ISO 10307-2:1993
(Main)Petroleum products — Total sediment in residual fuel oils — Part 2: Determination using standard procedures for ageing
Petroleum products — Total sediment in residual fuel oils — Part 2: Determination using standard procedures for ageing
The principle of the method specified is determining the total sediment after accelerated ageing according to two procedures: A - thermal ageing (at 100 °C for 24 h), B - chemical ageing (dilution with hexadecane, heating to 100 °C for 1 h), followed by hot filtration as specified in ISO 10307-1. The object is to predict fuel oil stability to sedimentation during storage and handling.
Produits pétroliers - Sédiment total dans les fuel-oils résiduels — Partie 2: Détermination à l'aide de méthodes de vieillissement de référence
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL
IS0
STANDARD
10307-2
First edition
1993-09-15
Petroleum products - Total sediment in
residual fuel oils -
Part 2:
Determination using standard procedures for
agelng
Produits pbtroliers - S6diment total dans les fuel-oils r&iduels -
Partie 2: Dgtermination A I’aide de mgthodes de vieillissement de
r&f&ence
Reference number
IS0 10307-2:1993(E)
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IS0 10307=2:1993(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(I EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard IS0 10307-2 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants.
IS0 10307 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pet-
roleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel oils:
- Part 1: Determination by hot filtration
- Part 2: Determination using standard procedures for ageing
Annex A forms an integral part of this part of IS0 10307.
0 IS0 1993
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per-
mission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
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IS0 10307-2:1993(E)
Introduction
Experience has shown that the precipitation of asphaltenes from a residual
fuel oil in the form of sediment may occur during storage and handling.
Such sediment may cause severe difficulties, and in extreme cases can
render the fuel unfit for use. Once out of solution, it is extremely difficult
to repeptize the asphaltenes into their original state.
Fuel pre-treatment designed to accelerate the ageinglsedimentation pro-
cess, followed by filtration, is a well-established technique for testing
whether sediment from residual fuel oils will precipitate during storage
and handling. This could involve thermal ageing (heating to a specified
temperature for a specified time) or chemical ageing (addition of a speci-
fied amount of a normal alkane to test whether the balance between the
required aromaticity of the asphaltenes and the available aromaticity of the
oil phase is disturbed to the extent that asphaltene precipitation occurs).
A means of predicting the presence of a reserve of stability to
sedimentation in residual fuel oil during storage and handling is thus a
useful tool in the petroleum products industry.
. . .
III
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IS0 10307=2:1993(E)
Petroleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel
oils -
Part 2:
Determination using standard procedures for ageing
WARNING - The use of this International Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations
and equipment. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
ASTM D460:1990, Method for sampling and chemical
1 Scope
analysis of soaps and soap products.
This part of IS0 10307 specifies two procedures for
ASTM D850:1990, Method for distillation of industrial
accelerated ageing of residual fuel oils which, com-
aroma tic hydrocarbons and related materials.
bined with the hot filtration method specified in
IS0 10307-1, permit the prediction of fuel oil stability
ASTM Dl 015: 1989, Test method for freezing points
to sedimentation during storage and handling.
of high-purity hydrocarbons.
ASTM D4274:1988, Method for testing polyurethane
polyol raw materials - Determination of h ydroxyl
numbers of polyols.
IP 1711952, Colour by Lovibond Tintometer.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
3 Definitions
of this part of IS0 10307. At the time of publication,
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
For the purposes of this part of IS0 10307, the fol-
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
lowing definitions apply.
on this part of IS0 10307 are encouraged to investi-
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi-
3.1 potential total sediment: Total sediment, de-
tions of the standards indicated below. Members of
termined by IS0 10307-1, after ageing a sample of
IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid
residual fuel for 24 h at 100 “C under prescribed con-
International Standards.
ditions.
IS0 1773:1976, Laboratory glassware - Boiling
flasks (narrow-necked). 3.2 accelerated total sediment: Total sediment,
determined by IS0 10307-1, after dilution of a sample
IS0 10307-I :I 993, Petroleum products - Total of residual fuel with hexadecane in the ratio of 1 ml
sediment in residual fuel oils - Part 1: Determination per IO g of sample under carefully controlled con-
by hot filtration. ditions, followed by storage for 1 h at 100 “C.
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IS0 10307=2:1993(E)
5 Apparatus
4 Principle
5.1 Ageing bath, comprising an electrically heated
Total sediment is determined after accelerated ageing
oil bath, capable of maintaining a temperature of
according to 4.1 or 4.2, followed by hot filtration as
100 “C + 0,5 “C, fitted with air wells of i.d. 55 mm
specified in IS0 10307-l.
and depth 120 mm, as illustrated in figure 1.
5.2 Thermometers.
4.1 Thermal ageing (Procedure A)
5.2.1 For the ageing bath, as specified in A.1.
A sample of residual fuel oil is subject to ageing at
For general purpose, as specified in A.2.
5.2.2
100 “C for 24 h under specified conditions.
5.3 Air condenser, glass, o.d. 8 mm, length
400 mm.
5.4 Stoppers, to provide a tight fit in the test jar.
4.2 Chemical ageing (Procedure B)
5.4.1 Cork, bored to accommodate the air
A sample of residual fuel oil is diluted with a specified
condenser.
amount of hexadecane (cetane) under carefully
controlled conditions. It is then heated to 100 “C for
5.4.2 Rubber, unbored.
1 h .
Air condenser
-Thermometer
Air we 11
55 mm i.d. x 120 mm long
Test flask
Hotplate or immersion
heater
7-
- Ageing bath
Figure 1
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IS0 10307=2:1993(E)
NOTES
5.5 Microburette, of minimum capacity 5 ml,
graduated in 0,02 ml subdivisions or less.
2 Portable warm air blowers and/or water baths at not
more than 50 “C are suitable for raising the temperature of
the microburette or bulk hexadecane container.
5.6 Magnetic stirrerlhotplate, capable of being
controlled by a contact thermometer, or other suitable
3 Commercially available hexadecane (cetane) with 99 %
temperature control device, and with polytetrafluoro-
purity certification is suitable for use without further testing.
ethylene (PTFE)-coated stirring bars, length 25 mm.
5.7 Contact thermometer, range 0 “C to 200 “C
7 Sampling
(see 5.6) .
The sample aliquot for these procedures shall be
taken from the same container as that sample taken
5.8 Metal block, of copper or brass, diameter
for IS0 10307-l for determination of sediment by hot
40 mm, height 40 mm, with a central hole of diameter
filtration.
1 mm larger than the diameter of the lower part of the
contact thermometer.
NOTE 4 The samples will normally be taken at the same
time, and thus be subjected to the same preparation pro-
cedure.
5.9 Conical flask, 50 ml capacity, narrow neck,
complying with IS0 1773.
8 Sample preparation
5.10 Spatula, of polypropylene, chamfered ends,
200 mm long.
Homogenize the whole sample thoroughly, using the
homogenizer (5.14) i
...
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