ISO/TR 10093:2018

Plastics — Fire tests — Standard ignition sources

This document describes and classifies a range of laboratory ignition sources for use in fire tests on plastics and products consisting substantially of plastics. These sources vary in intensity and area of impingement. They are suitable for use to simulate the initial thermal abuse to which plastics are potentially exposed in certain actual fire risk scenarios. Different standards developing organizations have issued many standard test methods, specifications and regulations to assess fire properties of plastics or of products containing plastic materials. Many of those standards contain ignition sources associated with flaming and non-flaming ignition. This document describes the ignition sources and references the associated standard. This compilation of ignition sources does not discuss the application of the standard where the ignition source is described and is likely not to be a fully comprehensive list of ignition sources. This document does not address detailed test procedures.

Plastiques — Essais au feu — Sources d'allumage normalisées

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 10-Sep-2018
• Withdrawal Date: 10-Sep-2018
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 4 - Burning behaviour
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 4/WG 8 - Ignitability and fire growth
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 04-Dec-2020
• Completion Date: 08-Nov-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO/TR 10093:2017 - Plastics — Fire tests — Standard ignition sources
• Effective Date: 27-Jan-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
ISO/TC 61/SC 4
ISO/TC 61/SC 4
Secretariat: BSI
Plastics — Fire tests — Standard ignition sources
Élément introductif — Élément central — Élément complémentaire

