ISO/TS 6084:2022
(Main)Steel and steel products — Vocabulary relating to chemical analysis
Steel and steel products — Vocabulary relating to chemical analysis
This document defines terms relating to methods of the determination of the chemical composition of steel and steel products.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 6084
First edition
2022-06
Steel and steel products — Vocabulary
relating to chemical analysis
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General terms related to steel and cast iron . 1
3.2 General terms related to preparation of steel and cast iron . 3
3.3 General terms related to sample and sampling. 4
3.4 General terms related to analytical standards . 7
3.5 Definitions of the analysis methods and analytical instrument . 11
3.6 Definitions relating to characteristics and properties of the equipment . 18
3.7 Definitions relating to interference . 24
3.8 Characteristics of methods.29
Bibliography .42
Index .45
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 1, Methods of
determination of chemical composition.
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iv
Introduction
To ensure that communication in a particular domain is effective and that difficulties in understanding
are minimized, it is essential that the various participants use the same concepts and concept
representations. Unambiguous communication related to analytical chemistry concepts is crucial given
the implications that can arise from misunderstandings with regard to equipment.
Different levels of scientific and technical knowledge can lead to widely divergent understandings and
assumptions about concepts. The result is poor communication that can lead into an increase of the risk
of accidents and duplication of efforts as different define concepts according to their perspectives.
Conceptual arrangement of terms and definitions is based on concepts systems that show corresponding
relationships analytical chemistry concepts. Such arrangement provides users with a structured view
of the analytical methods and will facilitate common understanding of all related concepts. Besides,
concepts systems and conceptual arrangement of terminological data will be helpful to any kind of user
because it will promote clear, accurate and useful communication.
v
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 6084:2022(E)
Steel and steel products — Vocabulary relating to chemical
analysis
1 Scope
This document defines terms relating to methods of the determination of the chemical composition of
steel and steel products.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 General terms related to steel and cast iron
3.1.1
alloy steel
steel (3.1.17), other than a stainless steel, that conforms to a specification that requires one or more of
the following elements, by mass percent, to have a minimum content equal to or greater than: 0,30 for
aluminum; 0,000 8 for boron; 0,30 for chromium; 0,30 for cobalt; 0,40 for copper; 0,40 for lead; 1,65 for
manganese; 0,08 for molybdenum; 0,30 for nickel; 0,06 for niobium (columbium); 0,60 for silicon; 0,05
for titanium; 0,30 for tungsten (wolfram); 0,10 for vanadium; 0,05 for zirconium; or 0,10 for any other
alloying element, except sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen
[SOURCE: ASTM A941: 2018]
3.1.2
austenitic steel
steel (3.1.17) where the structure consists of austenite (3.1.3) at ambient temperature
Note 1 to entry: Cast austenitic steels can contain up to about 20 % of ferrite (3.1.8).
3.1.3
austenite
solid solution of one or more elements in gamma iron (3.1.19)
3.1.4
boriding
thermochemical treatment of a workpiece to enrich the surface of a workpiece with boron
Note 1 to entry: The medium in which boriding takes place should be specified, e.g. pack boriding, paste boriding,
etc.
3.1.5
cast/heat analysis
chemical analysis determined by the steel producer as being representative of a specific heat of steel
(3.1.17)
Note 1 to entry: Where the analysis reported by the steel producer is not sufficiently complete for conformance
with the heat analysis (3.1.5) requirements of the applicable product specification to be fully assessed, the
manufacturer can complete the assessment of conformance with such heat analysis (3.1.5) requirements by using
a product analysis (3.1.16) for the specified elements that were not reported by the steel producer, provided that
product analysis (3.1.16) tolerances are not applied and the heat analysis (3.1.5) is not altered
[SOURCE: ASTM A941: 2018]
3.1.6
cast iron
alloy of iron, carbon and silicon where the carbon content is approximately more than 2 %
3.1.7
ductile iron
nodular cast iron
cast iron (3.1.6) that has been treated while molten with an element (usually magnesium or cerium)
that spheroidizes the graphite
[SOURCE: ISO 15156-2:2020, 3.5.4]
3.1.8
ferrite
body-centred cubic lattice structure of iron or steel (3.1.17)
3.1.9
forged steel
steel (3.1.17) product obtained by forging and that does not undergo subsequent hot conversion
Note 1 to entry: These products are mainly in the form of circles or squares.
