ISO 4378-3:2017
(Main)Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and symbols — Part 3: Lubrication
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and symbols — Part 3: Lubrication
ISO 4378-3:2017 specifies the most commonly used terms relating to lubrication of plain bearings with their definitions and classification. For some terms and word combinations, their short forms are given, which can be used where they are unambiguous. Self-explanatory terms are given without definitions.
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions, classification et symboles — Partie 3: Lubrification
L'ISO 4378-3:2017 spécifie les termes les plus couramment utilisés en matière de lubrification, ainsi que leur définition et leur classification. Les formes abrégées données pour certains termes peuvent être employées dans les cas où elles ne créent aucune ambiguïté possible quant à leur interprétation. Les termes suffisamment explicites par eux-mêmes ne sont pas définis.
Drsni ležaji - Izrazi, definicije, klasifikacija in simboli - 3. del: Mazanje
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
01-oktober-2020
Drsni ležaji - Izrazi, definicije, klasifikacija in simboli - 3. del: Mazanje
Plain bearings - Terms, definitions, classification and symbols - Part 3: Lubrication
Paliers lisses - Termes, définitions, classification et symboles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 4378-3:2017
ICS:
01.040.21 Mehanski sistemi in deli za Mechanical systems and
splošno rabo (Slovarji) components for general use
(Vocabularies)
21.100.10 Drsni ležaji Plain bearings
21.260 Mazalni sistemi Lubrication systems
SIST ISO 4378-3:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
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SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4378-3
Third edition
2017-07
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions,
classification and symbols —
Part 3:
Lubrication
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions, classification et symboles —
Partie 3: Lubrification
Reference number
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 6,
Terms and common items.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4378-3:2009), which has been technically
revised. The following changes have been made:
— editorial revision of the document;
— addition of 12 new figures;
— revision of clause numbers.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 4378 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
Introduction
As there is a large number of multiple designations in the domain of plain bearings, there is a
considerable risk of error in the interpretation of standards and technical literature. This uncertainty
leads to the continuous addition of supplementary designations, which only serves to increase the
misunderstanding.
This document is an attempt to establish a uniform basic system of designations of lubrication.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
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SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and
symbols —
Part 3:
Lubrication
1 Scope
This document specifies the most commonly used terms relating to lubrication of plain bearings with
their definitions and classification.
For some terms and word combinations, their short forms are given, which can be used where they are
unambiguous. Self-explanatory terms are given without definitions.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
lubrication
technique to reduce friction force, wear and deterioration of the surfaces of two bodies in contact and
in relative motion due to the action and effect of lubricant
3.1.2
method of lubrication
method of supplying lubricant into the space between two bodies in contact and in relative motion
3.2 Types of lubrication and classification
3.2.1 Classification according to physical state of the lubricant
3.2.1.1
gas-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are separated by a gaseous
lubricant (3.4.1.1)
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
3.2.1.2
liquid-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are separated by a liquid lubricant
(3.4.1.2)
3.2.1.3
fluid-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are separated by a fluid lubricant
(gas or liquid)
3.2.1.4
solid-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are separated by a solid lubricant
(3.4.1.6)
3.2.2 Classification according to the mechanism of separation of the interacting surfaces by a
lubricant film
3.2.2.1
hydrodynamic lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are completely separated by
the pressure generated in the fluid film between these surfaces due to their relative motion and the
viscosity (3.5.1) of the fluid
3.2.2.2
hydrostatic lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces, either in relative motion or in a state of rest, are
completely separated by supplying high-pressure fluid between the interacting surfaces from the outside
3.2.2.3
aerodynamic lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are completely separated by the
pressure generated in the gas film between these surfaces due to their relative motion and the viscosity
(3.5.1) of the gas
3.2.2.4
aerostatic lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces, either in relative motion or in a state of rest, are
completely separated by supplying high-pressure gas between the interacting surfaces from the outside
3.2.2.5
elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication
EHL
EHD
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the pressure, the friction force and the lubricant film thickness between
the interacting surfaces in relative motion are governed by the elastic properties of the materials
of contacting bodies, as well as the rheological properties of the lubricant, especially the pressure
dependence of viscosity (3.5.1)
3.2.2.6
hard EHL
elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (3.2.2.5) in which the effect of elastic deformation of interacting
surfaces in relative motion, and the exponential increase in viscosity (3.5.1) of lubricant due to high
pressure, prevail
3.2.2.7
soft EHL
elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (3.2.2.5) in which the interacting surfaces have low elastic modulus
and there is no increase in the viscosity (3.5.1) of the lubricant due to high pressure
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
3.2.2.8
micro EHL
lubrication (3.1.1) in which micro-asperities of the interacting surfaces in relative motion are lubricated
under EHL conditions
3.2.2.9
boundary lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which friction between, and wear of, two surfaces in relative motion are governed
by the properties of the surface and by the properties of the lubricant other than bulk viscosity (3.5.1)
3.2.2.10
mixed-film lubrication
mixed lubrication
partial-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which there is fluid-film lubrication (3.2.1.3) and boundary lubrication (3.2.2.9)
3.2.2.11
thermo-hydrodynamic lubrication
THL
THD
fluid-film lubrication (3.2.1.3) in which the lubricating conditions between two surfaces in relative
motion are governed by the heat balance in the lubricant film, including heat generation due to shear,
the heat transfer and the temperature-dependence of the lubricant viscosity (3.5.1)
3.2.2.12
thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication
TEHL
TEHD
fluid-film lubrication (3.2.1.3) in which the lubricating conditions between two surfaces in relative
motion are governed by the heat balance in the lubricant film, including heat generation due to shear, the
heat transfer, the elastic properties of friction surfaces and the rheological properties of the lubricant,
especially, viscosity’s (3.5.1) dependence on temperature and pressure
3.2.2.13
laminar flow lubrication
lubricating condition in which the molecules of the lubricant fluid move steadily and regularly, forming
smooth streamlines
Note 1 to entry: This condition appears in a flow in which the viscous force prevails over the inertia force, or
where the Reynolds number is relatively small and the Taylor number is less than a critical value.
3.2.2.14
non-laminar flow lubrication
lubricating condition for which the flow is not laminar and which includes transition and turbulent flow
lubrication (3.2.2.16)
3.2.2.15
transition flow lubrication
Taylor flow lubrication
lubricating condition in which the stream lines are not smooth, but the turbulence is not fully developed
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the operating conditions, the Taylor vortexes can occur or not.
3.2.2.16
turbulent flow lubrication
lubricating condition in which the molecules of the lubricant move in an unsteady and irregular manner
in time and space or in a turbulent manner and the Taylor number is greater than a critical value
Note 1 to entry: This condition appears in a flow in which the inertia force prevails over viscous force or where
the Reynolds number is large.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
3.2.2.17
starved lubrication
lubricating condition in which lubricant is insufficiently supplied between surfaces to be lubricated
3.2.2.18
non-lubrication
condition of relative motion without lubrication (3.1.1)
3.2.2.19
oil-free lubrication
lubricating condition in which interacting surfaces in relative motion are not lubricated by oil
3.2.2.20
grease lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which grease (3.4.1.5) is used as lubricant
3.3 Terms related to methods of lubrication and classification
3.3.1 Terms related to classification according to periodicity of application of lubricant
3.3.1.1
continuous lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is continuously supplied to the interacting surfaces
in relative motion
3.3.1.2
periodical lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is periodically supplied to the interacting surfaces in
relative motion
3.3.2 Terms related to classification according to the methods of renewing the lubricant
3.3.2.1
recirculating lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant, having passed the interacting surfaces in relative
motion, is mechanically recirculated to them
3.3.2.2
life-time prelubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is supplied only before the system is put into
operation
3.3.2.3
once-through lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is periodically or continuously supplied to the
interacting surfaces in relative motion, without returning to the lubricating system
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 4378-3:2020
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
3.3.3 Classification according to the method of application of the lubricant to the friction surface
3.3.3.1
force-feed lubrication
method of lubri
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4378-3
Third edition
2017-07
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions,
classification and symbols —
Part 3:
Lubrication
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions, classification et symboles —
Partie 3: Lubrification
Reference number
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 6,
Terms and common items.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4378-3:2009), which has been technically
revised. The following changes have been made:
— editorial revision of the document;
— addition of 12 new figures;
— revision of clause numbers.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 4378 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
Introduction
As there is a large number of multiple designations in the domain of plain bearings, there is a
considerable risk of error in the interpretation of standards and technical literature. This uncertainty
leads to the continuous addition of supplementary designations, which only serves to increase the
misunderstanding.
