ISO 175:1981
(Main)Plastics — Determination of the effects of liquid chemicals, including water
Plastics — Determination of the effects of liquid chemicals, including water
Plastiques — Détermination de l'action des agents chimiques liquides, y compris l'eau
Polimerni materiali - Ugotavljanje učinkov tekočih kemikalij, vključno z vodo
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175
International Standard
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATIONWulE~YHAPO~HAR OPrAHM3AUMR I-IO CTAH&APTM3A~Wl~RGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Plastics - Determination of the effects of liquid
chemicals, including water
P/as tiques - D&termination de /‘action des agents chimiques liquides, y compris l’eau
First edition - 1981-07-01
UDC 678.5/.8 : 678.019.32/.34
Ref. No. IS0 175-1981 (E)
Descriptors : plastics, chemical resistance, liquids, water, chemical products, absorption, tests, submerging tests, measurement, calculus of
variations, test specimens.
Price based oc 12 pages
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards institutes (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing Inter-
national Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the
right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council.
International Standard IS0 175 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61,
Plastics, and was circulated to the member bodies in March 1979.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Belgium Hungary Romania
Brazil India
South Africa, Rep. of
Bulgaria
Israel Spain
Canada Italy Sweden
China Korea, Rep. of Switzerland
Czechoslovakia Japan Turkey
Egypt, Arab Rep. of Libyan Arab Jamahiriya United Kingdom
Finland Netherlands USA
France New Zealand USSR
Germany, F. R. Poland
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
This International Standard cancels and replaces IS0 Recom mendations R 175-1961
and R 4624965, of which it constitutes a technical revision.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1981
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 1754981 (E)
- Determination of the effects of liquid
Plastics
chemicals, including water
0 Introduction 1.3 It is applicable to all solid plastics that are available in the
form of moulding or extrusion materials, plates, tubes, rods or
Because of their varied applications, plastics are frequently sheets, having a thickness greater than 0,l mm. It is not
applicable to cellular materials.
brought into contact with liquids such as chemical products,
motor fuels, lubricants, etc., and, possibly, with their vapours.
1.4 Methods for determination of changes in properties are
Under the action of a liquid, a plastic material may be subjected
specified as follows :
to several phenomena which may occur simultaneously. On the
one hand absorption of liquid and extraction of constituents
a) changes in mass, dimensions and appearance
soluble in the liquid may occur. On the other hand, a chemical
immediately after immersion or after immersion and
reaction, most often resulting in a significant change in the pro-
drying;
perties of the plastic, may occur.
b) changes in physical properties (mechanical, thermal,
The behaviour of plastics in the presence of chemicals can be
optical, etc.) immediately after immersion or after immer-
determined only under arbitrarily fixed conditions aimed at
sion and drying.
making comparisons between different materials. The choice of
test conditions (nature of the liquids, temperatures and dura-
1.4.1 The test immediately after immersion is used when it is
tions), as well as of the properties in which changes are to be
required to ascertain the state of the material while still acted
measured, depends on the eventual application of the plastic
upon by the liquid.
under test.
However, it is not possible to establish any direct correlation
1.4.2 The test after immersion and drying is used when it is
between the experimental results and the behaviour of the
required to ascertain the state of the material after the liquid, if
plastic in service. These tests do, nevertheless, permit a com-
it is volatile, has been eliminated. It can allow determination of
parison to be made of the behaviour of different plastic
the influence of a soluble constituent.
materials under specified conditions, thus allowing an initial
evaluation of their behaviour in relation to certain groups of
substances.
2 References
NOTE - In view of its special importance, the particular case of the
IS0 62, Plastics - Determination of water absorption.
determination of the quantity of water absorbed is dealt with in IS0 62.
The effects of water described in this International Standard are con-
IS0 291, Plastics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning
cerned only with changes in dimensions and in physical properties as a
and testing.
result of the action of the water.
IS0 293, Plastics - Compression moulding test specimens of
thermopfas tic materials.
1 Scope and field of application
IS0 294, Plastics - Injection moufding test specimens of ther-
1.1 This International Standard specifies a method of expos-
moplas tic ma teriak.
ing test specimens of plastic materials, free from all external
restraint, to liquid chemicals, and methods for determining the
IS0 295, Plastics - Compression moufding test specimens of
changes in properties resulting from such exposure.
thermosetting materials.
IS0 412, Gum spirit of turpentine and wood turpentines for
1.2 It only considers, therefore, testing by immersion of the
entire surface of the test specimen3 paints and varnishes.
1) Although it is not within the scope of this International Standard, it may also be of interest, when dealing with volatile liquids or those which give
off vapours, to submit the specimen to the effect of only the gaseous phase above the liquid. In this event, it is advisable to proceed exactly as
indicated, but to suspend the test specimen above the liquid, seal the container and maintain it at the test temperature throughout.
1
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IS0 175-1981 (E)
IS0 1817, Vulcanized rubbers - Resistance to liquids - 4.2 Test temperatures
Methods of test.
4.2.1 Immersion temperatures
- Preparation of test specimens by
IS0 2818, Plastics
machining.
The preferred test temperatures are :
IS0 3126, Plastics pipes - Measurement of dimensions.
a) 23 + 2 OC;
I SO 3205, Preferred test temperatures.
b) 70 * 2 OC.
IEC Publication 296, Specification for new insulating oils for
If a different temperature has to be used in order to correspond
transformers and switchgear.
to the temperature at which the plastic is used, it shall be
selected from the preferred temperatures given in IS0 3205.1)
3 Principle
NOTE - In the event that the test is to be carried out at a temperature
above normal ambient conditions, it may be desirable to condition
Complete immersion of test specimens in a test liquid for a
another series of specimens at this temperature for a period equal to
a specified temperature.
specified time and at that of the test, and to measure their properties after this conditioning
in order to be able to distinguish the effect of temperature from that of
the liquid.
Determination of their properties before and after immersion
and, if applicable, after drying; in the latter case, the determina-
In the case of long duration tests, specimens stored in air at
tions are made, if possible, one after the other on the same
23 OC may undergo a change in properties. Preparation of an
specimens.
additional series of test specimens is recommended for com-
parison purposes.
NOTE - It is emphasized that the comparison of different plastics by
means of this test is valid only if the specimens used are of the same
shape, the same dimensions (in particular the same thickness) and in as
4.2.2 Measurement temperature
nearly as possible the same state (of internal stresses, surface, etc.).
The temperature for the determination of changes in mass,
dimensions or physical properties is 23 + 2 OC. If the immer-
4 General requirements and procedure
sion temperature is different, bring the specimen to 23 OC by
the procedure described in 4.6.3.
