ISO/TC 220 - Cryogenic vessels

This document defines practical methods for determining the heat-leak performance of cryogenic vessels. The methods include measurement on both open and closed systems. This document neither specifies the requirement levels for insulation performance nor when the defined methods are applied.

This document specifies requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection and testing of large transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels of more than 450 l volume, which are permanently (fixed tanks) or not permanently (demountable tanks and portable tanks) attached to a means of transport, for one or more modes of transport. This document applies to large transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels for fluids specified in 3.1 and does not apply to vessels designed for toxic fluids. This document does not include the general vehicle requirements, e.g. running gear, brakes, lighting, etc. NOTE 1 This document does not cover specific requirements for refillable liquid-hydrogen tanks that are primarily dedicated as fuel tanks in vehicles. For fuel tanks used in land vehicles, see ISO 13985. NOTE 2 This document does not cover specific requirements for refillable liquid hydrogen and LNG tanks that are primarily dedicated as fuel tanks in vehicles. For fuel tanks used in vehicles, see ISO 13985.

ISO 21028-2:2018 specifies the toughness requirements of metallic materials for use at temperatures between −20 °C and −80 °C to ensure their suitability for cryogenic vessels. This document is applicable to fine-grain and low-alloyed steels with specified yield strength ≤460 N/mm2, aluminium and aluminium alloys, copper and copper alloys and austenitic stainless steels. NOTE For steel materials listed in EN 13445‑2 or EN 13480‑2 or for steel materials and weldings complying with the same fundamental safety requirements, the requirements for prevention of brittle fracture at low temperatures according to EN 13445‑2:2014, Annex B, method 2, or EN 13480‑2:2012, Annex B, method 2 can be applied.

ISO 21012:2018 specifies design, construction, type and production testing, and marking requirements for non-insulated cryogenic flexible hoses used for the transfer of cryogenic fluids within the following range of operating conditions: - working temperature: from −270 °C to +65 °C; - nominal size (DN): from 10 to 100. End fittings for mounting of any couplings are within the scope of this document, but the couplings are subject to other standards. ISO 21012:2018 is intended that the hose be designed and tested to satisfy the generally accepted rated pressure i.e. at least PR 40. Hoses may be then selected with a PR equal to or greater than the maximum allowable pressure (PS) of the equipment to which it is to be used.

ISO 21029-1:2018 specifies requirements for the design, fabrication, type test and initial inspection and test of transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessels of not more than 1 000 l volume. This document applies to transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels for fluids as specified in 3.1 and Table 1 and does not apply to such vessels designed for toxic fluids. NOTE 1 This document does not cover specific requirements for refillable liquid hydrogen and LNG tanks that are primarily dedicated as fuel tanks in vehicles. For fuel tanks used in land and marine vehicles, see ISO 13985. NOTE 2 Specific requirements for open top dewards are not covered by this document.

ISO 21010:2017 specifies gas/material compatibility requirements (such as chemical resistance) for cryogenic vessels, but it does not cover mechanical properties (e.g. for low-temperature applications). ISO 21010:2017 provides general guidance for compatibility with gases and detailed compatibility requirements for oxygen and oxygen-enriched atmospheres. This document also defines the testing methods for establishing oxygen compatibility of materials (metallic and non-metallic) to be used for cryogenic vessels and associated equipment. ISO 21010:2017 focuses on materials that are normally with or could be in contact with cryogenic fluids.

ISO 23208:2017 specifies the minimum requirements for the cleanliness of all surfaces of cryogenic vessels and associated accessories that are in contact with the cryogenic fluid at any expected operating conditions. ISO 23208:2017 defines the acceptable level of surface and particle contamination to minimize the risk of malfunction of equipment and ensure safety against ignition when in contact with oxygen or oxidizing fluids (see ISO 10156).

ISO 20421-2:2017 specifies operational requirements for large transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels. These operational requirements include putting into service, filling, withdrawal, transport within the location, storage, maintenance, periodic inspection and emergency procedures. For the transport of these vessels by public road, rail, waterway, sea and air, additional requirements can apply; these are defined in specific regulations.

ISO 21028-1:2016 specifies the toughness requirements of metallic materials for use at a temperature below -80 °C to ensure their suitability for cryogenic vessels. ISO 21028-1:2016 is not applicable to unalloyed steels and cast materials.

