ISO 7404-1:1994
(Main)Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite — Part 1: Vocabulary
Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite — Part 1: Vocabulary
Cancels and replaces the first edition (1984). Defines terms that are used in connection both with maceral and microlithotype analyses carried out in white light and with the determination of the reflectance of vitrinite. Applies to the terms used in examination of bituminous coal and anthracite only. Not concerned with the analysis of brown coal, sub-bituminous coal or lignite.
Méthodes d'analyse pétrographique des charbons bitumineux et de l'anthracite — Partie 1: Vocabulaire
Metode petrografskih analiz bituminoznega premoga in antracita - 1. del: Slovar
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7404-1
Second edition
1994-10-01
Methods for the petrographic analysis of
bituminous coal and anthracite -
Part 1:
Vocabulary
Methodes d ’analyse petrographique des charbons bitumineux et de
I ’an thracite -
Partie 1: Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 7404-1 :1994(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 7404=1:1994(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(1 EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 7404-1 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
which has been technically revised.
(1 SO 7404-1: 1984),
ISO 7404 consists of the fall owing Parts, u nder the general tit Ie Methods
an thracite
for the pe trographic analysis of bituminous coal and
- Part 1: Vocabulary
- Part 2: Method of preparing coal samples
- Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition
- Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and
minerite composition
- Part 5: Method of determining microscopically the reflectance of
vitrinite
Annex A of this part of ISO 7404 is for information only.
0 ISO 1994
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
0 ISO
ISO 7404=1:1994(E)
Introduction
Petrographic analyses have been recognized internationally as important
in the context of the genesis, vertical and lateral Variation, continuity,
metamorphism and usage of coal. The International Committee for Coal
and Organic Petrology (ICCP) has made recommendations concerning no-
menclature and analytical methods and has published an extensive hand-
book describing in detail the characteristics of a wide range of coals. The
text of this part of ISO 7404 agrees substantially with the text of the
handbook and incorporates many useful comments made by members of
the ICCP and by member bodies of ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
Petrographic analyses of a Single coal provide information about the rank,
the maceral and microlithotype compositions and the distribution of min-
erals in the coal. The reflectance of vitrinite is a useful measure of coal
rank and the distribution of the reflectance of vitrinite in a coal blend, to-
gether with a maceral group analysis, tan provide information about some
important Chemical and technological properties of the blend.
ISO 7404 is concerned with the methods of petrographic analysis cur-
rently employed in characterizing bituminous coal and anthracite in the
context of their technological use. lt establishes a System for petrographic
analysis and comprises five Parts, as follows:
Part 1: Vocabulary.
Part 2: Method of preparing coal samples.
Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition.
Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and
minerite composition.
Part 5: Method of determining microscopically the reflectance of
vitrinite.
For information on the nomenclature and analysis of brown coals and
. lignites, reference should be made to the International Handbook of Coal
Petrograph$ll published by the ICCP.
The complexity of coals mined throughout the world, coupled with the
many applications of coal petrology in all branches of coal utilization,
makes the compilation of a fully comprehensive glossary of terms a very
difficult task.
This difficulty is compounded because some of the terms requiring defi-
nition have different meanings in different national nomenclatures. As a
consequence, several general terms, such as bituminous coal, anthracite,
brown coal and Iignite, and sub-bituminous coal have had to be defined
very loosely in this part of ISO 7404 pending international agreement on
a new rationalized System of coal nomenclature. The definitions given are
intended for esse solely in connection with the generally accepted inter-
. . .
Ill
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
0 ISO
ISO 7404=1:1994(E)
national methods of petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and
anthracite described in the other Parts of ISO 7404.
The petrographic terms Iisted are those most widely used internationally.
They do not include terms such as pseudovitrinite, semi-vitrinite and
semi-inertinite which refer to types of maceral with particular properties
but which are difficult to define. Such terms may be considered important
for specific applications in certain countries but their wider use is not rec-
ommended.
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 7404=1:1994(E)
Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous
coal and anthracite -
Part 1:
Vocabulary
2.1.2 coalification: Process by which sedimented
1 Scope
compacted plant remains are transformed into coal.
This part of ISO 7404 defines terms that are used in
NOTE 2 This process is characterized by an increase in
connection both with maceral and microlithotype an-
the carbon content in the plant remains and a decrease in
alyses carried out in white light and with the deter-
the yield of volatile matter from the plant remains. As
mination of the reflectance of vitrinite. lt applies to the
coalification proceeds, the reflectances of the macerals in-
terms used in the examination of bituminous coal and
crease. Vitrinite is used as a reference material for the de-
anthracite only and is not concerned with the analysis
termination of the rank of coal because its reflectance
of brown coal, sub-bituminous coal or lignite.
increases uniformly with the extent of coalification.
This part of ISO 7404 is not intended to be a com-
2.1.3 rank: Position of a coal in the coalification se-
prehensive glossary of coal petrographic terminology,
ries from brown coal (low rank) to anthracite (high
nor does it attempt to provide sufficient information
rank), indicating maturity in terms of Chemical and
to allow recognition of all the coal components de-
physical properties.
scribed. Further information may be obtained from the
International Handbook of Coal Petrography (see the
fourth Paragraph of the introduction).
2.1.4 brown coal and lignite: Coals of low rank
which, in their natura1 state, are characterized by high
inherent moisture content, high volatile matter con-
tent and low calorific value, and are non-
2 Definitions
agglommerating.
For the purposes of this part of ISO 7404, the follow-
NOTE 3 In some countries, the terms are used to de-
ing definitions apply.
scribe all low rank coals up to bituminous coals. In other
countries, the coals at the higher end of this range are re-
ferred to as sub-bituminous coals.