This document is an attempt to establish a uniform basic system of designations of lubrication.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and
symbols —
Part 3:
Lubrication
1 Scope
This document specifies the most commonly used terms relating to lubrication of plain bearings with
their definitions and classification.
For some terms and word combinations, their short forms are given, which can be used where they are
unambiguous. Self-explanatory terms are given without definitions.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
lubrication
technique to reduce friction force, wear and deterioration of the surfaces of two bodies in contact and
in relative motion due to the action and effect of lubricant
3.1.2
method of lubrication
method of supplying lubricant into the space between two bodies in contact and in relative motion
3.2 Types of lubrication and classification
3.2.1 Classification according to physical state of the lubricant
3.2.1.1
gas-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are separated by a gaseous
lubricant (3.4.1.1)
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
3.2.1.2
liquid-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are separated by a liquid lubricant
(3.4.1.2)
3.2.1.3
fluid-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are separated by a fluid lubricant
(gas or liquid)
3.2.1.4
solid-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are separated by a solid lubricant
(3.4.1.6)
3.2.2 Classification according to the mechanism of separation of the interacting surfaces by a
lubricant film
3.2.2.1
hydrodynamic lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are completely separated by
the pressure generated in the fluid film between these surfaces due to their relative motion and the
viscosity (3.5.1) of the fluid
3.2.2.2
hydrostatic lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces, either in relative motion or in a state of rest, are
completely separated by supplying high-pressure fluid between the interacting surfaces from the outside
3.2.2.3
aerodynamic lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces in relative motion are completely separated by the
pressure generated in the gas film between these surfaces due to their relative motion and the viscosity
(3.5.1) of the gas
3.2.2.4
aerostatic lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the interacting surfaces, either in relative motion or in a state of rest, are
completely separated by supplying high-pressure gas between the interacting surfaces from the outside
3.2.2.5
elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication
EHL
EHD
lubrication (3.1.1) in which the pressure, the friction force and the lubricant film thickness between
the interacting surfaces in relative motion are governed by the elastic properties of the materials
of contacting bodies, as well as the rheological properties of the lubricant, especially the pressure
dependence of viscosity (3.5.1)
3.2.2.6
hard EHL
elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (3.2.2.5) in which the effect of elastic deformation of interacting
surfaces in relative motion, and the exponential increase in viscosity (3.5.1) of lubricant due to high
pressure, prevail
3.2.2.7
soft EHL
elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (3.2.2.5) in which the interacting surfaces have low elastic modulus
and there is no increase in the viscosity (3.5.1) of the lubricant due to high pressure
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
3.2.2.8
micro EHL
lubrication (3.1.1) in which micro-asperities of the interacting surfaces in relative motion are lubricated
under EHL conditions
3.2.2.9
boundary lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which friction between, and wear of, two surfaces in relative motion are governed
by the properties of the surface and by the properties of the lubricant other than bulk viscosity (3.5.1)
3.2.2.10
mixed-film lubrication
mixed lubrication
partial-film lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which there is fluid-film lubrication (3.2.1.3) and boundary lubrication (3.2.2.9)
3.2.2.11
thermo-hydrodynamic lubrication
THL
THD
fluid-film lubrication (3.2.1.3) in which the lubricating conditions between two surfaces in relative
motion are governed by the heat balance in the lubricant film, including heat generation due to shear,
the heat transfer and the temperature-dependence of the lubricant viscosity (3.5.1)
3.2.2.12
thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication
TEHL
TEHD
fluid-film lubrication (3.2.1.3) in which the lubricating conditions between two surfaces in relative
motion are governed by the heat balance in the lubricant film, including heat generation due to shear, the
heat transfer, the elastic properties of friction surfaces and the rheological properties of the lubricant,
especially, viscosity’s (3.5.1) dependence on temperature and pressure
3.2.2.13
laminar flow lubrication
lubricating condition in which the molecules of the lubricant fluid move steadily and regularly, forming
smooth streamlines
Note 1 to entry: This condition appears in a flow in which the viscous force prevails over the inertia force, or
where the Reynolds number is relatively small and the Taylor number is less than a critical value.