ISO 21013-3:2016 provides separate calculation methods for determining the required mass flow to be relieved for each of the following specified conditions: - vacuum-insulated vessels with insulation system (outer jacket + insulating material) intact under normal vacuum, outer jacket at ambient temperature, inner vessel at temperature of the contents at the specified relieving pressure; - vacuum-insulated vessels with insulation system (outer jacket + insulating material) intact under normal vacuum, outer jacket at ambient temperature, inner vessel at temperature of the contents at the specified relieving pressure, pressure regulator of the pressure build-up system functioning at full potential; - vacuum or non-vacuum-insulated vessels with insulation system remaining in place, but with loss of vacuum in the case of vacuum-insulated vessels, outer jacket at ambient temperature, inner vessel at temperature of the contents at the specified relieving pressure or vacuum or non-vacuum-insulated vessels with insulation system remaining fully or partially in place, but with loss of vacuum in the case of vacuum-insulated vessels, fire engulfment, inner vessel at temperature of the contents at the specified relieving pressure; - vacuum-insulated vessels containing fluids with saturation temperature below 75 K at 1 bar with insulation system remaining in place, but with loss of vacuum with air or nitrogen in the vacuum space; - vacuum insulated vessels containing fluids with saturation temperature below 75 K at 1 bar with insulation system remaining in place, but with loss of vacuum with air or nitrogen in the vacuum space with fire engulfment; - vessels with insulation system totally lost and fire engulfment. Good engineering practice based on well-established theoretical physical science needs to be adopted to determine the required mass flow where an appropriate calculation method is not provided for an applicable condition. Recommendations for pressure relief devices for cryostats are given in Annex A.

ISO 24490:2016 specifies the minimum requirements for the design, manufacture and testing of pumps for cryogenic service. ISO 24490:2016 is applicable to centrifugal pumps. However, it can be applied to other types of cryogenic pumps (e.g. reciprocating pumps), where applicable. This International Standard also gives guidance on the design of installations (see Annex A). It does not specify requirements for operation or maintenance. NOTE For cryogenic fluids, see ISO 21029‑1, ISO 20421‑1 and/or ISO 21009‑1.

ISO 21009-2:2015 specifies operational requirements for static vacuum insulated vessels designed for a maximum allowable pressure of more than 50 kPa (0,5 bar). It may also be used as a guideline for vessels designed for a maximum allowable pressure of less than 50 kPa (0,5 bar). ISO 21009-2:2015 applies to vessels designed for cryogenic fluids specified in ISO 21009‑1. Static cryogenic vessels are often partly equipped by the manufacturer, but may be installed or re-installed by another party, such as the operator, user or owner. NOTE 1 For the installation of these vessels, additional requirements can apply; these are defined in specific regulations. NOTE 2 Some requirements of this standard can be covered by local regulations, e.g. safety distances, occupational safety and health. Where there is a conflict between the requirements of this International Standard and any applicable local regulation, the local regulation always takes precedence.

ISO 21029-2:2015 specifies operational requirements for transportable vacuum insulated cryogenic vessels of not more than 1 000 l volume designed to operate above atmospheric pressure. Appropriate parts may be used as a guidance for a vessel design to operate open to the atmosphere. For cryogenic vessels designed for personal medical use, other requirements can apply. The scope includes putting into service, filling, withdrawal, transport within the location, storage, maintenance, periodic inspection, and emergency procedures. For the transportation of these vessels by public road, rail, sea, and air, other additional requirements can apply; these are defined in specific regulations. Transportable cryogenic vessels of not more than 1 000 l volume are often partly equipped by the manufacturer, but can be installed or re-installed by another party, such as the operator or owner. For this reason, some of the scope of ISO 21029-2:2015, which includes putting into service, inspection, filling, maintenance, and emergency procedure, overlaps with ISO 21029‑1.

ISO 12991:2012 specifies the construction requirements for refillable fuel tanks for liquefied natural gas (LNG) used in vehicles as well as the testing methods required to ensure that a reasonable level of protection from loss of life and property resulting from fire and explosion is provided. It is applicable to fuel tanks intended to be permanently attached to land vehicles but can be used as a guide for other modes of transport.

ISO 21013-4:2012 specifies the requirements for the design, manufacture and testing of pilot operated pressure relief valves for cryogenic service, i.e. for operation with cryogenic fluids in addition to operation at temperatures from ambient to cryogenic. It is restricted to valves not exceeding a size of DN 300 designed to relieve single phase vapours, gases, or mixtures of gases and/or vapours.

