ISO 8124-1:2009

Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties

The requirements in ISO 8124-1:2009 apply to all toys, i.e. any product or material designed or clearly intended for use in play by children under 14 years of age. They are applicable to a toy as it is initially received by the consumer and, in addition, they apply after a toy is subjected to reasonably foreseeable conditions of normal use and abuse unless specifically noted otherwise. The requirements of ISO 8124-1:2009 specify acceptable criteria for structural characteristics of toys, such as shape, size, contour, spacing, as well as acceptable criteria for properties peculiar to certain categories of toy. ISO 8124-1:2009 specifies requirements and test methods for toys intended for use by children in various age groups from birth to 14 years. It also requires that appropriate warnings and/or instructions for use be given on certain toys or their packaging. Due to linguistic problems that may occur in different countries, the wording of these warnings and instructions is not specified but given as general information in Annex B. It should be noted that different legal requirements exist in many countries with regard to such marking. ISO 8124-1:2009 does not purport to cover or include every conceivable potential hazard of a particular toy or toy category. Except for labelling requirements indicating the functional hazards and the age range for which the toy is intended, it has no requirements for those characteristics of toys that represent an inherent and recognized hazard that is integral to the function of the toy

Sécurité des jouets — Partie 1: Aspects de sécurité relatifs aux propriétés mécaniques et physiques

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 10-Mar-2009
• Withdrawal Date: 10-Mar-2009
• ICS: 97.200.50 - Toys
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 181 - Safety of toys
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 181/WG 1 - Mechanical and physical properties
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 24-Sep-2012

Relations

• Revised: ISO 8124-1:2012 - Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
• Effective Date: 23-Jun-2012
• Amended By: ISO 8124-1:2009/Amd 2:2012 - Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties — Amendment 2: Magnets
• Effective Date: 25-Apr-2020
• Amended By: ISO 8124-1:2009/Amd 1:2011 - Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties — Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 09-May-2020
• Revises: ISO 8124-1:2000 - Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
• Effective Date: 20-Jun-2008
• Revises: ISO 8124-1:2000/Amd 2:2007 - Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties — Amendment 2
• Effective Date: 20-Jun-2008
• Revises: ISO 8124-1:2000/Amd 1:2007 - Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties — Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 20-Jun-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8124-1
Second edition
2009-03-15

Safety of toys —
Part 1:
Safety aspects related to mechanical and
physical properties
Sécurité des jouets —
Partie 1: Aspects de sécurité relatifs aux propriétés mécaniques et
physiques




Reference number
ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009

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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 3
4 Requirements . 11
4.1 Normal use . 11
4.2 Reasonably foreseeable abuse . 12
4.3 Material . 12
4.4 Small parts. 12
4.5 Shape, size and strength of certain toys. 13
4.6 Edges . 18
4.7 Points . 19
4.8 Projections . 19
4.9 Metal wires and rods . 20
4.10 Plastic film or plastic bags in packaging and in toys . 20
4.11 Cords and elastics. 21
4.12 Folding mechanisms . 22
4.13 Holes, clearances and accessibility of mechanisms . 24
4.14 Springs. 26
4.15 Stability and overload requirements. 26
4.16 Enclosures. 27
4.17 Simulated protective equipment, such as helmets, hats and goggles . 29
4.18 Projectile toys . 29
4.19 Aquatic toys . 30
4.20 Braking. 31
4.21 Toy bicycles . 31
4.22 Speed limitation of electrically driven ride-on toys . 32
4.23 Toys containing a heat source . 32
4.24 Liquid-filled toys . 33
4.25 Mouth-actuated toys. 33
4.26 Toy roller skates, toy inline skates and toy skateboards. 33
4.27 Percussion caps . 34
4.28 Acoustic requirements. 34
4.29 Toy scooters. 34
5 Test methods. 36
5.1 General. 36
5.2 Small parts test . 37
5.3 Test for shape and size of certain toys . 38
5.4 Small balls test. 38
5.5 Test for pompoms. 39
5.6 Test for pre-school play figures . 39
5.7 Accessibility of a part or component. 39
5.8 Sharp-edge test. 41
5.9 Sharp-point test . 43
5.10 Determination of thickness of plastic film and sheeting. 45
5.11 Test for cords . 45
5.12 Stability and overload tests . 46
5.13 Test for closures and toy chest lids . 48
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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
5.14 Impact test for toys that cover the face . 48
5.15 Kinetic energy of projectiles, bows and arrows . 49
5.16 Free-wheeling facility and brake performance test . 50
5.17 Determination of speed of electrically driven ride-on toys . 51
5.18 Determination of temperature increases .52
5.19 Leakage of liquid-filled toys. 52
5.20 Durability of mouth-actuated toys. 52
5.21 Expanding materials . 52
5.22 Folding or sliding mechanisms . 53
5.23 Washable toys . 54
5.24 Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests . 54
5.25 Determination of sound pressure levels .59
5.26 Static strength for toy scooters. 65
5.27 Dynamic strength for toy scooters. 66
5.28 Brake performance for toy scooters . 68
5.29 Strength of toy scooter steering tubes. 69
5.30 Resistance to separation of handlebar. 70
Annex A (informative) Age-grading guidelines . 72
Annex B (informative) Safety-labelling guidelines and manufacturer's markings . 76
Annex C (informative) Design guidelines for toys attached to cribs or playpens . 83
Annex D (informative) Toy gun marking . 84
Annex E (informative) Rationale. 85
Bibliography . 98

