ISO/DIS 7176-5

Wheelchairs

Fauteuils roulants

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 7176-5
ISO/TC 173/SC 1 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2005-10-10 2006-03-13

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

Wheelchairs —
Part 5:
Determination of dimensions, mass and manœuvring space
Fauteuils roulants —
Partie 5: Détermination des dimensions, de la masse et de l'espace de manœuvre
[Revision of first edition (ISO 7176-5:1986)]
ICS 11.180.10

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© International Organization for Standardization, 2005
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ISO/DIS 7176-5
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© ISO
ISO/DIS 7176-5
Contents

Contents ............................................................................................................................................................ iii

Figure index........................................................................................................................................................v

Foreword........................................................................................................................................................... vii

Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................viii

1 Scope..........................................................................................................................................................1

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................1

4 Wheelchair classes and user mass groups ..............................................................................................23

4.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................23

4.2 Classes of electrically powered wheelchairs ............................................................................................23

4.3 User mass groups.....................................................................................................................................23

5 Test apparatus..........................................................................................................................................24

6 Selection of the test wheelchair................................................................................................................27

7 Preparation of the test wheelchair ............................................................................................................27

7.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................27

7.2 Wheelchair equipment ..............................................................................................................................27

7.3 Wheelchair adjustment .............................................................................................................................27

7.4 Final check................................................................................................................................................31

7.5 Positioning ................................................................................................................................................32

7.6 Set-up procedures for test dummies.........................................................................................................32

7.7 Records.....................................................................................................................................................33

7.8 Use of the hand space gauge...................................................................................................................33

7.9 Wheel rotation...........................................................................................................................................33

8 Required measurements ..........................................................................................................................34

8.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................34

8.2 Full overall length......................................................................................................................................35

8.3 Overall width .............................................................................................................................................35

8.4 Handgrip height.........................................................................................................................................35

8.5 Stowage length .........................................................................................................................................35

8.6 Stowage width...........................................................................................................................................35

8.7 Stowage height .........................................................................................................................................35

8.8 Pivot width.................................................................................................................................................35

8.9 Reversing width ........................................................................................................................................36

8.10 Turning diameter.......................................................................................................................................36

8.11 Ground clearance .....................................................................................................................................36

8.12 Rise...........................................................................................................................................................36

8.13 Total mass ................................................................................................................................................36

8.14 Mass of heaviest part................................................................................................................................36

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9 Architectural considerations..................................................................................................................... 37

9.1 General..................................................................................................................................................... 37

9.2 Full occupied length ................................................................................................................................. 37

9.3 Reduced occupied length......................................................................................................................... 37

9.4 Occupied width......................................................................................................................................... 37

9.5 Occupied height ....................................................................................................................................... 38

9.6 Required width of angled corridor ............................................................................................................ 38

9.7 Required doorway entry depth................................................................................................................. 39

9.8 Required corridor width for side exit ........................................................................................................ 39

9.9 Ramp transition angle .............................................................................................................................. 40

10 Disclosure of information.......................................................................................................................... 41

10.1 General..................................................................................................................................................... 41

10.2 Manual wheelchairs ................................................................................................................................. 41

10.3 Electrically powered wheelchairs ............................................................................................................. 41

11 Test report................................................................................................................................................ 42

11.1 Requirements........................................................................................................................................... 42

11.2 Recommendations ................................................................................................................................... 43

Annex A Technical dimensions (informative) .................................................................................................. 44

A.1 Reduced overall length ............................................................................................................................ 44

A.2 Overall height ........................................................................................................................................... 44

A.3 Wheelbase ............................................................................................................................................... 44

A.4 Camber..................................................................................................................................................... 45

A.5 Rear wheel track ...................................................................................................................................... 45

A.6 Front wheel track...................................................................................................................................... 46

A.7 Radial wheel deviation ............................................................................................................................. 46

A.8 Lateral wheel deviation ............................................................................................................................ 46

A.9 Toe ........................................................................................................................................................... 46

A.10 Skew......................................................................................................................................................... 47

A.11 Frontal rake .............................................................................................................................................. 47

A.12 Lateral rake .............................................................................................................................................. 48

A.13 Castor trail................................................................................................................................................ 49

A.14 Castor wheel misalignment...................................................................................................................... 50

A.15 Radial handrim deviation.......................................................................................................................... 51

A.16 Lateral handrim deviation......................................................................................................................... 52

Annex B Pivot width and reversing width (informative) ................................................................................... 53

B.1 General..................................................................................................................................................... 53

B.2 Pivot width................................................................................................................................................ 53

B.3 Reversing width........................................................................................................................................ 55

Annex C Turning diameter (informative).......................................................................................................... 59

C.1 General..................................................................................................................................................... 59

C.2 Direct steering .......................................................................................................................................... 59

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C.3 Limited differential steering.......................................................................................................................60

C.4 Full differential steering.............................................................................................................................62

Annex D Wheelchair longitudinal axis and wheelchair centre-point (informative) ...........................................63

Annex E Guidelines and recommendations for wheelchair design and performance (informative) ................64

E.1 Camber .....................................................................................................................................................64

E.2 Castor trail.................................................................................................................................................64

E.3 Castor wheel misalignment.......................................................................................................................64

E.4 Frontal rake...............................................................................................................................................64

E.5 Ground clearance .....................................................................................................................................64

E.6 Lateral rake...............................................................................................................................................65