4.1 Test liquids
4.3 Test durations
4.1.1 Choice of test liquid
The preferred test durations are :
If information is required about the behaviour of a plastic in
contact with a specific liquid, that liquid shall, as a rule, be
a) 24 h for a short duration test;
used.
b) 1 week for a standard test (particularly at 23 OC);
Industrial liquids are not generally of absolutely constant com-
position. Whenever possible, the test shall be carried out in
c) 16 weeks for a long duration test.
defined chemical products used on their own or as a mixture,
and which are as representative as possible of the effect of the
If it is essential to adopt other test durations, for example if it is
products under consideration on the plastic material concerned.
desired to perform tests as a function of time or to plot the
curve until equilibrium is reached, it is recommended that the
NOTE - If making a series of tests in a liquid of doubtful composition,
durations be chosen from the following standard scale :
it is important to take all the samples of the liquid from the same con-
tainer.
-224-8-16-24-48-$1696168h;
a) 1
b) 2 - 4 - 8 - 16 - 26 - 52 - 78 weeks;
4.1.2 Test liquids
Types of test liquids are given in annex A. c) 1,5-2-3-4-5years.
In particular, the following temperatures should be used :
1)
O- 20 - 27 - 40 - 55 - 85 - 100 - 125 - 150 OC,
with a tolerance of k 2 OC on temperatures up to and including 105 OC, and + 3 OC on temperatures greater than 105 OC and up to and
including 200 OC.
In the special case of testing plastic pipes, the temperature of 60 OC given in the annex to IS0 3205 may be used.
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
IS0 175-1981 (E)
4.4 Test specimens If light is likely to have an influence on the action of the test
liquid, it is recommended to operate either in darkness or in
Depending upon the proposed test after exposure (mass,
defined illumination conditions.
dimensions, physical properties) and the nature and form
(sheet, film, rod, etc.) of the plastic material, the specimens will It may be necessary in certain cases (for example if there is a
be of very diverse shapes and dimensions. risk of oxidation) to specify the height of the liquid level above
the specimens.
They may be obtained directly by moulding, or by machining.
In the latter case, cut surfaces shall be machined to a fine finish
4.6.3 Rinsing and wiping
and shall show no trace of carbonization that could be
attributed to the method of preparation.
At the end of the period of immersion, bring the temperature of
The number of specimens to be used will be specified in the the specimens back to ambient temperature if necessary, by
transferring them quickly into a fresh quantity of test liquid at
International Standards relevant to the tests to be carried out
room temperature, for a period of 15 to 30 min.
after treatment. In the absence of specific International Stan-
dards, at least three specimens shall be tested.
Remove the specimens from the test liquid and rinse them with
a product which has no effect on the material under test and
4.5 Conditioning
which is chosen to suit the nature of the test liquid.
Condition the specimens in accordance with IS0 291.
Wipe the specimens dry with filter paper or a lint-free cloth.
NOTE - For certain plastics which are known to approach rapidly, or,
NOTES
on the contrary, very slowly, equilibrium of temperature and especially
of humidity, shorter or longer conditioning periods may be specified in
1 If requested, it may be necessary to examine the test liquid at the
the appropriate product specifications (see annex B).
end of the test. This examination may be a simple visual examination or
a more rigorous examination, including, for example, a titration.
4.6 Procedure
This examination may not be practicable if the liquid has been replaced
during the test.
4.6.1 Quantity of test liquid
2 In the case of specimens tested in solvents such as acetone or
alcohol at ambient temperature, rinsing and wiping may not be
The quantity of test liquid used shall be at least 8 ml per square
necessary.
centimetre of the total surface area of the specimen in order to
avoid a concentration of extracted product in the liquid during
the course of the test. The test liquid shall cover the specimen 4.7 Expression of results
completely.
4.7.1 Numerical expression
NOTE - A different quantity of liquid may, however, be specified in
particular International Standards; for example, for rigid PVC and
polyolefin pipes, where the amount of extractable substances is known
In addition to the results of measurements before and after
to be very small, a smaller quantity of liquid is specified in the relevant
immersion, the results may be expressed (except in special
International Standards.
cases of changes in mass) as a percentage of the value of the
property after immersion (c/2) with respect to the value before
immersion (VI), i.e. as
4.6.2 Positioning of specimens
As a rule, place each set of test specimens in a given container wyv,, x loo
and completely immerse them in the test liquid (using a weight
if necessary).
4.7.2 Graphical expression
However, when several materials of the same composition are
In every case where measurements are made as a function of
to be tested, it is permissible to put several sets of specimens
time, it is recommended that corresponding graphs be plotted.
into the same container.
The values obtained (including the original value), or the dif-
ferences in value, shall be plotted as the ordinates, and the
In every case, no significant proportion of the surfaces of the
durations 0) as the abscissae. If it is necessary to shorten the
specimens shall make contact with the surface of other
specimens, with the walls of the container, or with any weight duration scale, either a Jscale or a log t scale may be used.
that is used.
stir the liquids, for rotati ng the con-
During the test, example
bY
5 Determination of changes in mass and (or)
tainers, at least once per day.
dimensions and (or) appearance
If the test lasts longer than seven days, replace the liquid with
These determinations may, if necessary, be carried
out on the
an equal amount of the original liquid every seventh day.
same specimens.
If the liquid is u nstable (for example sodium hypochlorite),
more frequently. At least three specimens shall be used.
re place the liquid
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
IS0 1754981 (E)
thickness, prepared under the conditions prescribed in the
5.1 Apparatus
appropriate product specification (or under the conditions
prescribed by the supplier of the material).
5.1.1 Beakers, of suitable dimensions and fitted with lids
(airtight, if necessary, and fitted with condensers in the case of
In certain special cases, a square specimen,
NOTE -
volatile liquids or those which give off vapours).
50 mm x 50 mm x 4 mm, may be used by agreement between
the interested parties.
5.1.2 Enclosure, thermostatically controlled at the test
temperature.
5.2.3 Sheets and plates
.
Specimens shall be 50 & 1 mm square and shall be machined
5.1.3 Thermometer, of suitable range and accuracy.
from the sheet or plate submitted for test.‘)
5.1.4 For determination of changes in mass :
The thickness of the specimens shall be the same as that of the
sheet or plate submitted for test, if its nominal thickness is less
5.1.4.1 Weighing bottle.
than or equal to 25 mm.
If the nominal thickness is greater than 25 mm, and in the
5.1.4.2 Balance, accurate to within 0,001 g in the case of
absence of special provisions in the relevant specification,
specimens of mass equal to or greater than 1 g, or to within
reduce the thickness of the specimen to 25 mm by machining
0,000 1 g in the case of specimens of mass less than 1 g.
one face only.
5.1.5 For determination of dimensional changes :
5.2.4 Tubes and rods
5.1.5.1 Dial micrometer, with flat anvils, accurate
5.2.4.1 Tubes
to 0,Ol mm.
