ISO 23949:2023
(Main)Plastics — Application of spread of flame test to plastic pipes
Plastics — Application of spread of flame test to plastic pipes
This document specifies test methods for assessing the flame spread of plastic pipes including fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes. This document is applicable to plastic pipes including FRP pipes for use in ships, air crafts and vehicles.
Plastiques — Application de l’essai de propagation de flamme aux canalisations plastiques
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23949
First edition
2023-04
Plastics — Application of spread of
flame test to plastic pipes
Plastiques — Application de l’essai de propagation de flamme aux
canalisations plastiques
Reference number
ISO 23949:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test apparatus .1
6 Test specimen . 2
6.1 General . 2
6.2 Number of test specimens . 2
6.3 Thickness of the test specimen . 2
6.4 Rigid pipes . 2
6.5 Flexible pipes . 4
7 Conditioning of specimens . 4
8 Test procedures . 4
8.1 General . 4
8.2 Additional test procedures for pipes . 4
9 Calculation of the test results . 5
10 Precision of the test .5
11 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Example of the test results on plastic pipes . 7
Bibliography .10
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning
behaviour.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Introduction
Plastic pipes and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes exhibit corrosion resistance against water
including sea water and liquid chemicals. These pipes have been used on ships in various applications,
such as piping supplying fresh water, sanitary and drain piping, sea-water piping and liquid cargo
piping.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted guidelines on use of plastic pipes (see
Reference [1]). These guidelines contain requirements on the fire performance of plastic pipes and of
FRP pipes to be used on-board ships. These guidelines also contain brief explanation of test procedures
applicable to flame spread for plastics pipes and FRP pipes. However, the details provided regarding
these fire tests are very short and are insufficient to conduct these tests in a uniform manner.
This document was developed based on the IMO Guidelines, ISO 5658-2:2006, Annex E and the NATO
[2]
Reaction-to-fire tests for materials surface spread of flame (see AFAP – 4 Edition 3 ). It provides
detailed descriptions of the test methods for assessing the flame spread of plastic pipes and FRP pipes.
This document is applicable, on a voluntary basis, to plastic pipes and to FRP pipes for use in ships, air
crafts, vehicles, building and land-based structures.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23949:2023(E)
Plastics — Application of spread of flame test to plastic
pipes
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for assessing the flame spread of plastic pipes including fiberglass
reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes. This document is applicable to plastic pipes including FRP pipes for use
in ships, air crafts and vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5658-2:2006, Reaction to fire tests — Spread of flame — Part 2: Lateral spread on building and
transport products in vertical configuration
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5658-2, ISO 13943 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
The test procedure in this document uses the test method given in ISO 5658-2 to evaluate the surface
spread of flame characteristics of test specimens. Additional test protocols and procedures for testing
plastic pipes are also specified in this document.
The test specimen is constructed in such a way that plastic pipes are cut to a length of 800 mm. The
length of cut pipes are further cut laterally. The cut pipe sections are placed side by side on a non-
combustible backing board, with dimensions of 155 mm wide and 800 mm long. The test specimens are
secured by means of narrow metal wires. The test specimen is exposed to a graded radiant heat flux
field, as specified in ISO 5658-2.
Data on critical heat flux at extinguishment and average heat for sustained burning are derived from
observations of time to ignition, lateral spread and extinguishment of flame along the surface of the
test specimen which is exposed such that the surface is vertical and the longer edge in horizontal.
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23949
First edition
Plastics — Application of spread of
flame test to plastic pipes
Plastiques — Application de l’essai de propagation de flamme aux
canalisations plastiques
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 23949:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test apparatus .1
6 Test specimen . 2
6.1 General . 2
6.2 Number of test specimens . 2
6.3 Thickness of the test specimen . 2
6.4 Rigid pipes . 2
6.5 Flexible pipes . 4
7 Conditioning of specimens . 4
8 Test procedures . 4
8.1 General . 4
8.2 Additional test procedures for pipes . 4
9 Calculation of the test results . 5
10 Precision of the test .5
11 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Example of the test results on plastic pipes . 7
Bibliography .10
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning
behaviour.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Introduction
Plastic pipes and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes exhibit corrosion resistance against water
including sea water and liquid chemicals. These pipes have been used on ships in various applications,
such as piping supplying fresh water, sanitary and drain piping, sea-water piping and liquid cargo
piping.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted guidelines on use of plastic pipes (see
Reference [1]). These guidelines contain requirements on the fire performance of plastic pipes and of
FRP pipes to be used on-board ships. These guidelines also contain brief explanation of test procedures
applicable to flame spread for plastics pipes and FRP pipes. However, the details provided regarding
these fire tests are very short and are insufficient to conduct these tests in a uniform manner.
