ISO/TS 15827:2007
(Main)Road vehicles — Test procedures — Evaluating small female dummy arm and forearm interactions with driver frontal airbags and side airbags
Road vehicles — Test procedures — Evaluating small female dummy arm and forearm interactions with driver frontal airbags and side airbags
ISO/TS 15827:2007 describes test procedures for evaluating the effects of the interactions between driver frontal airbags or side airbags (excluding curtains) and small female arms. It recommends dummies, procedures, instrumentation and test configurations that can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between a deploying airbag and a vehicle occupant. Driver frontal airbags deploy from the steering wheel and side airbags can deploy from the door, side trim panel, armrest, seat back or seat cushion. Occupants can range in size from young children to very large adults. However, the small adult female is considered to be the most at risk of arm injury from airbags. Therefore, this test procedure only addresses the small adult female occupant. Recommended measurements are summarized. ISO/TS 15827:2007 encourages the use of a wide range of test configurations and conditions, while recognizing that the range of possible airbag interactions is essentially limitless and beyond testing capability.
Véhicules routiers — Méthodes d'essai — Évaluation des interactions du bras et de l'avant-bras du mannequin femme de petite taille avec les sacs gonflables conducteur frontal et latéral
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 15827
First edition
2007-02-01
Road vehicles — Test procedures —
Evaluating small female dummy arm and
forearm interactions with driver frontal
airbags and side airbags
Véhicules routiers — Méthodes d'essai — Évaluation des interactions
du bras et de l'avant-bras du mannequin femme de petite taille avec les
sacs gonflables conducteur frontal et latéral
Reference number
ISO/TS 15827:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
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ISO/TS 15827:2007(E)
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ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TS 15827:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Test devices . 2
4.1 Hybrid III small female dummy. 2
4.2 SID-IIs small adult/adolescent side impact dummy . 2
4.3 SAE small female instrumented arm and the enhanced airbag interaction arm . 3
5 Instrumentation. 3
5.1 Hybrid III small female dummy. 3
5.2 SID-IIs small adult/adolescent side impact dummy . 3
5.3 SAE small female instrumented arm . 3
5.4 Impact response measurements. 3
5.5 Dummy injury criteria. 3
6 Condition of the test vehicle. 5
6.1 General conditions . 5
6.2 Seat adjustment . 6
6.3 Steering wheel adjustment . 6
6.4 Pedal adjustment . 6
6.5 Dummy test temperature . 6
6.6 Electrical grounding . 6
7 Test configurations. 6
7.1 Driver frontal airbag tests . 6
7.2 Side airbag static deployment tests . 8
8 Test procedure . 9
Bibliography . 10
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ISO/TS 15827:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 15827 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 10,
Impact test procedures.
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ISO/TS 15827:2007(E)
Introduction
Driver frontal airbags and side airbags are inflatable devices intended to help reduce the risk of injury to the
head and/or the chest and/or the pelvis of vehicle occupants. During its inflation process an airbag generates
a considerable amount of energy and, as a result, substantial forces can be developed between the deploying
airbag and the nearby occupant. Preliminary laboratory tests indicate that these forces can potentially, in
certain circumstances, be sufficient to injure the vehicle occupant. A considerable but unknown portion of the
occupant population does not drive/ride in exactly the vehicle design position, but rather leans/rests in various
ways against the steering wheel, armrest, door or vehicle side interior, where airbag reaction forces can be
particularly high. Through normal occupant preferences or during turning manoeuvres, the hand/forearm can
be in various locations on/across the steering wheel rim, and thus interact with a deploying driver frontal
airbag. These test procedures were developed to improve the understanding of such interactions and to help
aid in the assessment of future airbag designs.
References [2], [4], [5], [8], [9], [12], [13] and [18] in the bibliography give some background on human impact
tolerance and criteria, while references [15] and [17] describe scaling techniques for different size occupants
and offer interpretations of dummy responses relative to human injury potential that might be helpful in the
evaluation. References [1], [3], [7], [10], [11], [14], [16] and [19-22] describe the dummies used, and
references [6] and [23] describe the filtering techniques used, in this test procedure.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 15827:2007(E)
Road vehicles — Test procedures — Evaluating small female
dummy arm and forearm interactions with driver frontal airbags
and side airbags
1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes test procedures for evaluating the effects of the interactions between
driver frontal airbags or side airbags (excluding curtains) and small female arms.
This Technical Specification recommends dummies, procedures, instrumentation and test configurations that
can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between a deploying airbag and a vehicle occupant.
Driver frontal airbags deploy from the steering wheel and side airbags can deploy from the door, side trim
panel, armrest, seat back or seat cushion. Occupants can range in size from young children to very large
adults. However, the small adult female is considered to be the most at risk of arm injury from airbags.
Therefore, this test procedure only addresses the small adult female occupant.