If possible, reference shall be made to the relevant International
5.1.5.2 Caliper gauge, capable of measuring to an
Standards for the material under test.2) In the absence of
accuracy of 0,l mm.
specific International Standards, the specimen shall be a piece
of tube, of length 50 + 1 mm, obtained by cutting it at right
angles to its longitudinal axis.
5.1.6 Ventilated oven, if required, capable of being con-
trolled at the chosen drying temperature.
For tubes of outside diameter greater than 50 mm, a length of
50 * 1 mm shall be cut and the test specimen prepared from
NOTE - In the absence of any special instructions, use an oven con-
trolled at 50 + 2 OC. this length by making a cut along each of two planes containing
the longitudinal axis of the tube, so as to give a developed
width of 50 + 1 mm when measured on the outer surface.
5.2 Test specimens (see also 4.4)
5.2.4.2 Rods
5.2.1 Moulding materials
For rods of diameter less than or equal to 50 mm, the test
Specimens shall have a diameter of 50 + 1 mm and a thickness
specimen shall be a piece of the rod of length 50 * 1 mm,
of 3 + 02 mm. They shall be moulded to shape under the con-
obtained by cutting it at right angles to its longitudinal axis.
ditions specified in the appropriate product specification (or
under the conditions prescribed by the supplier).
For rods of diameter greater than 50 mm, in the absence of any
specification agreed between the interested parties, the test
NOTES
specimen shall be a 50 + 1 mm length of the rod with its
1 The general principles for the preparation of moulded specimens
diameter reduced to 50 + 1 mm by machining concentrically.
are the subjects of IS0 293, IS0 294 and IS0 295.
2 In certain specialcases,a squarespecimen5Omm x 50mm x 4mm,
5.2.5 Profile sections
may be used by agreement between the interested parties.
In the absence of specific International Standards, cut a
5.2.2 Extrusion compounds 50 + 1 mm long piece of the profile section and use as the test
specimen either :
Specimens shall have a diameter of 50 + 1 mm and a
a) this piece of the profile section;
thickness of 3 * 02 mm. They shall be cut from a sheet of this
1) For example, in accordance with IS0 2818.
2) The preparation of methods of test for plastics pipes is the responsibility of ISO/TC 138, Plastics &es, fittlirgs and valves for the transport of
fluids. The general procedures described in this International Standard have been used as a basis for the appropriate methods of evaluating the effects
of chemical products on plastics pipes. IS0 4433 will specify the method of test for polyolefin pipes; methods of test for PVC and ABS pipes will form
the subjects of future International Standards.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
IS0 175-1981 (E)
b) this piece after machining in such a manner as to 5.3.2 Calculation and expression of results
reduc
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 175:1996
01-junij-1996
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL8JRWDYOMDQMHXþLQNRYWHNRþLKNHPLNDOLMYNOMXþQR]YRGR
Plastics -- Determination of the effects of liquid chemicals, including water
Plastiques -- Détermination de l'action des agents chimiques liquides, y compris l'eau
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 175:1981
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
SIST ISO 175:1996 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 175:1996
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 175:1996
175
International Standard
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATIONWulE~YHAPO~HAR OPrAHM3AUMR I-IO CTAH&APTM3A~Wl~RGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Plastics - Determination of the effects of liquid
chemicals, including water
P/as tiques - D&termination de /‘action des agents chimiques liquides, y compris l’eau
First edition - 1981-07-01
UDC 678.5/.8 : 678.019.32/.34
Ref. No. IS0 175-1981 (E)
Descriptors : plastics, chemical resistance, liquids, water, chemical products, absorption, tests, submerging tests, measurement, calculus of
variations, test specimens.
Price based oc 12 pages
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 175:1996
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards institutes (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing Inter-
national Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the
right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council.
International Standard IS0 175 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61,
Plastics, and was circulated to the member bodies in March 1979.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Belgium Hungary Romania
Brazil India
South Africa, Rep. of
Bulgaria
Israel Spain
Canada Italy Sweden
China Korea, Rep. of Switzerland
Czechoslovakia Japan Turkey
Egypt, Arab Rep. of Libyan Arab Jamahiriya United Kingdom
Finland Netherlands USA
France New Zealand USSR
Germany, F. R. Poland
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
This International Standard cancels and replaces IS0 Recom mendations R 175-1961
and R 4624965, of which it constitutes a technical revision.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1981
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 175:1996
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 1754981 (E)
- Determination of the effects of liquid
Plastics
chemicals, including water
0 Introduction 1.3 It is applicable to all solid plastics that are available in the
form of moulding or extrusion materials, plates, tubes, rods or
Because of their varied applications, plastics are frequently sheets, having a thickness greater than 0,l mm. It is not
applicable to cellular materials.
brought into contact with liquids such as chemical products,
motor fuels, lubricants, etc., and, possibly, with their vapours.
1.4 Methods for determination of changes in properties are
Under the action of a liquid, a plastic material may be subjected
specified as follows :
to several phenomena which may occur simultaneously. On the
one hand absorption of liquid and extraction of constituents
a) changes in mass, dimensions and appearance
soluble in the liquid may occur. On the other hand, a chemical
immediately after immersion or after immersion and
reaction, most often resulting in a significant change in the pro-
drying;
perties of the plastic, may occur.
b) changes in physical properties (mechanical, thermal,
The behaviour of plastics in the presence of chemicals can be
optical, etc.) immediately after immersion or after immer-
determined only under arbitrarily fixed conditions aimed at
sion and drying.
making comparisons between different materials. The choice of
test conditions (nature of the liquids, temperatures and dura-
1.4.1 The test immediately after immersion is used when it is
tions), as well as of the properties in which changes are to be
required to ascertain the state of the material while still acted
measured, depends on the eventual application of the plastic
upon by the liquid.
under test.
However, it is not possible to establish any direct correlation
1.4.2 The test after immersion and drying is used when it is
between the experimental results and the behaviour of the
required to ascertain the state of the material after the liquid, if
plastic in service. These tests do, nevertheless, permit a com-
it is volatile, has been eliminated. It can allow determination of
parison to be made of the behaviour of different plastic
the influence of a soluble constituent.
materials under specified conditions, thus allowing an initial
evaluation of their behaviour in relation to certain groups of
substances.
2 References
NOTE - In view of its special importance, the particular case of the
IS0 62, Plastics - Determination of water absorption.
determination of the quantity of water absorbed is dealt with in IS0 62.
The effects of water described in this International Standard are con-
IS0 291, Plastics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning
cerned only with changes in dimensions and in physical properties as a
and testing.
result of the action of the water.
IS0 293, Plastics - Compression moulding test specimens of
thermopfas tic materials.