2.1 General terms
2.1.1 coal: Combustible sedimentary rock formed
2.1.5 sub-bituminous coal: Coal of rank immedi-
from altered plant remains consolidated under super-
ately below that of bituminous coal.
imposed strata.
2.1.6 bituminous coal: A general descriptive term
The characteristics of different coals are due to
NOTE 1
differentes in Source plant material, in the conditi
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 7404-1:1998
01-februar-1998
Metode petrografskih analiz bituminoznega premoga in antracita - 1. del: Slovar
Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite -- Part 1:
Vocabulary
Méthodes d'analyse pétrographique des charbons bitumineux et de l'anthracite -- Partie
1: Vocabulaire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 7404-1:1994
ICS:
01.040.73 Rudarstvo in rudnine Mining and minerals
(Slovarji) (Vocabularies)
73.040 Premogi Coals
SIST ISO 7404-1:1998 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-1:1998
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-1:1998
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7404-1
Second edition
1994-10-01
Methods for the petrographic analysis of
bituminous coal and anthracite -
Part 1:
Vocabulary
Methodes d ’analyse petrographique des charbons bitumineux et de
I ’an thracite -
Partie 1: Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 7404-1 :1994(E)
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-1:1998
ISO 7404=1:1994(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(1 EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 7404-1 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
which has been technically revised.
(1 SO 7404-1: 1984),
ISO 7404 consists of the fall owing Parts, u nder the general tit Ie Methods
an thracite
for the pe trographic analysis of bituminous coal and
- Part 1: Vocabulary
- Part 2: Method of preparing coal samples
- Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition
- Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and
minerite composition
- Part 5: Method of determining microscopically the reflectance of
vitrinite
Annex A of this part of ISO 7404 is for information only.
0 ISO 1994
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-1:1998
0 ISO
ISO 7404=1:1994(E)
Introduction
Petrographic analyses have been recognized internationally as important
in the context of the genesis, vertical and lateral Variation, continuity,
metamorphism and usage of coal. The International Committee for Coal
and Organic Petrology (ICCP) has made recommendations concerning no-
menclature and analytical methods and has published an extensive hand-
book describing in detail the characteristics of a wide range of coals. The
text of this part of ISO 7404 agrees substantially with the text of the
handbook and incorporates many useful comments made by members of
the ICCP and by member bodies of ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
Petrographic analyses of a Single coal provide information about the rank,
the maceral and microlithotype compositions and the distribution of min-
erals in the coal. The reflectance of vitrinite is a useful measure of coal
rank and the distribution of the reflectance of vitrinite in a coal blend, to-
gether with a maceral group analysis, tan provide information about some
important Chemical and technological properties of the blend.
ISO 7404 is concerned with the methods of petrographic analysis cur-
rently employed in characterizing bituminous coal and anthracite in the
context of their technological use. lt establishes a System for petrographic
analysis and comprises five Parts, as follows:
Part 1: Vocabulary.
Part 2: Method of preparing coal samples.
Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition.
Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and
minerite composition.
Part 5: Method of determining microscopically the reflectance of
vitrinite.
For information on the nomenclature and analysis of brown coals and
. lignites, reference should be made to the International Handbook of Coal
Petrograph$ll published by the ICCP.
The complexity of coals mined throughout the world, coupled with the
many applications of coal petrology in all branches of coal utilization,
makes the compilation of a fully comprehensive glossary of terms a very
difficult task.
This difficulty is compounded because some of the terms requiring defi-
nition have different meanings in different national nomenclatures. As a
consequence, several general terms, such as bituminous coal, anthracite,
brown coal and Iignite, and sub-bituminous coal have had to be defined
very loosely in this part of ISO 7404 pending international agreement on
a new rationalized System of coal nomenclature. The definitions given are
intended for esse solely in connection with the generally accepted inter-
. . .
Ill
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-1:1998
0 ISO
ISO 7404=1:1994(E)
national methods of petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and
anthracite described in the other Parts of ISO 7404.
The petrographic terms Iisted are those most widely used internationally.
They do not include terms such as pseudovitrinite, semi-vitrinite and
semi-inertinite which refer to types of maceral with particular properties
but which are difficult to define. Such terms may be considered important
for specific applications in certain countries but their wider use is not rec-
ommended.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-1:1998
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 7404=1:1994(E)
Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous
coal and anthracite -
Part 1:
Vocabulary
2.1.2 coalification: Process by which sedimented
1 Scope
compacted plant remains are transformed into coal.
This part of ISO 7404 defines terms that are used in
NOTE 2 This process is characterized by an increase in
connection both with maceral and microlithotype an-
the carbon content in the plant remains and a decrease in
alyses carried out in white light and with the deter-
the yield of volatile matter from the plant remains. As
mination of the reflectance of vitrinite. lt applies to the
coalification proceeds, the reflectances of the macerals in-
terms used in the examination of bituminous coal and
crease. Vitrinite is used as a reference material for the de-
anthracite only and is not concerned with the analysis
termination of the rank of coal because its reflectance
of brown coal, sub-bituminous coal or lignite.
increases uniformly with the extent of coalification.
This part of ISO 7404 is not intended to be a com-
2.1.3 rank: Position of a coal in the coalification se-
prehensive glossary of coal petrographic terminology,
ries from brown coal (low rank) to anthracite (high
nor does it attempt to provide sufficient information
rank), indicating maturity in terms of Chemical and
to allow recognition of all the coal components de-
physical properties.
scribed. Further information may be obtained from the
International Handbook of Coal Petrography (see the
fourth Paragraph of the introduction).
2.1.4 brown coal and lignite: Coals of low rank
which, in their natura1 state, are characterized by high
inherent moisture content, high volatile matter con-
tent and low calorific value, and are non-
2 Definitions
agglommerating.
For the p
...
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