3.2.2.14
non-laminar flow lubrication
lubricating condition for which the flow is not laminar and which includes transition and turbulent flow
lubrication (3.2.2.16)
3.2.2.15
transition flow lubrication
Taylor flow lubrication
lubricating condition in which the stream lines are not smooth, but the turbulence is not fully developed
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the operating conditions, the Taylor vortexes can occur or not.
3.2.2.16
turbulent flow lubrication
lubricating condition in which the molecules of the lubricant move in an unsteady and irregular manner
in time and space or in a turbulent manner and the Taylor number is greater than a critical value
Note 1 to entry: This condition appears in a flow in which the inertia force prevails over viscous force or where
the Reynolds number is large.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
3.2.2.17
starved lubrication
lubricating condition in which lubricant is insufficiently supplied between surfaces to be lubricated
3.2.2.18
non-lubrication
condition of relative motion without lubrication (3.1.1)
3.2.2.19
oil-free lubrication
lubricating condition in which interacting surfaces in relative motion are not lubricated by oil
3.2.2.20
grease lubrication
lubrication (3.1.1) in which grease (3.4.1.5) is used as lubricant
3.3 Terms related to methods of lubrication and classification
3.3.1 Terms related to classification according to periodicity of application of lubricant
3.3.1.1
continuous lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is continuously supplied to the interacting surfaces
in relative motion
3.3.1.2
periodical lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is periodically supplied to the interacting surfaces in
relative motion
3.3.2 Terms related to classification according to the methods of renewing the lubricant
3.3.2.1
recirculating lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant, having passed the interacting surfaces in relative
motion, is mechanically recirculated to them
3.3.2.2
life-time prelubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is supplied only before the system is put into
operation
3.3.2.3
once-through lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is periodically or continuously supplied to the
interacting surfaces in relative motion, without returning to the lubricating system
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
3.3.3 Classification according to the method of application of the lubricant to the friction surface
3.3.3.1
force-feed lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is supplied between the interacting surfaces in
relative motion by external force
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
2
3
1
Key
1 force-feed lubricant
2 bearing
3 shaft
Figure 1 — Force-feed lubrication
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 5
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(E)
3.3.3.2
mechanical force-feed lubrication
method of lubrication (3.1.2) in which the lubricant is supplied between the interacting s
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 4378-3
Troisième édition
2017-07
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions,
classification et symboles —
Partie 3:
Lubrification
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and symbols —
Part 3: Lubrication
Numéro de référence
ISO 4378-3:2017(F)
©
ISO 2017
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 4378-3:2017(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2017, Publié en Suisse
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
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ii © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 4378-3:2017(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
3.1 Termes généraux . 1
3.2 Types de lubrification et classification . 1
3.2.1 Classification en fonction de l’état physique du lubrifiant . 1
3.2.2 Classification en fonction du mécanisme de séparation des surfaces de
frottement par un film lubrifiant . 2
3.3 Modes de lubrification et classification . 4
3.3.1 Classification en fonction de la périodicité de la lubrification . 4
3.3.2 Classification en fonction du mode de renouvellement du lubrifiant . 4
3.3.3 Classification en fonction du mode d’application du lubrifiant entre les
surfaces de frottement . 5
3.4 Types de lubrifiants et leurs constituants .14
3.4.1 Type en fonction de l’état physique du lubrifiant .14
3.4.2 Type en fonction de l’additif qu’ils contiennent .15
3.4.3 Type en fonction de l’origine du lubrifiant .15
3.4.4 Type en fonction de l’additif .16
3.4.5 Type en fonction de l’usage du lubrifiant .17
3.5 Caractéristiques fondamentales d’un lubrifiant .18
© ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés iii
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ISO 4378-3:2017(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/ directives).
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion
de l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ fr/ avant -propos .html.