3.1.10
grey cast iron
cast material, mainly iron and carbon based, carbon being present mainly in the form of flake (lamellar)
graphite particles
Note 1 to entry: Grey cast iron is also known as flake graphite cast iron, and less commonly as lamellar graphite
cast iron.
Note 2 to entry: Graphite form, distribution and size are specified in ISO 945-1.
[SOURCE: EN 1561:2011, 3.1]
3.1.11
killed steel
steel (3.1.17) deoxidized to such a level that essentially no reaction occurred between carbon and
oxygen during solidification
[SOURCE: ASTM A941: 2018]
3.1.12
malleable iron
white cast iron (3.1.18) that is thermally treated to convert most or all of the cementite to graphite
(temper carbon)
[SOURCE: ISO 15156-2:2020, 3.5.3]
3.1.13
martensite
(phase) formed in carbon containing steels (3.1.17) by the cooling of austenite (3.1.3) at such a high rate
that carbon atoms do not have time to diffuse out of the crystal structure in large enough quantities to
form cementite (Fe C)
3.1.14
nitriding
case-hardening process in which nitrogen is introduced into the surface of metallic materials (most
commonly ferrous alloys)
EXAMPLE Liquid nitriding, gas nitriding, ion nitriding and plasma (3.6.32) nitriding.
[SOURCE: ISO 15156-2:2020, 3.11]
3.1.15
non-alloyed steel
steel in which the percentage of each element is less than specific limiting values specified
Note 1 to entry: See Table in ISO 4948-1:1982, 3.1.2.
3.1.16
product analysis
chemical analysis carried out on a sample of the product taken after the final hot rolling operation
3.1.17
steel
ferrous material the principal element of which is iron and the carbon content of which is not more than
2 % of mass
Note 1 to entry: The presence of large quantities of carbide-forming elements can modify the upper limit of the
carbon content.
Note 2 to entry: The nomenclature for unalloyed steels suitable for heat treatment and for alloyed steels is given
in ISO 4948-1 and ISO 4948-2.
Note 3 to entry: Small amount of alloying elements added to non-alloy steels can cause the product to be defined
as a micro-alloy steel.
3.1.18
white cast iron
cast iron (3.1.6) that displays a white fracture surface due to the presence of cementite
[SOURCE: ISO 15156-2:2020, 3.5.2]
3.1.19
gamma iron
pure iron with face-centred cubic lattice structure
3.2 General terms related to preparation of steel and cast iron
3.2.1
grinding
method of preparing a sample of metal for a physical method of analysis in which the surface of the test
sample (3.3.15) is abraded using an abrasive wheel
3.2.2
linishing
method of preparing a sample of metal for a physical method of analysis in which the surface of the
test sample (3.3.15) is abraded using a flexible rotating disc or continuous belt coated with an abrasive
substance
3.2.3
milling
method of preparing sample chips or the surface of a sample for a physical method of analysis in which
the surface of the sample is machined using a rotating, multi-edged cutting tool
3.3 General terms related to sample and sampling
3.3.1
aliquot
known amount of a homogeneous material, assumed to be taken with negligible sampling error
Note 1 to entry: The term "aliquot" is usually applied to fluids.
Note 2 to entry: The term "aliquot" is usually used when the fractional part is an exact divisor of the whole; the
term "aliquant" has been used when the fractional part is not exact divisor of the whole (e.g. a 15 ml portion is an
aliquant of 100 ml).
Note 3 to entry: When a laboratory sample (3.3.7) or a test sample (3.3.15) is "aliquoted" or otherwise subdivided,
the portions have been called split samples.
3.3.2
analyte
component of a system to be analysed
[SOURCE: PAC, 1989, 61, 1657 (Nomenclature for automated and mechanised analysis (Recommendations
1989))]
3.3.3
analytical sample
sample prepared from the laboratory sample (3.3.7) and from which analytical portions can be taken
Note 1 to entry: The analytical sample can be subjected to various treatments before an analytical portion is
t
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