ISO 21009-1:2008 specifies requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection and testing of static vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels designed for a maximum allowable pressure of more than 0,5 bar. It applies to specified static vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels for fluids, and does not apply to vessels designed for toxic fluids. For static vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels designed for a maximum allowable pressure of not more than 0,5 bar, ISO 21009 may be used as a guide.

ISO 21011:2008 specifies the requirements for the design, manufacture and testing of valves for a rated temperature of -40 °C and below (cryogenic service), i.e. for operation with cryogenic fluids in addition to operation at temperatures from ambient to cryogenic. ISO 21011:2008 applies to all types of cryogenic valves, including vacuum jacketed cryogenic valves up to size DN 150. ISO 21011:2008 is not applicable to pressure relief valves covered by ISO 21013-1.

ISO 21013-2:2007 specifies the requirements for the design, manufacture and testing of non‑reclosable pressure‑relief devices for cryogenic service, i.e. for operation with cryogenic fluids in addition to operation at temperatures from ambient to cryogenic. ISO 21013-2:2007 is restricted to bursting‑disc and buckling‑pin devices not exceeding a size of DN 200 designed to relieve single‑phase vapours or gases. A bursting‑disc or buckling‑pin assembly may be specified, constructed and tested such that it is suitable for use with more than one gas or with mixtures of gases. ISO 21013-2:2007 does not provide methods for determining the capacity of bursting disc or buckling pin devices for a particular cryogenic vessel. Such methods are provided in ISO 21013-3.

ISO 21010:2014 specifies gas/materials compatibility requirements (such as chemical resistance) for cryogenic vessels, but it does not cover mechanical properties (e.g. for low temperature applications). It gives general guidance for compatibility with gases and detailed compatibility requirements for oxygen and oxygen-enriched atmospheres. ISO 21010:2014 also defines the testing methods for establishing oxygen compatibility of materials (metallic and non-metallic) to be used for cryogenic vessels and associated equipment. ISO 21010:2014 focuses on materials that are normally with or could be in contact with cryogenic fluids.

ISO 21013 specifies the requirements for the design, manufacture and testing of pressure relief valves for cryogenic service, i.e. for operation with cryogenic fluids in addition to operation at temperatures from ambient to cryogenic. It is a requirement of ISO 21013 that the valves comply with ISO 4126-1; in the event of different requirements, ISO 21013 takes precedence. ISO 21013 is restricted to valves not exceeding a size of DN 150 designed to relieve single-phase vapours or gases. A valve may be specified, constructed and tested such that it is suitable for use with more than one gas or with mixtures of gases. ISO 21013-1:2008 does not provide methods for determining the capacity of relief valve(s) for a particular cryogenic vessel. Such methods are provided in ISO 21013-3.

ISO 21012:2006 gives design, construction, type and production testing, and marking requirements for non-insulated cryogenic flexible hoses used for the transfer of cryogenic fluids within the following range of operating conditions: working temperature: from minus 270 °C to minus 65 °C; nominal size (DN): from 10 to 100. End fittings for mounting of any couplings are within the scope of this International Standard, but the couplings are subject to other standards.

ISO 21009-2:2006 specifies operational requirements for static vacuum insulated vessels designed for a maximum allowable pressure of more than 0,5 bar (50 kPa). It may also be used as a guideline for vessels designed for a maximum allowable pressure of less than 0,5 bar (50 kPa). ISO 21009-2:2006 applies to vessels designed for cryogenic fluids specified in EN 13458-1 and EN 13458-2. Static cryogenic vessels are often partly equipped by the manufacturer, but may be installed or re-installed by another party, such as the operator, user or owner. For this reason, some of the scope of ISO 21009-2:2006, which includes installation, putting into service, inspection, filling, maintenance and emergency procedure, overlaps with EN 13458-1, EN 13458-2 and EN 13458-3.

ISO 21014:2006 defines practical methods for determining the heat-leak performance of cryogenic vessels. The methods include measurement on both open and closed systems. ISO 21014:2006 neither specifies the requirement levels for insulation performance nor when the defined methods should be applied. These requirements may be defined in design or operational standards/regulations.

