IWA 28:2018

Faecal sludge treatment units — Energy independent, prefabricated, community-scale resource-recovery units — Safety and performance

IWA 28:2018 specifies requirements and test methods to ensure safety, performance and sustainability of community-scale resource-oriented faecal sludge treatment units that serve approximately 1 000 to 100 000 people. IWA 28:2018 applies to treatment units that: · primarily treat faecal sludge; · are able to operate in non-sewered and off-grid environments; · are prefabricated. IWA 28:2018 does not apply to sanitation treatment units requiring sewer infrastructure, or to those requiring electric grid access during steady state operation. Treatment units to which IWA 28:2018 applies exhibit resource recovery capability (e.g. recovering energy, reusable water, soil amendment) and are capable of being energy neutral or energy net positive.

Unités de traitement de matières de vidange — Unités de récupération préfabriquées et autonomes en énergie pour des ressources à l'échelle locale — Sécurité et performances

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 12-Apr-2018
• ICS: 13.030.20 - Liquid wastes. Sludge
• Technical Committee: ISO/TMBG - Technical Management Board - groups
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TMBG - Technical Management Board - groups

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL IWA
WORKSHOP 28
AGREEMENT
First edition
2018-04
Faecal sludge treatment units —
Energy independent, prefabricated,
community-scale resource-recovery
units — Safety and performance
Unités de traitement de matières de vidange — Unités de
récupération préfabriquées et autonomes en énergie pour des
ressources à l'échelle locale — Sécurité et performances
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .vii
Introduction .viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
4 General requirements . 8
4.1 Industrial design and manufacture . 8
4.2 Hazard and operability study and risk assessment . 8
4.3 Ambient operation conditions . 8
4.4 Expected technical lifetime . 9
4.5 Treatment unit input . 9
4.5.1 Input types . 9
4.5.2 Specification of input parameters and ranges . 9
4.5.3 Input specification templates . 9
4.5.4 Additional input specifications for thermal and biological processes . 9
4.6 Requirements for handling of faecal sludge as a fuel .10
4.6.1 Delivery and reception of faecal sludge .10
4.6.2 Storage of faecal sludge .10
4.6.3 Feeding system .10
4.6.4 Additional requirements for thermal treatment units .10
5 Energy balance and resource recovery .10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Energy balance .10
5.2.1 Energy independence .10
5.2.2 Energy positive .11
5.3 Resource recovery .11
6 Performance requirements .11
6.1 Technical process availability .11
6.1.1 Mean time between failure (MTBF) .11
6.1.2 Mean time to repair (MTTR) .12
6.1.3 Preventive maintenance time (T ) .12
pm
6.2 Process reliability .12
6.2.1 Process stability .12
6.2.2 Start reliability and start time .12
6.2.3 Shut-off reliability and shut-off time .12
7 Safety and functional requirements .12
7.1 Applicability .12
7.2 Process control.13
7.2.1 General.13
7.2.2 Degree of automation .13
7.2.3 Intentional starting of operation .13
7.2.4 Intentional stopping of operation .13
7.2.5 Emergency stop .13
7.2.6 Continuous monitoring .13
7.2.7 Feedback of process failures .13
7.2.8 Safety-related functions of the control system .14
7.2.9 Input overload protection monitoring .14
7.2.10 Overpressure protection .14
7.2.11 Fire and overheating prevention .14
7.2.12 Explosion prevention .15
7.3 Process redundancy .15
7.4 Material fire resistance .15
7.5 Security and safety of electrical energy supply .15
7.5.1 Security of electrical energy supply .15
7.5.2 Safety requirements for electrical energy supply .16
7.6 Structures and supporting elements .16
7.6.1 Structural integrity .16
7.6.2 Integrity against external impacts .17
7.7 Sanitary requirements .17
7.7.1 Hygienic design .17
7.7.2 Materials .17
7.7.3 System tightness .17
7.7.4 Leakage protection.17
7.8 Mechanical requirements .17
7.8.1 Pressurized equipment .17
7.8.2 Pipes, hoses and fittings .18
7.8.3 Tanks and vessels .18
7.8.4 Moving and rotating parts .18
7.8.5 Vibration .19
7.9 Radiation .19
7.9.1 High temperatures of parts and surfaces .19
7.9.2 Low temperatures of parts and surfaces .19
7.9.3 Electromagnetic compatibility.19
7.9.4 Other sources of radiation .19
7.10 Electric and electrical components .19
8 Operability .20
8.1 Safe loading .
...