Deleted: Error! Hyperlink
reference not valid.¶
Introduction 6¶
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Contents Page
not valid.¶
2 Normative references 1¶
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Foreword . 5
not valid.¶
4 Ignition processes 4¶
Introduction . 6
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1 Scope . 1  not valid.¶
6 General principles 5¶
2 Normative references . 1
Error! Hyperlink reference
not valid.¶
3 Terms and definitions . 1
6.2 Non-flaming ignition
sources 6¶
4 Ignition processes . 4
Error! Hyperlink reference
not valid.¶
5 Characteristics of ignition sources . 5
7.1 7.1 Traditional
6 General principles . 5
cigarettes 8¶
Error! Hyperlink reference
6.1 Flaming ignition sources . 5
not valid.¶
6.2 Non-flaming ignition sources . 6
8 Non-flaming electrical
ignition sources 9¶
7 Smouldering (cigarette) ignition sources . 8
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7.1 7.1 Traditional cigarettes . 8
not valid.¶
7.2 Non-reduced ignition propensity cigarettes . 8
8.2 Hot-wire ignition 10¶
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8 Non-flaming electrical ignition sources . 9
not valid.¶
8.1 Glow-wire ignition . 9
9.1 Conical radiant ignition
8.2 Hot-wire ignition. 10
sources 11¶
Error! Hyperlink reference
9 Radiant ignition sources . 11
not valid.¶
9.1 Conical radiant ignition sources . 11
9.1.2 Smoke chamber
conical heater 14¶
9.1.1 Cone calorimeter ignition source . 12
Error! Hyperlink reference
9.1.2 Smoke chamber conical heater . 14
not valid.¶
9.1.3 Ignition source from periodic flaming ignition test . 17
9.2 Other radiant ignition
9.2 Other radiant ignition sources . 18
sources 18¶
9.2.1 Glowbars ignition source . 18  Error! Hyperlink reference
not valid.¶
9.2.2 Lateral ignition and flame spread test (LIFT) radiant panel heater. . 19
9.2.2 Lateral ignition and
9.2.3 Setchkin ignition . 19
flame spread test (LIFT)
radiant panel heater. 19¶
10 Infrared heating system . 21
Error! Hyperlink reference
11 Diffusion flame ignition . 22  not valid.¶
10 Infrared heating
11.1 Needle flame ignition . 22
system 21¶
11.2 Burning match . 23
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11.3 Burners generating 50 W or 500 W flames . 25
not valid.¶
11.1 Needle flame
12 Premixed burners . 27
ignition 22¶
12.1 Premixed burner for 1 kW flame . 27
Error! Hyperlink reference
12.2 Burners for vertical cable tray tests . 28
not valid.¶
11.3 Burners generating
12.2.1 Venturi burners for 20 kW vertical cable tray tests . 28
50 W or 500 W flames 25¶
12.2.2 Burner for vertical riser cable tests . 29
Error! Hyperlink reference
12.3 Burner for large scale horizontal tests . 30
not valid.¶
12.4 Burners for room corner tests . 31
12.1 Premixed burner for
12.4.1 Burner for ISO 9705-1 . 31  1 kW flame 27¶
Error! Hyperlink reference
12.4.2 Alternate burner for room corner test . 32
not valid.¶
12.5 Burners for individual product heat release tests . 32
12.2.1 Venturi burners for
12.5.1 Burner for single fuel package calorimeter . 32
20 kW vertical cable tray
12.5.2 Square tube propane burner . 33  tests 28¶
Error! Hyperlink reference
12.5.3 T-shaped propane burner . 33
not valid.¶
12.5.4 Dual T-shaped propane burner . 33
12.3 Burner for large scale
horizontal tests 30¶
... [1]
13 Other ignition sources . 35
13.1 Wood cribs . 35
13.2 Paper bags. 35
Bibliography . 36
ISO/TR 10093:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non‐governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Deleted: www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Deleted: www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. Deleted: www.iso.org/iso/forewor
d.html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning
behaviour.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 10093:2017), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— general changes and updates have been made following early publication of the previous edition;
— Clause 3: terms and definitions have been updated to align and with the definitions in ISO 13943:2017;
— Table 1 has been corrected: Column 2 for “Premixed burner for 1 kW flame” has been corrected to show
IEC 60332‐1‐1 and IEC 60332‐1‐2;
— Figure 9: reference in note has been corrected to IEC 60695‐11‐5:2016, Figure 1;
— 11.3.1 has been updated with correct references to IEC standards;
— 12.1.1: “Premixed burner for 1 kW flame” has been corrected to show IEC 60332‐1‐1 and IEC 60332‐1‐2;
— 12.1.2 has been updated to state that the flow rates are for the preferred “Method A”;
— 12.1.2 has been updated to change “greater than 98%” to “not less than 95%”.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html. Deleted: www.iso.org/members.ht
ml
Introduction
Fires are caused by a wide range of possible ignition sources. Statistical analysis of fires has identified the
main primary and secondary sources, especially for fires in buildings. The most frequent sources of fires
have been found to be as follows:
a) cooking appliances;
b) space‐heating appliances;
c) electric wiring, connectors and terminations;
d) other electrical appliances (such as washing machines, bedwarmers, televisions, water heaters);
e) cigarettes;
f) matches and smokers' gas lighters;
g) blow‐lamps, blow‐torches and welding torches;
h) rubbish burning; and
i) candles.
The above list covers the major primary ignition sources for accidental fires. Other sources can be involved
in fires raised maliciously. Research into causes of fires has shown that primary ignition sources (e.g.
glowing cigarettes or dropped flaming matches) can set fire to waste paper, which then acts as a secondary
ignition source of greater intensity.
When analysing and evaluating the various ignition sources for applications involving plastics materials, it is
important to answer the following questions on the basis of detailed fire statistics.
1) What is the significance of the individual ignition sources in various fire risk situations?
2) What proportion is attributable to secondary ignition sources?
3) Where does particular attention have to be paid to secondary ignition sources?
4) To what extent are different ignition sources responsible for fatal fire accidents?
The following laboratory ignition sources are intended to simulate actual ignition sources that have been
shown to be the cause of real fires involving plastics. Laboratory ignition sources are preferred over actual
ignition sources due to their consistency, which results in greater data repeatability within a laboratory and
greater reproducibility between laboratories.
These laboratory ignition sources can be used to develop new test procedures.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 10093:2018(E)

Plastics — Fire tests — Standard ignition sources
1 Scope
This document describes and classifies a range of laboratory ignition sources for use i
...