1 Scope and field of application
IS0 294, Plastics - Injection moufding test specimens of ther-
1.1 This International Standard specifies a method of expos-
moplas tic ma teriak.
ing test specimens of plastic materials, free from all external
restraint, to liquid chemicals, and methods for determining the
IS0 295, Plastics - Compression moufding test specimens of
changes in properties resulting from such exposure.
thermosetting materials.
IS0 412, Gum spirit of turpentine and wood turpentines for
1.2 It only considers, therefore, testing by immersion of the
entire surface of the test specimen3 paints and varnishes.
1) Although it is not within the scope of this International Standard, it may also be of interest, when dealing with volatile liquids or those which give
off vapours, to submit the specimen to the effect of only the gaseous phase above the liquid. In this event, it is advisable to proceed exactly as
indicated, but to suspend the test specimen above the liquid, seal the container and maintain it at the test temperature throughout.
1
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 175:1996
IS0 175-1981 (E)
IS0 1817, Vulcanized rubbers - Resistance to liquids - 4.2 Test temperatures
Methods of test.
4.2.1 Immersion temperatures
- Preparation of test specimens by
IS0 2818, Plastics
machining.
The preferred test temperatures are :
IS0 3126, Plastics pipes - Measurement of dimensions.
a) 23 + 2 OC;
I SO 3205, Preferred test temperatures.
b) 70 * 2 OC.
IEC Publication 296, Specification for new insulating oils for
If a different temperature has to be used in order to correspond
transformers and switchgear.
to the temperature at which the plastic is used, it shall be
selected from the preferred temperatures given in IS0 3205.1)
3 Principle
NOTE - In the event that the test is to be carried out at a temperature
above normal ambient conditions, it may be desirable to condition
Complete immersion of test specimens in a test liquid for a
another series of specimens at this temperature for a period equal to
a specified temperature.
specified time and at that of the test, and to measure their properties after this conditioning
in order to be able to distinguish the effect of temperature from that of
the liquid.
Determination of their properties before and after immersion
and, if applicable, after drying; in the latter case, the determina-
In the case of long duration tests, specimens stored in air at
tions are made, if possible, one after the other on the same
23 OC may undergo a change in properties. Preparation of an
specimens.
additional series of test specimens is recommended for com-
parison purposes.
NOTE - It is emphasized that the comparison of different plastics by
means of this test is valid only if the specimens used are of the same
shape, the same dimensions (in particular the same thickness) and in as
4.2.2 Measurement temperature
nearly as possible the same state (of internal stresses, surface, etc.).
The temperature for the determination of changes in mass,
dimensions or physical properties is 23 + 2 OC. If the immer-
4 General requirements and procedure
sion temperature is different, bring the specimen to 23 OC by
the procedure described in 4.6.3.
4.1 Test liquids
4.3 Test durations
4.1.1 Choice of test liquid
The preferred test durations are :
If information is required about the behaviour of a plastic in
contact with a specific liquid, that liquid shall, as a rule, be
a) 24 h for a short duration test;
used.
b) 1 week for a standard test (particularly at 23 OC);
Industrial liquids are not generally of absolutely constant com-
position. Whenever possible, the test shall be carried out in
c) 16 weeks for a long duration test.
defined chemical products used on their own or as a mixture,
and which are as representative as possible of the effect of the
If it is essential to adopt other test durations, for example if it is
products under consideration on the plastic material concerned.
desired to perform tests as a function of time or to plot the
curve until equilibrium is reached, it is recommended that the
NOTE - If making a series of tests in a liquid of doubtful composition,
durations be chosen from the following standard scale :
it is important to take all the samples of the liquid from the same con-
tainer.
-224-8-16-24-48-$1696168h;
a) 1
b) 2 - 4 - 8 - 16 - 26 - 52 - 78 weeks;
4.1.2 Test liquids
Types of test liquids are given in annex A. c) 1,5-2-3-4-5years.
In particular, the following temperatures should be used :
1)
O- 20 - 27 - 40 - 55 - 85 - 100 - 125 - 150 OC,
with a tolerance of k 2 OC on temperatures up to and including 105 OC, and + 3 OC on temperatures greater than 105 OC and up to and
including 200 OC.
In the special case of testing plastic pipes, the temperature of 60 OC given in the annex to IS0 3205 may be used.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 175:1996
IS0 175-1981 (E)
4.4 Test specimens If light is likely to have an influence on the action of the test
liquid, it is recommended to operate either in darkness or in
Depending upon the proposed test after exposure (mass,
defined illumination conditions.
dimensions, physical properties) and the nature and form
(sheet, film, rod, etc.) of the plastic material, the specimens will It may be necessary in certain cases (for example if there is a
be of very diverse shapes and dimensions. risk of oxidation) to specify the height of the liquid level above
the specimens.
They may be obtained directly by moulding, or by machining.
In the latter case, cut surfaces shall be machined to a fine finish
4.6.3 Rinsing and wiping
and shall show no trace of carbonization that could be
attributed to the method of preparation.
At the end of the period of immersion, bring the temperature of
The number of specimens to be used will be specified in the the specimens back to ambient temperature if necessary, by
transferring them quickly into a fresh quantity of test liquid at
International Standards relevant to the tests to be carried out
room temperature, for a period of 15 to 30 min.
after treatment. In the absence of specific International Stan-
dards, at least three specimens shall be tested.
Remove the specimens from the test liquid and rinse them with
a product which has no effect on the material under test and
4.5 Conditioning
which is chosen to suit the nature of the test liquid.
Condition the specimens in accordance with IS0 291.
Wipe the specimens dry with filter paper or a lint-free cloth.
NOTE - For certain plastics which are known to approach rapidly, or,
NOTES
on the contrary, very slowly, equilibrium of temperature and especially
of humidity, shorter or longer conditioning periods may be specified in
1 If requested, it may be necessary to examine the test liquid at the
the appropriate product specifications (see annex B).
end of the test. This examination may be a simple visual examination or
a more rigorous examination, including, for example, a titration.
4.6 Procedure
This examination may not be practicable if the liquid has been replaced
during the test.
4.6.1 Quantity of test liquid
2 In the case of specimens tested in solvents such as acetone or
alcohol at ambient temperature, rinsing and wiping may not be
The quantity of test liquid used shall be at least 8 ml per square
necessary.
centimetre of the total surface area of the specimen in order to
avoid a concentration of extracted product in the liquid during
the course of the test. The test liquid shall cover the specimen 4.7 Expression of results
completely.