Le comité chargé de l’élaboration du présent document est l’ISO/TC 123, Paliers lisses, sous-comité SC 6,
Termes et sujets communs.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la seconde édition (ISO 4378-3:2009), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique. Les modifications suivantes ont été apportées:
— révision mineure du document;
— ajout de 12 nouvelles figures;
— révision de la numérotation des articles.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 4378 peut être trouvée sur le site web ISO.
iv © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 4378-3:2017(F)
Introduction
Un grand nombre de désignations multiples sont présentés dans le domaine des paliers lisses, ce
qui entraîne un risque considérable d’erreurs lors de l’interprétation des normes et de la littérature
technique. Du fait de cette incertitude, des désignations nouvelles sont constamment ajoutées, ce qui
augmente encore la confusion.
Le présent document est une tentative d’élaboration d’un système de base uniquement de désignation
concernant la lubrification.
© ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés v
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 4378-3:2017(F)
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions, classification et
symboles —
Partie 3:
Lubrification
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie les termes les plus couramment utilisés en matière de lubrification, ainsi
que leur définition et leur classification.
Les formes abrégées données pour certains termes peuvent être employées dans les cas où elles ne
créent aucune ambiguïté possible quant à leur interprétation. Les termes suffisamment explicites par
eux-mêmes ne sont pas définis.
2 Références normatives
Le présent document ne contient aucune référence normative.
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1 Termes généraux
3.1.1
lubrification
technique utilisée pour réduire la force de frottement, l’usure et la détérioration des surfaces de deux
corps en contact et en mouvement relatif grâce à l’action et à l’effet d’un lubrifiant
3.1.2
méthode de lubrification
mode de lubrification
méthode utilisée pour amener un lubrifiant dans l’espace situé entre deux corps en contact et en
mouvement relatif
3.2 Types de lubrification et classification
3.2.1 Classification en fonction de l’état physique du lubrifiant
3.2.1.1
lubrification par gaz
lubrification (3.1.1) où les surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif sont séparées par un lubrifiant
gazeux (3.4.1.1)
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ISO 4378-3:2017(F)
3.2.1.2
lubrification par film liquide
lubrification (3.1.1) où les surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif sont séparées par un lubrifiant
liquide (3.4.1.2)
3.2.1.3
lubrification par film fluide
lubrification (3.1.1) où les surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif sont séparées par un lubrifiant
fluide (gaz ou liquide)
3.2.1.4
lubrification par film solide
lubrification (3.1.1) où les surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif sont séparées par un lubrifiant
solide (3.4.1.6)
3.2.2 Classification en fonction du mécanisme de séparation des surfaces de frottement par un
film lubrifiant
3.2.2.1
lubrification hydrodynamique
lubrification (3.1.1) où une séparation complète des surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif est
obtenue grâce à la pression engendrée dans le film fluide entre ces surfaces par leur mouvement relatif
et par la viscosité (3.5.1) du fluide
3.2.2.2
lubrification hydrostatique
lubrification (3.1.1) où une séparation complète des surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif ou au
repos est obtenue par injection de fluide sous haute pression externe entre les surfaces de frottement
3.2.2.3
lubrification aérodynamique
lubrification (3.1.1) où une séparation complète des surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif est
obtenue grâce à la pression engendrée dans le film gazeux entre ces surfaces par leur mouvement relatif
et par la viscosité (3.5.1) du gaz
3.2.2.4
lubrification aérostatique
lubrification (3.1.1) où une séparation complète des surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif ou au
repos est obtenue par injection de gaz sous haute pression externe entre les surfaces de frottement
3.2.2.5
lubrification élasto-hydrodynamique
EHL
EHD
lubrification (3.1.1) où la pression, la force de frottement et l’épaisseur du film de lubrifiant entre les
surfaces en mouvement relatif sont fonction des propriétés élastiques des matériaux des corps en
contact ainsi que des propriétés rhéologiques du lubrifiant, notamment la dépendance de la viscosité
(3.5.1) vis-à-vis de la pression