E.7 Lateral wheel deviation .............................................................................................................................65

E.8 Pivot width.................................................................................................................................................65

E.9 Radial wheel deviation..............................................................................................................................65

E.10 Required corridor width for side exit .........................................................................................................65

E.11 Required doorway entry depth..................................................................................................................65

E.12 Required width of angled corridor.............................................................................................................65

E.13 Reversing width ........................................................................................................................................65

E.14 Rise...........................................................................................................................................................65

E.15 Skew .........................................................................................................................................................66

E.16 Toe............................................................................................................................................................66

E.17 Turning diameter.......................................................................................................................................66

E.18 Wheelbase................................................................................................................................................66

Figure index

Figure 1 - Camber (exaggerated).......................................................................................................................2

Figure 2 - Castor trail..........................................................................................................................................3

Figure 3 - Castor wheel misalignment (exaggerated) ........................................................................................4

Figure 4 - Front wheel track (example) ..............................................................................................................4

Figure 5 - Frontal rake (exaggerated) ................................................................................................................5

Figure 6 - Dimensions of the wheelchair when occupied...................................................................................6

Figure 7 - Ground clearance (example) .............................................................................................................7

Figure 8 - Identification of ground contact point .................................................................................................8

Figure 9 - Handgrip reference point ...................................................................................................................9

Figure 10 - Lateral rake (exaggerated).............................................................................................................10

Figure 11 - Some wheels with lateral wheel deviation .....................................................................................10

Figure 12 - Pivot width......................................................................................................................................12

Figure 13 - Some wheels with radial wheel deviation ......................................................................................13

Figure 14 - Ramp transition angle ....................................................................................................................13

Figure 15 - Rear wheel track (example)...........................................................................................................14

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Figure 16 - Required corridor width for side exit.............................................................................................. 15

Figure 17 - Required doorway entry depth ...................................................................................................... 16

Figure 18 - Required width of angled corridor ................................................................................................. 17

Figure 19 - Reversing width............................................................................................................................. 18

Figure 20 - Rise ............................................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 21 - Skew (exaggerated) ...................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 22 - Toe (exaggerated)......................................................................................................................... 20

Figure 23 - Turning diameter (examples for various kinds of wheelchair)....................................................... 21

Figure 24 - Wheel median line......................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 25 – Wheelbase.................................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 26 - Wheelchair centre-point and wheelchair longitudinal axis ............................................................23

Figure 27 - Foot space gauge.......................................................................................................................... 24

Figure 28 – Knee space gauge........................................................................................................................ 25

Figure 29 - Hand space gauge ........................................................................................................................ 26

Figure 30 - Ramp gauge B (example) ............................................................................................................. 26

Figure 31 - Position of the foot space gauges on various foot supports ......................................................... 33

Figure 32 - Location of Z-marks....................................................................................................................... 34

Figure 33 - Measurement of occupied height.................................................................................................. 38

Figure 34 – First approach when running the test........................................................................................... 40

Figure 35 - Measurement of greatest angle α when wheelchair is at upper transition ................................... 41

Figure A 1 - Determination of castor trail (example)........................................................................................ 50

Figure A 2 - Determination of castor wheel misalignment (example).............................................................. 51

Figure B 1 - Footprint of a typical wheelchair with differential steering (example with manual wheelchair) ... 54

Figure B 2 - Pivot width (example with manual wheelchair)............................................................................ 55

Figure B 3 - Footprint of a typical wheelchair with direct steering (example).................................................. 57

Figure B 4 - Reversing width (example) .......................................................................................................... 58

Figure C 1 - Turning diameter of a wheelchair with direct steering................................................................. 60

Figure C 2 - Turning diameter of a wheelchair with limited differential steering.............................................. 61

Figure C 3 - Turning diameter of a wheelchair with full differential steering ...................................................62

Figure D 1 - Wheelchair longitudinal axis and wheelchair centre-point (toe and skew exaggerated)............. 63

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© ISO
ISO/DIS 7176-5
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards

adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an

International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent

rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 7176-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with

disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs.
ISO 7176 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchair
 Part 1: Determination of static stability
 Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric wheelchairs
 Part 3: Determination of the efficiency of brakes

 Part 4: Determination of energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters

 Part 5: Determination of dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space

 Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and retardation of electric wheelchairs

 Part 7: Method of measurement of seating and wheel dimensions
 Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths
 Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs

 Part 10: Determination of the obstacle climbing ability of electric wheelchairs

 Part 11: Test dummies
 Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces

 Part 14: Power and control systems for electric wheelchairs - requirements and test methods

 Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling

 Part 16: Requirements and test methods for resistance to ignition of upholstered parts

 Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use in motor vehicles

 Part 21: Requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of powered wheelchairs and

motorised scooters
 Part 22: Set-up procedure for adjustable wheelchairs

 Part 23: Requirements and test methods for attendant-operated stair climbing devices

 Part 24: Requirements and test methods for user-operated stair-climbing devices

 Part 25: Requirements and test methods for batteries and their chargers for powered wheelchairs and

motorised scooters
 Part 26: Vocabulary

A Technical Report, ISO/TR 13570-1, Guidelines for the application of the ISO 7176 series on wheelchairs,

is also available giving a simplified explanation of these parts of ISO 7176.
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© ISO
ISO/DIS 7176-5
Introduction
The purpose of this International Standard is to provide tec
...