4.7.1 Numerical expression
NOTE - A different quantity of liquid may, however, be specified in
particular International Standards; for example, for rigid PVC and
polyolefin pipes, where the amount of extractable substances is known
In addition to the results of measurements before and after
to be very small, a smaller quantity of liquid is specified in the relevant
immersion, the results may be expressed (except in special
International Standards.
cases of changes in mass) as a percentage of the value of the
property after immersion (c/2) with respect to the value before
immersion (VI), i.e. as
4.6.2 Positioning of specimens
As a rule, place each set of test specimens in a given container wyv,, x loo
and completely immerse them in the test liquid (using a weight
if necessary).
4.7.2 Graphical expression
However, when several materials of the same composition are
In every case where measurements are made as a function of
to be tested, it is permissible to put several sets of specimens
time, it is recommended that corresponding graphs be plotted.
into the same container.
The values obtained (including the original value), or the dif-
ferences in value, shall be plotted as the ordinates, and the
In every case, no significant proportion of the surfaces of the
durations 0) as the abscissae. If it is necessary to shorten the
specimens shall make contact with the surface of other
specimens, with the walls of the container, or with any weight duration scale, either a Jscale or a log t scale may be used.
that is used.
stir the liquids, for rotati ng the con-
During the test, example
bY
5 Determination of changes in mass and (or)
tainers, at least once per day.
dimensions and (or) appearance
If the test lasts longer than seven days, replace the liquid with
These determinations may, if necessary, be carried
out on the
an equal amount of the original liquid every seventh day.
same specimens.
If the liquid is u nstable (for example sodium hypochlorite),
more frequently. At least three specimens shall be used.
re place the liquid
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 175:1996
IS0 1754981 (E)
thickness, prepared under the conditions prescribed in the
5.1 Apparatus
appropriate product specification (or under the conditions
prescribed by the supplier of the material).
5.1.1 Beakers, of suitable dimensions and fitted with lids
(airtight, if necessary, and fitted with condensers in the case of
In certain special cases, a square specimen,
NOTE -
volatile liquids or those which give off vapours).
50 mm x 50 mm x 4 mm, may be used by agreement between
the interested parties.
5.1.2 Enclosure, thermostatically controlled at the test
temperature.
5.2.3 Sheets and plates
.
Specimens shall be 50 & 1 mm square and shall be machined
5.1.3 Thermometer, of suitable range and accuracy.
from the sheet or plate submitted for test.‘)
5.1.4 For determination of changes in mass :
The thickness of the specimens shall be the same as that of the
sheet or plate submitted for test, if its nominal thickness is less
5.1.4.1 Weighing bottle.
than or equal to 25 mm.
If the nominal thickness is greater than 25 mm, and in the
5.1.4.2 Balance, accurate to within 0,001 g in the case of
absence of special provisions in the relevant specification,
specimens of mass equal to or greater than 1 g, or to within
reduce the thickness of the specimen to 25 mm by machining
0,000 1 g in the case of specimens of mass less than 1 g.
one face only.
5.1.5 For determination of dimensional changes :
5.2.4 Tubes and rods
5.1.5.1 Dial micrometer, with flat anvils, accurate
5.2.4.1 Tubes
to 0,Ol mm.
If possible, reference shall be made to the relevant International
5.1.5.2 Caliper gauge, capable of measuring to an
Standards for the material under test.2) In the absence of
accuracy of 0,l mm.
specific International Standards, the specimen shall be a piece
of tube, of length 50 + 1 mm, obtained by cutting it at right
angles to its longitudinal axis.
5.1.6 Ventilated oven, if required, capable of being con-
trolled at the chosen drying temperature.
For tubes of outside diameter greater than 50 mm, a length of
50 * 1 mm shall be cut and the test specimen prepared from
NOTE - In the absence of any special instructions, use an oven con-
trolled at 50 + 2 OC. this length by making a cut along each of two planes containing
the longitudinal axis of the tube, so as to give a developed
width of 50 + 1 mm when measured on the outer surface.
5.2 Test specimens (see also 4.4)
5.2.4.2 Rods
5.2.1 Moulding materials
For rods of diameter less than or equal to 50 mm, the test
Specimens shall have a diameter of 50 + 1 mm and a thickness
specimen shall be a piece of the rod of length 50 * 1 mm,
of 3 + 02 mm. They shall be moulded to shape under the con-
obtained by cutting it at right angles to its longitudinal axis.
ditions specified in the appropriate product specification (or
under the conditions prescribed by the supplier).
For rods of diameter greater than 50 mm, in the absence of any
specification agreed between the interested parties, the test
NOTES
specimen shall be a 50 + 1 mm length of the rod with its
1 The general principles for the preparation of moulded specimens
diameter reduced to 50 + 1 mm by machining concentrically.
are the subjects of IS0 293, IS0 294 and IS0 295.
2 In certain specialcases,a squarespecimen5Omm x 50mm x 4mm,
5.2.5 Profile sections
may be used by agreement between the interested parties.
In the absence of specific International Standards, cut a
5.2.2 Extrusion compounds 50 + 1 mm long piece of the profile section and use as the test
specimen either :
Specimens shall have a diameter of 50 + 1 mm and a
a) this piece of the profile section;
thickness of 3 * 02 mm. They shall be cut from a sheet of this
1) For example, in accordance with IS0 2818.
2) The preparation of methods of test for plastics pipes is the responsibility of ISO/TC 138, Plastics &es, fittlirgs and valves for the transport of
fluids. The general procedures described in this International Standard have been used as a basis for the appropriate methods of evaluating the effects
of chemical products on plastics pipes. IS0 4433 will specify t
...
Norme internationale 175
~ ~~
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATlON@MEWYHAPOBHAfi OPTAHH3AUHR Il0 CTAH~AFTH3A~MH.ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Plastiques - Détermination de l'action des agents
chimiques liquides, y compris l'eau
Plastics - Determination of the effects of liquid chemicals, including water
Premiere edition - 1981-07-01
Ref. no : IS0 175-1981 (FI
CDU 678.51.8 : 678.019.321.34
I
U
-
Descripteurs : matibre plastique, resistance chimique, liquide, eau, composé chimique, absorption, essai, méthode par immersion, mesurage,
8
calcul des variations, specimen d'essai.
z
r-,
O Prix bas6 sur 12 pages
2
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
Avant-propos
L‘ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale
d’organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de I’ISO). L‘élaboration
des Normes internationales est confiée aux comités techniques de I’ISO. Chaque
le droit de faire partie du comité technique
comité membre intéressé par une étude a
correspondant. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouverne-
mentales, en liaison avec I’ISO, participent également aux travaux.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis
aux comités membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes inter-
nationales par le Conseil de I‘ISO.
La Norme internationale IS0 175 a été Blaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 61,
Plastiques, et a été soumise aux comités membres en mars 1979.
Les comités membres des pays suivants l’ont approuvée :
Afrique du Sud, Rép. d Finlande Pologne
Allemagne, R. F.