3.2.2.6
ELH dure
lubrification élasto-hydrodynamique (3.2.2.5) où prédominent l’effet de déformation élastique des
surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif et l’augmentation exponentielle de la viscosité (3.5.1) du
lubrifiant due à la pression élevée
3.2.2.7
ELH souple
lubrification élasto-hydrodynamique (3.2.2.5) où l’augmentation de la viscosité (3.5.1) du lubrifiant due
à la pression élevée ne se produit pas dans le cas des surfaces de frottement à faible module d’élasticité
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ISO 4378-3:2017(F)
3.2.2.8
micro EHL
lubrification (3.1.1) où les microaspérités des surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif sont
lubrifiées dans une condition de lubrification élasto-hydrodynamique
3.2.2.9
lubrification limite
lubrification (3.1.1) où le frottement entre, et l’usure de, deux surfaces en mouvement relatif sont
fonction des propriétés de la surface et des propriétés du lubrifiant autres que la viscosité (3.5.1)
volumique
3.2.2.10
lubrification mixte
lubrification en régime mixte
lubrification avec film partiel
lubrification (3.1.1) où coexistent lubrification par film liquide (3.2.1.3) et lubrification limite (3.2.2.9)
3.2.2.11
lubrification thermo-hydrodynamique
THL
THD
lubrification par film fluide (3.2.1.3) où la condition de lubrification entre deux surfaces en mouvement
relatif est fonction du bilan thermique dans le film lubrifiant, y compris l’échauffement dû au
cisaillement, le transfert de chaleur et la dépendance de la viscosité (3.5.1) du lubrifiant vis-à-vis de la
température
3.2.2.12
lubrification thermo-élasto-hydrodynamique
TEHL
TEHD
lubrification par film fluide (3.2.1.3) où la condition de lubrification entre deux surfaces en
mouvement relatif est fonction du bilan thermique dans le film lubrifiant, y compris l’échauffement
dû au cisaillement, le transfert de chaleur, les propriétés élastiques des surfaces de frottement et les
propriétés rhéologiques du lubrifiant, notamment la dépendance de la viscosité (3.5.1) vis-à-vis de la
température et de la pression
3.2.2.13
lubrification par écoulement laminaire
condition de lubrification où les molécules du fluide lubrifiant se déplacent de façon régulière, formant
un courant laminaire non perturbé
Note 1 à l’article: Cette condition apparaît dans un écoulement où la force de viscosité prévaut sur la force
d’inertie, ou lorsque le nombre de Reynolds est relativement faible et le nombre de Taylor plus petit que la valeur
critique.
3.2.2.14
lubrification par écoulement non laminaire
condition de lubrification où l’écoulement n’est pas laminaire, et qui comprend la lubrification par
écoulement turbulent et la lubrification par écoulement turbulent (3.2.2.16)
3.2.2.15
lubrification par écoulement de transition
lubrification par écoulement Taylor
condition de lubrification où les lignes d’écoulement ne sont pas lisses et que la turbulence n’est pas
complètement développée
Note 1 à l’article: L’apparition, ou non, de tourbillons de Taylor dépend des conditions de fonctionnement.
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ISO 4378-3:2017(F)
3.2.2.16
lubrification par écoulement turbulent
condition de lubrification où les molécules du lubrifiant se déplacent de manière instable et irrégulière
dans le temps et l’espace ou de manière turbulente et le nombre de Taylor est plus grand qu’une valeur
critique
Note 1 à l’article: Cette condition apparaît dans un écoulement où la force d’inertie prévaut sur la force de
viscosité, ou lorsque le nombre de Reynolds est élevé.
3.2.2.17
lubrification en sous-alimentation
lubrification sous-alimentée
condition de lubrification où la quantité de lubrifiant appliquée entre les surfaces à lubrifier est
insuffisante
3.2.2.18
absence de lubrification
condition de mouvement relatif sans lubrification (3.1.1)
3.2.2.19
lubrification sans huile
condition de lubrification où les surfaces de frottement en mouvement relatif ne sont pas lubrifiées
par huile
3.2.2.20
lubrification à la graisse
lubrification (3.1.1) où de la graisse (3.4.1.5) est utilisée comme lubrifiant
3.3 Modes de lubrification et classification
3.3.1 Classification en fonction de la périodicité de la lubrification
3.3.1.1
lubrification continue
mode de lubrification (3.1.2) où le lubrifiant est appliqué en continu entre les surfaces de frottement en
mouvement relatif
3.3.1.2
lubrification périodique
mode de lubrification (3.1.2) où le lubrifiant est appliqué périodiquement entre les surfaces de frottement
en mouvement relatif
3.3.2 Classification en fonction du mode de renouvellement du lubrifiant
3.3.2.1
lubrification par recirculation
m
...
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