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 10093
Second edition
2018-10
Plastics — Fire tests — Standard
ignition sources
Plastiques — Essais au feu — Sources d'allumage normalisées
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Ignition processes . 4
5 Characteristics of ignition sources . 4
6 General principles . 5
6.1 Flaming ignition sources . 5
6.1.1 Diffusion flame ignition source . 5
6.1.2 Premixed flame source . 5
6.1.3 Issues associated with flaming ignition sources . 5
6.2 Non-flaming ignition sources . 6
7 Smouldering (cigarette) ignition sources . 7
7.1 Traditional cigarettes . 7
7.2 Non-reduced ignition propensity cigarettes . 8
8 Non-flaming electrical ignition sources . 8
8.1 Glow-wire ignition . 8
8.2 Hot-wire ignition . 9
9 Radiant ignition sources .10
9.1 Conical radiant ignition sources .10
9.1.1 General.10
9.1.2 Cone calorimeter ignition source .11
9.1.3 Smoke chamber conical heater .14
9.1.4 Ignition source from periodic flaming ignition test . .17
9.2 Other radiant ignition sources .18
9.2.1 Glowbars ignition source .18
9.2.2 Lateral ignition and flame spread test (LIFT) radiant panel heater. .19
9.2.3 Setchkin ignition .20
10 Infrared heating system .21
11 Diffusion flame ignition .22
11.1 Needle flame ignition .22
11.2 Burning match .23
11.3 Burners generating 50 W or 500 W flames .25
12 Premixed burners .28
12.1 Premixed burner for 1 kW flame .28
12.2 Burners for vertical cable tray tests.29
12.2.1 Venturi burners for 20 kW vertical cable tray tests .29
12.2.2 Burner for vertical riser cable tests .31
12.3 Burner for large scale horizontal tests .31
12.4 Burners for room corner tests .32
12.4.1 Burner for ISO 9705-1.32
12.4.2 Alternate burner for room corner test .33
12.5 Burners for individual product heat release tests .34
12.5.1 Burner for single fuel package calorimeter .34
12.5.2 Square tube propane burner .34
12.5.3 T-shaped propane burner .35
12.5.4 Dual T-shaped propane burner .35
13 Other ignition sources .36
13.1 Wood cribs .36
13.2 Paper bags .37
Bibliography .38
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning
behaviour.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 10093:2017), which has been
technically revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— general changes and updates have been made following early publication of the previous edition;
— Clause 3: terms and definitions have been updated to align and with the definitions in ISO 13943:2017;
— Table 1 has been corrected: Column 2 for “Premixed burner for 1 kW flame” has been corrected to
show IEC 60332-1-1 and IEC 60332-1-2;
— Figure 9: reference in note has been corrected to IEC 60695-11-5:2016, Figure 1;
— 11.3.1 has been updated with correct references to IEC standards;
— 12.1.1: “Premixed burner for 1 kW flame” has been corrected to show IEC 60332-1-1 and
IEC 60332-1-2;
— 12.1.2 has been updated to state that the flow rates are for the preferred “Method A”;
— 12.1.2 has been updated to change “greater than 98%” to “not less than 95%”.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
Introduction
Fires are caused by a wide range of possible ignition sources. Statistical analysis of fires has identified
the main primary and secondary sources, especially for fires in buildings. The most frequent sources of
fires have been found to be as follows:
a) cooking appliances;
b) space-heating appliances;
c) electric wiring, connectors and terminations;
d) other electrical appliances (such as washing machines, bedwarmers, televisions, water heaters);
e) cigarettes;
f) matches and smokers' gas lighters;
g) blow-lamps, blow-torches and welding torches;
h) rubbish burning; and
i) candles.
The above list covers the major primary ignition sources for accidental fires. Other sources can be
involved in fires raised maliciously. Research into causes of fires has shown that primary ignition
sources (e.g. glowing cigarettes or dropped flaming matc
...