France Roumanie
Belgique Hongrie Royaume-Uni
Brésil
Inde Suede
Bulgarie Israël Suisse
Canada Italie Tchécoslovaquie
Chine Jamahiriya arabe libyenne Turquie
Corée, Rép. de Japon URSS
Egypte, Rép. arabe d’ Nouvelle-Zélande USA
Pays-Bas
Espagne
Aucun comité membre ne l’a désapprouvée,
Cette Norme internationale annule et remplace les Recommandations ISO/R 175-1961
et ISO/R 462-1965, dont elle constitue une révision technique.
0 Organisation internationale de normalisation, 1981 O
Imprime en Suisse
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
NORM E I NTERNATION ALE
IS0 175-1981 (F)
Plastiques - Détermination de l'action des agents
chimiques liquides, y compris l'eau
O Introduction 1.2
Elle n'envisage en consequence que l'essai par immersion
sur toute la surface de I'Bprouvette.')
Du fait de leurs applications variees, les plastiques sont amenes
frequemment B se trouver en contact avec des liquides tels que
1.3 Elle est applicable B tous les plastiques compacts se pr6-
produits chimiques, carburants, lubrifiants, etc., et &entuelle-
sentant sous forme de matibres B mouler ou B extruder, de pla-
ment leurs vapeurs.
ques, tubes, joncs ou feuilles ayant une Bpaisseur superieure
B 0,l mm. Elle n'est pas applicable aux materiaux alveolaires.
Sous l'effet d'un liquide, un plastique peut être le siege de plu-
sieurs phhomènes qui peuvent être concomitants : d'une part
une absorption de liquide et une extraction de ses constituants 1.4 Les methodes de determination des variations de caracte-
solubles dans le liquide, d'autre part une reaction chimique ristiques sont specifiees comme suit :
entraînant le plus souvent une modification sensible de ses pro-
prietes. a) variations de masse, de dimensions et d'aspect, imm6-
diatement apres immersion, ou aprbs immersion et sechage;
Le comportement des plastiques en presence d'agents chimi-
ques ne peut &re determine que dans des conditions arbitraire-
b) variations des caracteristiques physiques (mecaniques,
ment fixees et en vue de comparer entre eux divers materiaux. thermiques, optiques, etc.), immediatement apres immer-
Le choix des conditions d'essai (nature du liquide, temperatu- sion, ou apres immersion et sechage.
res et durees), ainsi que des caracteristiques dont on mesure les
variations, depend de l'utilisation ulterieure du plastique soumis
1.4.1 L'essai immediatement apres immersion est utilise
B l'essai.
lorsqu'on veut connaître 1'6tat de la matibre encore sous
l'action du liquide.
Toutefois, on ne peut Btablir aucune correlation directe entre
et la tenue en service du plastique.
les resultats experimentaux
Ces essais permettent cependant de comparer le comporte- 1.4.2 L'essai apres immersion et s6chage est utilise lorsqu'on
ment des differents plastiques A une action determinee et veut connaître I'etat de la matiere apres que le liquide, s'il est
d'avoir ainsi une premiere evaluation de leur comportement vis- volatil, a et6 Blimine. II peut permettre de determiner l'influence
d'un composant soluble.
&vis de certains groupes de substances.
NOTE - Le cas particulier de la determination de la quantite d'eau
absorbhe, en raison de son importance particulibre, est traite dans
I'ISO 62. Les effets de l'eau decrits dans la presente Norme internatio-
2 RBfBrences
nale ne concernent que les variations de dimensions et de proprietes
physiques aprbs action de l'eau.
IS0 62, Plastiques - DBtermination de l'absorption d'eau.
IS0 291, Plastiques - Atmosphkres normales de conditionne-
1 Objet et domaine d'application
ment et d'essai.
IS0 293, Plastiques - Moulage par compression des kprouvet-
1 .I La presente Norme internationale specifie une methode
tes en thermoplastiques.
d'exposition d'eprouvettes en plastique exemptes de toute con-
trainte extkrieure, B des agents chimiques liquides, ainsi que
IS0 294, Mati&res plastiques - Moulage par injection des
des methodes de determination des variations de caractbristi-
kprouvettes en mati&res thermoplastiques.
ques resultant d'une telle exposition.
1) Bien que cela ne soit pas l'objet de la presente Norme internationale, il peut être Bgalement interessant, lorsqu'on a affaire 8 des liquides volatils ou
degageant des vapeurs, de soumettre I'bprouvette 8 la seule influence de la phase gazeuse surmontant le liquide. II convient, dans ce cas, d'ophrer
exactement comme indique, mais en suspendant 1'6prouvette au-dessus du liquide, tout en bouchant le recipient et en maintenant ce dernier entibre-
ment B la temperature de l'essai.
1
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IS0 175-1981 (F)
IS0 295, Matières plastiques - Moulage par compression des
NOTE - Dans le cas OÙ l'on fait une serie d'essais dans un liquide de
dprouvettes en matières thermodurcissables. composition mal connue, il est important de faire tous les prelbvements
de liquide dans un même contenant.
IS0 412, Essence de térdbenthine et essences de bois pour
peintures et vernis.
4.1.2 Liquides d'essai
IS0 181 7, Caoutchoucs vulcanisés - Résistance aux liquides
Les types de liquides d'essai sont donnes dans l'annexe A.
- Méthodes d'essai.
4.2 Temperatures d'essai
IS0 2818, Matières plastiques - Prbparation des éprouvettes
par usinage.
4.2.1 Temperatures d'immersion
IS0 3126, Tubes en matières plastiques - Mesurage des
dimensions.
Les temperatures preferentielles d'essai sont
IS O 3205, Tempdratures prd férentielles d'essai. a) 23 f 2 OC;
Publication CE1 296, Spécification des huiles isolantes neuves
b) 70 f 2OC.
pour transformateurs et interrupteurs.
Au cas ob une autre temperature devrait Qtre utilisee pour cor-
O
respondre B la temperature B laquelle la matihre plastique est
employee, la choisir dans 1'6chelle des temperatures preferen-
3 Principe
tielles donnees dans I'ISO 3205.l)
Immersion complhte des eprouvettes dans un liquide d'essai,
NOTE - Dans le cas où l'essai doit être fait & une temperature sup&-
pendant une duke et B une temperature determinees.
rieure aux conditions normales ambiantes, il peut ltre preferable de
conditionner une autre série d'eprouvettes B cette temperature pen-
dant une duree Bgale & celle de l'essai, et de faire les mesurages des
Determination des caracteristiques avant et aprhs immersion et
proprietes aprbs ce conditionnement, afin de pouvoir distinguer
6ventuellement aprhs séchage; dans ce dernier cas, les détermi-
l'action de la temperature de celle du liquide.
nations sont, si possible, faites B la suite l'une de l'autre sur les
mêmes Bprouvettes.