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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 8124-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 181, Safety of toys.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition ISO 8124-1:2000, ISO 8124-1:2000/Amd.1:2007 and
ISO 8124-1:2000/Amd.2:2007.
ISO 8124 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of toys:
⎯ Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
⎯ Part 2: Flammability
⎯ Part 3: Migration of certain elements
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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 8124 is largely based upon existing standards in the European Union (EN 71-1) and in the
United States of America (ASTM F963).
However, it should not be construed that a toy manufactured in compliance with this part of ISO 8124 will be in
full compliance with relevant national toy safety requirements in the market where the product is intended to
be distributed. The user of this part of ISO 8124 is therefore advised to be aware of relevant national
requirements.
Compliance with the requirements of this part of ISO 8124 will minimize potential hazards associated with toys
resulting from their use in their intended play modes (normal use) as well as unintended play modes
(reasonably foreseeable abuse).
This part of ISO 8124 will not, nor is it intended to, eliminate parental responsibility in the appropriate selection
of toys. In addition, this part of ISO 8124 will not eliminate the need for parental supervision in situations
where children of various ages may have access to the same toy(s).
Although Annexes A, B, C, D and E are for information purposes only, they are crucial for the correct
interpretation of this part of ISO 8124.
The safety of electric toys is described in IEC 62115.
When age indications are required for safety labelling purposes, they may be given in either months or years.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8124-1:2009(E)