This document was developed based on the IMO Guidelines, ISO 5658-2:2006, Annex E and the NATO
[2]
Reaction-to-fire tests for materials surface spread of flame (see AFAP – 4 Edition 3 ). It provides
detailed descriptions of the test methods for assessing the flame spread of plastic pipes and FRP pipes.
This document is applicable, on a voluntary basis, to plastic pipes and to FRP pipes for use in ships, air
crafts, vehicles, building and land-based structures.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23949:2023(E)
Plastics — Application of spread of flame test to plastic
pipes
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for assessing the flame spread of plastic pipes including fiberglass
reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes. This document is applicable to plastic pipes including FRP pipes for use
in ships, air crafts and vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5658-2:2006, Reaction to fire tests — Spread of flame — Part 2: Lateral spread on building and
transport products in vertical configuration
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5658-2, ISO 13943 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
The test procedure in this document uses the test method given in ISO 5658-2 to evaluate the surface
spread of flame characteristics of test specimens. Additional test protocols and procedures for testing
plastic pipes are also specified in this document.
The test specimen is constructed in such a way that plastic pipes are cut to a length of 800 mm. The
length of cut pipes are further cut laterally. The cut pipe sections are placed side by side on a non-
combustible backing board, with dimensions of 155 mm wide and 800 mm long. The test specimens are
secured by means of narrow metal wires. The test specimen is exposed to a graded radiant heat flux
field, as specified in ISO 5658-2.
Data on critical heat flux at extinguishment and average heat for sustained burning are derived from
observations of time to ignition, lateral spread and extinguishment of flame along the surface of the
test specimen which is exposed such that the surface is vertical and the longer edge in horizontal.
5 Test apparatus
The test apparatus described in ISO 5658-2 shall be used. The test apparatus shall be adjusted,
calibrated and controlled in accordance with ISO 5658-2.
...
ISO/DIS 23949:2023(E)
ISO/TC 61/SC 4
Secretariat: BSI
Date: 2023-01-1602-21
Secretariat: BSI
Plastics — Application of spread of flame test to plastic pipes
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of
this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’sISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright officeCopyright Office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction. v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test apparatus . 1
6 Test specimen . 2
7 Conditioning of specimens . 4
8 Test procedures . 4
9 Calculation of the test results . 5
10 Precision of the test . 5
11 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Example of the test results on plastic pipes . 7
Bibliography . 11
Foreword . v
Introduction. vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test apparatus . 2
6 Test specimen . 2
6.1 General . 2
6.2 Number of test specimens . 2
6.3 Thickness of the test specimen. 2
6.4 Rigid pipes . 2
6.5 Flexible pipes . 5
7 Conditioning of specimens . 6
8 Test procedures . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Additional test procedures for pipes . 6
9 Calculation of the test results . 6
10 Precision of the test . 6
11 Test report . 6
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Annex A (informative) Example of the test results on plastic pipes . 8
Bibliography . 13
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patentswww.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning
behaviour.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 23949:2023(E)
Introduction
Plastic pipes and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes exhibit corrosion resistance against water
including sea water and liquid chemicals. These pipes have been used on ships in various applications,
such as piping supplying fresh water, sanitary and drain piping, sea-water piping and liquid cargo piping.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted guidelines on use of plastic pipes (IMO Assembly
[1]
resolution A.753(18) as amended ).see Reference [1]). These guidelines contain requirements on the
fire performance of plastic pipes and of FRP pipes to be used on-board ships. These guidelines also
contain brief explanation of test procedures applicable to flame spread for plastics pipes and FRP pipes.
However, the details provided regarding these fire tests are very short and are insufficient to conduct
these tests in a uniform manner.
This document was developed based on the IMO Guidelines, ISO 5658-2:2006, Annex E and the NATO
[2]
Reaction-to-fire tests for materials surface spread of flame (see AFAP – 4 Edition 3 ) July 2010). This
]
document ). It provides detailed descriptions of the test methods for assessing the flame spread of plastic
pipes and FRP pipes.
This document is applicable, on a voluntary basis, to plastic pipes and to FRP pipes for use in ships, air
crafts, vehicles, building, and land-based structures.
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23949:2023(E)
Plastics — Application of spread of flame test to plastic pipes
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for assessing the flame spread of plastic pipes including fiberglass
reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes. This document is applicable to plastic pipes including FRP pipes for use in
ships, air crafts and vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5658-2:2006, Reaction to fire tests — Spread of flame — Part 2: Lateral spread on building and
transport products in vertical configuration
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5658-2 and, ISO 13943 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
The test procedure in this document uses the test method given in ISO 5658-2 to evaluate the surface
spread of flame characteristics of test specimens. Additional test protocols and procedures for testing
plastic pipes are also specified in this document.
The test specimen is constructed in such a way that plastic pipes are cut to a length of 800 mm. The length
of cut pipes are further cut laterally. The cut pipe sections are
...
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