Dans le cas d'essai de longue duree, I'eprouvette conservee
dans l'air B 23 OC peut voir ses proprietes changer. Une serie
NOTE - Il est & signaler que la comparaison de differents plastiques
supplementaire d'eprouvettes pour comparaison est recom-
au moyen de cet essai n'est valable que si l'on utilise des éprouvettes
mandee.
de mlme forme, de mêmes dimensions (en particulier de même épais-
seur) et d'un état (tensions internes, surface, etc.) aussi voisin que pos-
sible.
4.2.2 Température de mesure
La temperature pour la determination des variations de masse,
de dimensions ou de caracteristiques physiques est de
4 Conditions generales d'essai et mode
23 k 2 OC. Lorsque la temperature d'immersion est differente,
operatoire
amener 1'6prouvette B 23 OC selon le mode operatoire decrit en
4.6.3.
4.1 Liquides d'essai
4.3 Dude des essais
4.1.1 Choix du liquide d'essai
Les durees preferentielles d'essai sont de :
Lorsque l'on desire des renseignements sur le comportement
a) 24 h pour un essai de courte dur6e;
d'un plastique au contact d'un liquide determine, c'est ce
liquide qui, en principe, doit Qtre utilise.
b) 1 semaine pour un essai normal (en particulier B 23 OC);
Les liquides industriels ne sont generalement pas de composi-
c) 16 semaines pour un essai de longue dur6e.
tion absolument constante. On doit, toutes les fois que cela est
possible, effectuer l'essai dans des produits chimiques definis
S'il est indispensable d'utiliser d'autres durees d'essai, par
utilises seuls ou en melange et aussi representatifs que possible
exemple si l'on desire faire des essais en fonction du temps ou
de l'action des produits envisages sur le plastique concerne.
-
1) En particulier, les temperatures suivantes devraient être utilisees :
O - 20 - 27 - 40 - 55 - 85 - 100 - 125 - 150 OC,
avec une tolerance Bgale & f 2 OC jusqu'h 105 OC inclus, et f 3 OC pour les temperatures superieures & 105 OC et jusqu'h 200 OC inclus.
60 OC donnee dans l'annexe de I'ISO 3205 peut ltre utilisee.
Dans le cas particulier des essais de tubes en plastique, la temperature de
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
IS0 175-1981 (F)
tracer la courbe de variation jusqu’h I’equilibre, il est recom- Dans tous les cas, aucune part importante des faces des Bprou-
mande de choisir les durees dans I‘Bchelle normalisbe suivante : vettes ne doit se trouver en contact avec la face des autres
Bprouvettes, ni avec les parois du recipient, ou avec les poids
a) 1-2-4-8-16-24-48-96-168h;
utilises.
b) 2 - 4 - 8 - 16 - 26 - 52 - 78 semaines;
Pendant l‘essai, agiter les liquides, par exemple par rotation des
recipients, au moins une fois par jour.
c) 1,5 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 annees.
Si l’essai dure plus de sept jours, remplacer le liquide par une
Bgale quantite de liquide original, tous les sept jours.
4.4 Éprouvettes
Si le liquide est instable (par exemple hypochlorite de sodium),
Selon l’essai propos6 apres l’immersion des Bprouvettes
proceder B des remplacements de liquide plus frequents.
(masse, dimensions, caracteristiques physiques) et la nature et
la forme (feuille, film, jonc, etc.) des plastiques, les Bprouvettes
Si la lumibre peut avoir une influence sur l’action du liquide
seront de formes et de dimensions tres differentes.
d‘essai, il est recommande d’op6rer soit B I’obscurite, soit en
condition d’eclairement defini.
Elles peuvent être obtenues directement par moulage, ou par
usinage. Dans ce dernier cas, les surfaces de coupe doivent
II peut être n6cessaire, dans certains cas (par exemple risque
être usinees finement et ne doivent presenter aucune trace de
d’oxydation), de preciser la hauteur du niveau de liquide au-
carbonisation qui pourrait être due au mode de prbparation.
dessus des eprouvettes.
Le nombre d‘6prouvettes B utiliser doit être specif% dans les
Normes internationales d’essais B effectuer aprbs traitement.
En l‘absence de Normes internationales particulibres, essayer
4.6.3 Rinçage et essuyage des bprouvettes
au moins trois 6prouvettes.
A la fin de la periode d‘immersion, ramener si necessaire la tem-
perature des Bprouvettes h la temperature ambiante, en les
4.5 Conditionnement
transferant rapidement dans une nouvelle quantite du liquide
d’essai B la temperature du local, et en les y laissant pendant
Conditionner les eprouvettes conformement h I’ISO 291.
une duree de 15 B 30 min.
NOTE - Pour certains plastiques connus comme devant se rapprocher
Retirer les Bprouvettes du liquide d’essai et les rincer avec un
rapidement ou, au contraire, tr& lentement de 1’6tat d’equilibre de
produit sans action sur le plastique essaye et choisi en fonction
temperature et surtout d‘humidite, des durees de conditionnement
de la nature du liquide d‘essai.
plus courtes ou plus longues pourront Btre prescrites dans des specifi-
cations particulibres (voir annexe 6).
Essuyer les eprouvettes avec un papier filtre ou un linge sans
peluches.
4.6 Mode operatoire
NOTES
O
1 Sur demande, il peut atre necessaire d’examiner le liquide d‘essai
4.6.1 Quantitb de liquide d’essai
aprbs la fin de l’essai. Cet examen peut &re un simple examen visuel ou
un examen plus rigoureux, comportant par exemple un dosage.
La quantite de liquide d‘essai B utiliser doit être au moins
Cet examen peut n‘&tre pas praticable si l’on a remplace le liquide pen-
de 8 ml par centimetre carre de surface totale de I‘Bprouvette,
dant l’essai.
afin d’eviter une concentration du liquide en produit d’extrac-
tion au cours de l’essai. Le liquide d’essai doit recouvrir complb-
2 Dans le cas oh les Bprouvettes sont essayees dans des solvants tels
tement 1’6prouvette. que I’ac6tone ou l’alcool B temperature ambiante, il n‘est pas neces-
saire de les rincer et de les essuyer.
NOTE - Une quantite differente de liquide peut atre toutefois prescrite
par les Normes internationales particulibres; par exemple pour les tubes
ob il y a notoirement trbs peu de subs-
en PVC rigides et en polyolefine,
4.7 Expression des resultats
tances extractibles, une quantite inferieure de liquide est prescrite par
les Normes internationales spbcifiques.
