conical or cylindrical shape for general laboratory purposes.

ISO 13130:2011 specifies requirements and tests for desiccators and vacuum desiccators intended for general laboratory purposes such as drying of substances or material.

ISO 13079:2011 specifies requirements for single-use and re-usable glass and plastics tubes for measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by the Westergren method, and for a support to hold tubes during the performance of the test. These so-called "Westergren tubes" are also sometimes designated as "Westergren pipettes". A procedure for measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate by the Westergren method is given in an informative annex. ISO 13079:2011 does not apply to single-use containers for human venous blood specimen collection and their accessories for which other standards apply. It also does not apply for devices where the Westergren method has been used as basis to develop other, similar methods or equipment for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate determination.

ISO 13132:2011 specifies requirements and tests for glass Petri dishes intended for general laboratory purposes and microbiological work.

ISO 24998:2008 specifies requirements and test methods for plain, single-use Petri dishes for microbiological use. ISO 24998:2008 does not apply to products of similar design which may be used for cell or tissue culture purposes. Neither does it apply to dishes supplied ready loaded with microbiological media.

ISO 648:2008 specifies metrological and constructional requirements for volumetric pipettes with one mark (total delivery) and for volumetric pipettes with two marks, both of which are adequate for general laboratory purposes. The details specified are in conformity with the principles of design and construction of volumetric glassware given in ISO 384.

ISO 835:2007 specifies metrological and constructional requirements for graduated pipettes, adequate for general laboratory purposes.

ISO 24450:2005 specifies requirements and dimensions for an internationally acceptable series of conical flasks and of flat-bottom and round-bottom flasks with wide neck for general laboratory purpose. The flasks are provided for direct use in laboratory, fitting together with other equipment for general laboratory purposes, and for further work up to other products. For narrow-necked boiling flasks, ISO 1773 applies. For boiling flasks with conical ground joints, see ISO 4797.

ISO 4788:2005 specifies dimensions, material and constructional and metrological requirements of graduated measuring cylinders of tall form (Type 1a and Type 1b) and of squat form (Type 2). All types are suitable for general laboratory use. The specifications in ISO 4788:2005 are in conformity with the principles of design and construction of volumetric glassware given in ISO 384.

This International Standard provides metrological and construction requirements for an internationally acceptable series of burettes, suitable for general laboratory purposes. The details specified are in accordance with the principles of design and construction of volumetric glassware given in ISO 384. For piston burettes, see ISO 8655-3.

ISO/TR 16153:2004 gives the detailed evaluation of uncertainty for volume measurements according to the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurements (GUM). ISO 8655-7 covers non-gravimetric methods of volume measurement. Annex A of ISO 8655-7 presents the details of a method that employs removable cells (vials) in a UV/VIS photometer. Annex B of ISO 8655-7 presents the details of a method that employs a flow cell fixed in place in a UV/VIS photometer. ISO/TR 16153:2004 covers the uncertainty of measurement of both methods.

ISO 4142:2002 specifies a range of test tubes, suitable for general laboratory use, fabricated from borosilicate, neutral or soda/lime glass, which are designated Type I, Type II and Type III respectively.

This Technical Report gives the detailed evaluation of uncertainty for volume measurements according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) [1]. It uses the gravimetric method specified in ISO 8655-6 [2] as the reference method for calibrating piston-operated volumetric apparatus. It has been arranged in paragraphs to facilitate direct access to different aspects of this kind of evaluation as follows: _ modelling the measurement by describing the physical equations necessary to calculate the volume using the gravimetric method of measurement; _ determination of the standard uncertainty of measurement associated with the volume V20 by describing the calculation procedure according to the GUM; _ determination of the sensitivity coefficients with an example of the calculation of all sensitivity coefficients by using complete equations, approximations of equations and by giving numerical values for standard conditions; _ determination of the standard uncertainty associated with the volume delivered by a piston-operated volumetric apparatus giving the combination of the standard uncertainty associated with the volume V20 measured using the gravimetric measuring system and the experimental standard deviation associated with the volume delivered by the apparatus; _ determination of the standard uncertainties of measurement with a brief insight into the calculation of uncertainties of measuring devices according to GUM; _ determination of the expanded uncertainty of measurement associated with volume V20; _ example of the determination of the uncertainty for volume measurements.

This part of ISO 4796 specifies a series of bottles with a conical, wide or narrow neck with or without ground joints, suitable for the storage of liquid and solid chemicals and reagents in general laboratory use.

This part of ISO 4796 specifies a series of aspirator bottles with a screw neck or with a conical neck suitable for the delivery of liquid chemicals and reagents in general laboratory use.

This International Standard specifies requirements for a series of pyknometers for general laboratory use for the determination of the densities of liquids. Specialized pyknometers for use with particular products, or otherwise not in common use, are excluded. Sufficient details to define such pyknometers should be included in International Standards which specify or describe their use. A device suitable for adjustment of the liquid level in the neck of the Reischauer pyknometer is shown in annex A.

This International Standard specifies details of an internationally acceptable series of glass separating funnels and dropping funnels suitable for general use in laboratories.

Specifies requirements and dimensions for glass filter funnels suitable for general laboratory purposes, fitting together with other general-use glassware such as boiling flasks and volumetric flasks.

Specifies the physical and chemical characteristics and the marking of thermometric glass and the test methods to be used for the selection of glass for the manufacture of liquid-in-glass thermometers. Does not apply to the glass in parts of the thermometer other than the bulb, e.g. the stem.

The principle of the method specified is complexing of the aluminium in the extract solution to be analyzed with chromazurol S, measuring the optical density of the resulting solution by means of a molecular absorption spectrometer at 545 nm using 10 mm optical cells. Measures the concentration of aluminium, expressed as its oxide Al2O3. Applies to the analysis of extract solutions obtained from any kind of glass or glassware including laboratory and pharmaceutical ware, food and drink packaging ware, tableware and kitchenware.

The principle of the method specified is spraying the extract solution into the flame of the burner of an emission or absorption spectrometer, if necessary with the addition of a spectrochemical buffer solution, or into the flame of a filter flame spectrometer without this addition. For FES and FAAS, the lines at 589,0 nm and 766,5 nm, respectively, are used and compared with the measurements of reference solutions, for a flame filter spectrometer, the specific filters are used. Measures the concentrations of sodium and potassium, expressed as their oxides Na2O and K2O. Applies to the analysis of extract solutions obtained from any kind of glass or glassware.

The principle of the method specified is conditioning the extract solution to be analyzed, developing the blue silicomolybdate complex using ammonium molybdate and a reducing solution, measuring the optical density of the resulting colour complex by means of a molecular absorption spectrometer at 800 nm using 10 mm optical cells. Measures the concentrations of silicon, expressed as its oxide SiO2. Applies to the analysis of extract solutions obtained from any kind of glass or glassware including laboratory and pharmaceutical ware, food and drink packaging ware, tableware and kitchenware.

The principle of the method specified is complexing of the boron in the extract solution to be analyzed with azomethine H, measurement of the optical density of the resulting colour complex by means of a molecular absorption spectrometer at 415 nm using 20 mm optical cells. Measures the concentration of boron, expressed as its oxide B2O3. Applies to the analysis of extract solutions obtained from any kind of glass or glassware including laboratory and pharmaceutical ware made, e.g., from borosilicate glass, neutral glass, tableware and kitchenware.