Safety of toys —
Part 1:
Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
1 Scope
The requirements in this part of ISO 8124 apply to all toys, i.e. any product or material designed or clearly
intended for use in play by children under 14 years of age. They are applicable to a toy as it is initially received
by the consumer and, in addition, they apply after a toy is subjected to reasonably foreseeable conditions of
normal use and abuse unless specifically noted otherwise.
The requirements of this part of ISO 8124 specify acceptable criteria for structural characteristics of toys, such
as shape, size, contour, spacing (e.g. rattles, small parts, sharp points and edges, and hinge-line clearances)
as well as acceptable criteria for properties peculiar to certain categories of toy (e.g. maximum kinetic energy
values for non-resilient-tipped projectiles and minimum tip angles for certain ride-on toys).
This part of ISO 8124 specifies requirements and test methods for toys intended for use by children in various
age groups from birth to 14 years. The requirements vary according to the age group for which a particular toy
is intended. The requirements for a particular age group reflect the nature of the hazards and the expected
mental and/or physical abilities of a child to cope with them.
This part of ISO 8124 also requires that appropriate warnings and/or instructions for use be given on certain
toys or their packaging. Due to linguistic problems which may occur in different countries, the wording of these
warnings and instructions is not specified but given as general information in Annex B. It should be noted that
different legal requirements exist in many countries with regard to such marking.
This part of ISO 8124 does not purport to cover or include every conceivable potential hazard of a particular
toy or toy category. Except for labelling requirements indicating the functional hazards and the age range for
which the toy is intended, this part of ISO 8124 has no requirements for those characteristics of toys which
represent an inherent and recognised hazard which is integral to the function of the toy.
EXAMPLE 1 An example of such a hazard is the sharp point necessary for the proper function of a needle. The needle
is a hazard which is well understood by the purchaser of a toy sewing kit, and the functional sharp-point hazard is
communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process of learning to sew as well as at the point of purchase
by means of cautionary labelling on the product's packaging.
EXAMPLE 2 As a further example, a toy scooter has inherent and recognised hazards associated with its use (e.g.
instability during use, especially whilst learning). The potential hazards associated with its structural characteristics (sharp
edges, pinch hazards, etc.) will be minimized by compliance with the requirements of this part of ISO 8124.
Products not included within the scope of this part of ISO 8124 are:
a) bicycles, except for those considered to be toys, i.e. those having a maximum saddle height of 435 mm
(see Clause E.1);
b) slingshots;
NOTE “Slingshots” are also known as “catapults”.
c) darts with metal points;
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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
d) home and public playground equipment;
e) compressed air- and gas-operated guns and pistols (see Clause E.1);
f) kites (except for the electric resistance of their strings, which is included);
g) model kits, hobby and craft items, in which the finished item is not primarily of play value;
h) sporting goods and equipment, camping goods, athletic equipment, musical instruments and furniture;
however, toys which are their counterparts are included.
It is recognised that there is often a fine distinction between, for example a musical instrument or a
sporting item and its toy counterpart. The intention of the manufacturer or distributor, as well as normal
use and reasonably foreseeable abuse, determines whether the item is a toy counterpart or not;
i) models of aircraft, rockets, boats and land vehicles powered by combustion engines; however, toys which
are their counterparts are included (see Clause E.1);
j) collectible products not intended for children under 14 years of age;
k) holiday decorations that are primarily intended for ornamental purposes;
l) aquatic equipment intended to be used in deep water, swimming-learning devices and flotation aids for
children such as swim-seats and swim-aids;
m) toys installed in public places (e.g. arcades and shopping centres);
n) puzzles having more than 500 pieces or without a picture, for specialists;
o) fireworks including percussion caps, except percussion caps specifically designed for toys;
p) products containing heating elements intended for use under the supervision of an adult in a teaching
context;
q) steam engines;
r) video toys that can be connected to a video screen and operated at a nominal voltage greater than 24 V;
s) babies' pacifiers (dummies);
t) faithful reproduction of firearms;
u) electric ovens, irons or other functional products operated at a nominal voltage greater than 24 V;
v) bows for archery with an overall relaxed length exceeding 120 cm;
w) fashion jewellery for children (see Clause E.1).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore
hardness)
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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
ISO 3746:1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms, definitions
and surface texture parameters
ISO 4593, Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning
ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H,
K, N, T)
ISO 11201, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an essentially free
field over a reflecting plane
ISO 11202, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Survey method in situ
ISO 11204, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Method requiring environmental
corrections
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
IEC 61672-2, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 2: Pattern evaluation tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE The requirements in this part of ISO 8124 are applicable to certain age ranges. For interpretation of these age
ranges, see Clause E.42 (age-break terminology).
3.1
accessible area
〈part or component〉 area of the toy which can be contacted by any portion forward of the collar of the
accessibility probe as described in 5.7
3.2
aquatic toy
article, whether inflatable or not, intended to bear the mass of a child and used as an instrument of play in
shallow water
NOTE Bathroom toys and beach balls are not considered aquatic toys.
3.3
backing
material adhering to flexible plastic sheeting
3.4
ball
spherical, ovoid or ellipsoidal object designed or intended to be thrown, hit, kicked, rolled, dropped or bounced
NOTE 1 This definition includes balls attached to a toy or article by a string, elastic cord or similar tether and also any
multi-sided object formed by connecting planes into, and any novelty item of, a generally spherical, ovoid or ellipsoidal
shape designed or intended to be used as a ball.
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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
NOTE 2 This definition does not include dice, or balls permanently enclosed inside pinball machines, mazes or similar
outer containers. A ball is permanently enclosed if, when tested according to 5.24 (reasonably foreseeable abuse), it is not
removed from the outer container.
3.5
battery-operated toy
toy having at least one function dependent on electricity and powered by batteries
3.6
burr
roughness caused by not cleanly severing or finishing the material
3.7
close-to-the-ear toy
toy that is intended to be used close to the ear, i.e. the sound-emitting part of such a toy is normally put
against the ear of a child
EXAMPLES Toy cellphones or toy telephones that emit sounds from the handpiece.
3.8
collapse
sudden or unexpected folding of a structure
3.9
continuous sound
any steady-state sound or group of variable sounds greater than one second in duration
3.10
cord
length of slender, flexible material
EXAMPLE Monofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, plastic textile tapes, ribbon and those fibrous materials
known as string.
NOTE Doll hair is not considered a cord.
3.11
crushing
injury to part of the body resulting from compression between two rigid surfaces
3.12
C-weighted peak sound pressure level
L
pCpeak
peak sound pressure level obtained when using standardized C-weighting
3.13
discharge mechanism
inanimate system for releasing and propelling a projectile
3.14
driving mechanism
assembly of linked parts or components (e.g. gears, belts and winding mechanisms), at least one of which
moves, powered by a source (e.g. electrical or mechanical means) independent of a child
3.15
edge
line, formed at the junction of two surfaces, whose length exceeds 2,0 mm
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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
3.15.1
curled edge
edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle of less than
90° with the base sheet
NOTE See Figure 1.
3.15.2
hemmed edge
edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is folded back on the sheet itself through an angle
of approximately 180°, so that the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is approximately parallel to the
main sheet
NOTE See Figure 1.
3.15.3
rolled edge
edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle between
90° and 120° with the main sheet
NOTE See Figure 1.
Dimensions in millimetres