4.7.1 Expression numerique
4.6.2 Mise en place des bprouvettes
Outre les resultats des mesures avant et aprbs immersion, les
En principe, placer chaque jeu d‘bprouvettes dans un recipient
resultats peuvent être exprimes, sauf cas particuliers des varia-
donne, et l‘immerger completement dans le liquide d‘essai (en
tions de masse, en pourcentage de la valeur de la caracteristi-
utilisant un poids si n6cessaire).
que aprbs immersion ( V2) par rapport B la valeur avant immer-
sion (VI), c‘est-&dire en
Cependant, lorsqu’on a B essayer plusieurs matieres de m6me
composition, il est possible de mettre plusieurs jeux d‘bprouvet-
tes dans le même recipient.
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
IS0 175-1981 (FI
4.7.2 Expression graphique 5.2 Éproovettes (voir aussi 4.4)
Dans tous les cas où l'on fait des mesures en fonction de la
5.2.1 Matieres B mouler
durke, il est recommande de tracer les courbes correspon-
dantes. Mettre en ordonnees les valeurs obtenues (dont la
Les éprouvettes doivent avoir un diambtre de 502 _+ 1 mm et
valeur originale) ou bien les différences de valeurs, et mettre en
une Bpaisseur de 3 f 0,2 mm; elles doivent être moulees en
abscisses les durees (t). S'il est necessaire de raccourcir
forme dans les conditions indiquees dans les specifications rela-
I'Bchelle des durees, on pourra utiliser soit 1'6chelle & soit
tives 3 la matibre (ou dans des conditions prescrites par le four-
1'8chelle log t.
nisseur).
NOTES
1 Les principes gknéraux de préparation des 6prouvettes moulbes
5 Dbtermination des variations de masse, de
font l'objet de I'ISO 293, IS0 294 et IS0 295.
dimensions ou d'aspect
2 Dans certains cas particuliers, une Bprouvette carrBe de
50 mrn x 50 mm x 4 mm pourra etre utilisBe, aprhs accord entre les
Ces determinations peuvent être, si necessaire, effectuees sur
parties intbressées.
les mêmes Bprouvettes.
Utiliser au moins trois Bprouvettes.
5.2.2 Melange pour extrusion
O
Les Bprouvettes doivent avoir un diametre de 50 It 1 mm et
5.1 Appareillage
une Bpaisseur de 3 +_ 0,2 mm. Elles doivent &re decoupées
dans une feuille de cette Bpaisseur, preparee dans les condi-
B la matibre (ou
tions indiquees dans les specifications relatives
5.1.1 BOchers, de dimensions appropriees et munis de cou-
dans les conditions prescrites par le fournisseur de la matibre).
vercles (étanches si necessaire et équip& de refrigerants, dans
le cas de liquides volatils ou degageant des vapeurs).
NOTE - Dans certains cas particuliers, une eprouvette carrBe de
50 mm x 50 mm x 4 rnm pourra être utilisee, aprbs accord entre les
5.1.2 Enceinte thermoregularisee & la temperature de parties intBressBes.
l'essai.
5.2.3 Feuilles et plaques
5.1.3 Thermornetre, d'6chelle et de justesse convenables.
Les gprouvettes carrbs doivent avoir 50 f 1 mm de côté et
doivent 6tre usinees B partir de la feuille ou de la plaque sou-
5.1.4 Pour la determination des variations de masse :
& I'essai.1)
mise
L'Bpaisseur des Bprouvettes est la même que celle de la feuille
5.1.4.1 Vase B peser.
ou de la plaque soumise B l'essai, si 1'6paisseur nominale de
celle-ci est inferieure ou &gale & 25 mm.
5.1.4.2 Balance, precise B 0,001 g dans le cas d'éprouvettes
de masse Bgale ou superieure B 1 g, ou & 0,OOO 1 g dans le cas Si I'gpaisseur nominale est superieure B 25 mm, et en l'absence
O
d'eprouvettes de masse inferieure & 1 g.
de dispositions particulibres dans la spécification correspon-
dante, ramener I'Bpaisseur de I'Bprouvette & 25 mm par usinage
sur une seule face.
5.1.5 Pour la determination de la variation de
dimensions :
5.2.4 Joncs et tubes
5.1.5.1 Micrometre B cadran, 9 touche plane, precis
5.2.4.1 Tubes
B 0,Ol mm.
Autant que possible, faire rbférence aux normes correspondan-
5.1.5.2 Pied B coulisse, permettant d'apprecier 0,l mm.
tes du materiau essay6.2) En l'absence de Normes internationa-
les particulibres, 1'6prouvette doit être constituée par un mor-
ceau de tube de 50 f 1 mm de longueur, obtenu par trancha-
5.1.6 Étuve ventilee, si necessaire, pouvant être reglee B la
ges effectues perpendiculairement B son axe longitudinal.
température de sechage choisie.
Pour les tubes de diambtre exterieur supbrieur & 50 mm, decou-
NOTE - En l'absence d'indication particulibre, utiliser une Btuve reglee
per, dans un morceau de tube de 50 f 1 mm de longueur,
850 +_ 2oc.
1) Par exemple conformbment I'ISO 2818.
2) La preparation des methodes d'essai pour les tubes en plastique est du ressort de I'ISO/TC 138, Tubes, raccords et robinetterie en plastiquespour
le transport des fluides. Les modes operatoires generaux dBcrits dans la presente Norme internationale ont Bt6 pris comme base pour les methodes
spkcifiques d'hvaluation des effets des produits chimiques sur les tubes plastiques. L'ISO 4433 spbcifiera la methode d'essai pour les tubes en polyol6-
fine; les methodes d'essai pour les tubes en PVC et ABS feront l'objet de futures Normes internationales.
4
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IS0 175-1981 (FI
une Bprouvette de 50 f 1 mm de largeur dBveloppBe, mesurBe
Si le liquide utilise pour l’essai est volatil B la temperature
sur la surface extbrieure, en effectuant deux saignees selon
ambiante, la durBe durant laquelle I’Bprouvette est exposbe B
deux génbratrices.
l’air ne doit pas excbder 30 s. S’il est necessaire de continuer
l‘essai aprbs pesBe (essai en fonction du temps), replacer imm6-
diatement les Bprouvettes dans le liquide et remettre les r6ci-
5.2.4.2 Joncs
pients dans l‘enceinte thermor6gularisBe.
Pour les joncs de diambtre infBrieur ou Bgal B 50 mm, 1’6prou-
vette doit &re constitube par un morceau de jonc de
et séchage
5.3.1.4 Mesurage après immersion
50 f 1 mm de longueur, obtenu par tranchages effectues per-
pendiculairement B son axe longitudinal.
Sortir les Bprouvettes des vases B peser et les sécher B I’Btuve B
la temperature spécifiée (en génBral 2 h B 50 f 2 OC) jusqu’B
Pour les joncs de diambtre supBrieur 8 50 mm,
...
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