Recommended measurements are summarized in Clause 5. This Technical Specification encourages the use
of a wide range of test configurations and conditions, while recognizing that the range of possible airbag
interactions is essentially limitless and beyond testing capability.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6487, Road vehicles — Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation
ISO 7862, Road vehicles — Sled test procedure for the evaluation of restraint systems by simulation of frontal
collisions
ISO TR 12349-1, Road vehicles — Dummies for restraint system testing — Part 1: Adult dummies
SAE J211, Instrumentation for impact test — Part 1: Electronic instrumentation
SAE J1733, Sign convention for vehicle crash testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
driver frontal airbag
airbag attached to the steering wheel designed primarily to help reduce occupant injury potential where the
significant collision force vector is longitudinal and from the front of the vehicle
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ISO/TS 15827:2007(E)
3.2
side airbag
SAB
seat or door-mounted airbag (excluding curtains) designed primarily to help reduce occupant injury potential
where the significant collision force vector is lateral
3.3
SAE small female instrumented arm
fully instrumented arm developed to measure the impact response of the small female arm interacting with a
deploying airbag(s)
NOTE See references [16] and [21] in the bibliography.
3.3.1
upper arm
portion of the dummy's arm between the elbow and the shoulder
3.3.2
forearm
portion of the dummy's arm from the elbow to the wrist, including the hand
3.4
enhanced airbag interaction arm
modified version of the SAE small female instrumented arm with additional measurement capabilities
NOTE See reference [3] in the bibliography.
3.5
midsagittal plane
imaginary vertical plane that separates the dummy into equal left and right halves
3.6
coronal plane
imaginary vertical plane that separates the dummy into front and back halves
4 Test devices
The Hybrid III small female dummy shall be used for driver frontal airbag interactions. It is briefly described in
4.1. The SID-IIs dummy shall be used for side airbag interactions. It is briefly described in 4.2. These
dummies will be instrumented with one of the two optional small female instrumented arms described in 4.3.
4.1 Hybrid III small female dummy
The Hybrid III small female dummy [16, 20] is representative of the fifth percentile adult female, designed to
evaluate injury potential to the head, neck, shoulder, arm, chest, abdomen, lumbar spine, pelvis, thighs and
legs. For these tests, the Hybrid III small female dummy will be instrumented with the SAE small female
instrumented arm or the enhanced airbag interaction arm on the outboard side of the dummy.
4.2 SID-IIs small adult/adolescent side impact dummy
The SID-IIs is representative of the fifth percentile adult female and also approximates the height and weight
of a 12–13-year-old adolescent child. It is a generic dummy designed to indicate injury potential to the head,
neck, shoulder, arm, chest, abdomen, lumbar spine, pelvis, thighs and legs [1, 7, 14]. For these tests, the
SID-IIs will be instrumented with the SAE small female instrumented arm or the enhanced airbag interaction
arm on the outboard side of the dummy.
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ISO/TS 15827:2007(E)
4.3 SAE small female instrumented arm and the enhanced airbag interaction arm
The SAE small female instrumented arm [16, 21] and the enhanced airbag interaction arm [3] can be used to
indicate injury potential to the upper arm, forearm, elbow and wrist. They were specifically designed to help
evaluate the injury potential of driver frontal airbags and side airbags while being used with the Hybrid III small
female or SID-IIs dummies, respectively.
5 Instrumentation
Measurements applicable to driver frontal airbag testing and to SAB testing can be made using the
anthropomorphic test devices listed in 4.1 and 4.2, respectively. Both driver frontal airbag testing and side
airbag testing will include the use of one of the two interchangeable small female instrumented arms listed in
3.3, 3.4 and 4.3. All measurements should be recorded and filtered according to the latest version of ISO 6487
and SAE J211, Part 1. These measurements should be continuous functions of time, so that other quantities
referred to in the references can be derived.
As an option, the airbag deployment and dummy interactions may be monitored by high-speed cameras (or
equivalent video equipment) operating at a minimum speed of 1 000 frames per second.
5.1 Hybrid III small female dummy
See ISO/TR 12349-1 and references [16] and [20] in the bibliography.
5.2 SID-IIs small adult/adolescent side impact dummy
See ISO/TR 12349-1 and references [1], [7] and [14] in the bibliography.
5.3 SAE small female instrumented arm
A recommendation for which arm to use is being developed by ISO/TC 22/SC 12/WG 5. Until such a
recommendation becomes available the reader is referred to SAE Engineering Aid 36, which describes the
SAE instrumented arm, and to ISO/TC 22/SC 12/WG 5/N622 and reference [17] in the bibliography, which
describe the enhanced airbag interaction arm. These arms are available for the SID-IIs and the Hybrid III
small female dummies.
5.4 Impact response measurements
5.4.1 Dummy instrumentation measurements
Data acquisition shall be in accordance with ISO 6487. Obtain the dat
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