a)  Rolled edge b)  Hemmed (folded) edge

c)  Curled edge d)  Typical lap joint
a
No limit.
Figure 1 — Edges
3.16
equivalent sound pressure level
L
pAeq
level of a steady-state sound which, in a stated time period and at a stated location, has the same A-weighted
sound energy as the time-varying sound
3.17
expanding material
material whose volume expands when exposed to water
3.18
explosive action
sudden release of energy characterized by the rapid expansion or bursting of a material
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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
3.19
fastener
mechanical device which attaches two or more elements together
EXAMPLE Screws, rivets and staples.
3.20
feathering
bevelling of an edge (or decrease in thickness moving toward the edge) caused during shearing or cutting of
material
3.21
flash
excess material that escapes between the mating parts of a mould assembly
3.22
folding mechanism
hinged, pivoted, folding or sliding assembly which could crush, scissor, pinch or shear during operation
EXAMPLE Toy ironing boards, toy pushchairs.
3.23
functional toy
toy which performs and is used in the same way as, and is often a scale model of, a certain product, appliance
or installation intended for adults
EXAMPLE Stove with heating properties.
3.24
fuzz
bits of fibrous-type material which can be readily removed from toys with a pile surface
3.25
glass
hard, brittle, amorphous substance produced by fusion, usually consisting of mutually dissolved silica and
silicates which also contain soda and lime
3.26
hand-held toy
toy that is intended to be used or operated while being held in the hand
EXAMPLE Toy tools, small electronic games, stuffed animals, dolls, musical toys and cap-firing toys.
3.27
harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people or damage to property or the environment
3.28
hazard
potential source of harm
NOTE The term hazard can be qualified in order to define its origin or the nature of the expected harm (i.e. electric
shock hazard, crushing hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard or drowning hazard).
3.29
hazardous projection
projection that, because of its material or configuration or both, may present a puncture hazard should a child
step on or fall onto it
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ISO 8124-1:2009(E)
NOTE 1 Excluded from this definition are puncture hazards to the eyes and/or mouth, because of the impossibility of
eliminating puncture hazards to those areas of the body by product design.
NOTE 2 If the projection is on a small toy which topples over when pressure is applied to the end of the projection, it is
unlikely to present a hazard.
3.30
h
...