ISO 20421-1:2006 specifies requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection and testing of large transportable vacuum insulated cryogenic vessels of more than 450 l volume, which are permanently (fixed tanks) or not permanently (demountable tanks and portable tanks) attached to a means of transport, for one or more modes of transport. ISO 20421-1:2006 applies to large transportable vacuum insulated cryogenic vessels for cryogenic fluids, and does not apply to vessels designed for toxic fluids. ISO 20421-1:2006 does not include the general vehicle requirements, e.g. running gear, brakes, lighting, etc., which are in accordance with the relevant standards/regulations.

ISO 21013-3:2006 provides separate calculation methods for determining the required mass flow to be relieved for each of the following specified conditions. Vacuum-insulated vessels with insulation system (outer jacket + insulating material) intact under normal vacuum; outer jacket at ambient temperature; inner vessel at temperature of the contents at the relieving pressure. Vacuum-insulated vessels with insulation system (outer jacket + insulating material) intact under normal vacuum; outer jacket at ambient temperature; inner vessel at temperature of the contents at the relieving pressure; pressure regulator of the pressure build-up system functioning at full potential. Vacuum-insulated vessels with insulation system remaining in place but with loss of vacuum, or non-vacuum-insulated vessels with insulation system intact; outer jacket at ambient temperature; inner vessel at temperature of the contents at the relieving pressure; vacuum or non-vacuum-insulated vessels with insulation system remaining fully or partially in place, but with loss of vacuum in the case of vacuum-insulated vessels, and fire engulfment; inner vessel at temperature of the contents at the relieving pressure. Vessels with insulation system totally lost and fire engulfment. Good engineering practice based on well-established theoretical physical science needs to be adopted to determine the required mass flow where an appropriate calculation method is not provided for an applicable condition.

ISO 20421-2:2005 specifies operational requirements for large transportable vacuum insulated cryogenic vessels of more than 1 000 l volume. The scope includes putting into service, filling, withdrawal, transport within the location, storage, maintenance, periodic inspection and emergency procedures.

ISO 24490:2005 specifies the minimum requirements for the design, manufacture and testing of pumps for cryogenic service. ISO 24490:2005 is applicable to centrifugal pumps. However the principles may be applied to other types of pump (e.g. reciprocating pumps). ISO 24490:2005 also gives guidance on the design of installations. It does not specify requirements for operation or maintenance. For cryogenic fluids, see ISO 21029-1, ISO 20421-1 and/or ISO 21009-1.

ISO 23208:2005 specifies the minimum requirements for the cleanliness of all surfaces of cryogenic vessels and associated accessories that are in contact with the cryogenic fluid at any expected operating conditions. ISO 23208:2005 defines the acceptable level of surface and particle contamination to minimize the risk of malfunction of equipment and ensure safety against ignition when in contact with oxygen or oxidizing fluids (see ISO 10156-2).

ISO 21029-1:2004 specifies requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection and testing of transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels of not more than 1 000 l volume designed to operate at a maximum permissible pressure greater than atmospheric. ISO 21029-1:2004 applies to transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels for non-toxic gases (asphyxiant, oxidizing and flammable).

ISO 21028-1:2004 specifies the toughness requirements of metallic materials for use at temperatures below -80 °C to ensure their suitability for cryogenic vessels. It is not applicable to unalloyed steels and cast materials.

ISO 21029-2:2004 specifies operational requirements for transportable vacuum insulated cryogenic vessels of not more than 1 000 l volume designed to operate above atmospheric pressure. Appropriate parts may be used as a guidance for a vessel design to operate open to the atmosphere. The scope includes putting into service, filling, withdrawal, transport within the location, storage, maintenance, periodic inspection and emergency procedures. ISO 21029-2:2004 applies to vessels for cryogenic fluids as specified in ISO 21029-1.

ISO 21028-2:2004 specifies the toughness requirements of metallic materials for use at temperatures between -20 °C and -80 °C to ensure their suitability for cryogenic vessels. It is applicable to fine-grain and low-alloyed steels with specified yield strength less than or equal to 460 N/mm2, aluminium and aluminium alloys, copper and copper alloys and austenitic stainless steels.

ISO 21010:2004 specifies gas/materials compatibility requirements (such as chemical resistance) for cryogenic vessels but it does not cover mechanical properties (e.g. for low temperature applications). It gives general guidance for compatibility with gases and detailed compatibility requirements for oxygen and oxygen-enriched atmospheres. ISO 21010:2004 also defines the testing methods for establishing oxygen compatibility of materials (metallic and non-metallic) to be used for cryogenic vessels and associated equipment. It focuses on materials that are normally with or could be in contact with cryogenic fluids.