ISO/TR 19441:2018
(Main)Petroleum products — Density versus temperature relationships of current fuels, biofuels and biofuel components
Petroleum products — Density versus temperature relationships of current fuels, biofuels and biofuel components
ISO/TR 19441:2018 lists and describes recent density measurements at different temperatures for biofuel components and biofuel blends such as gasoline E5, E10, E85 and biodiesel B100, B7, as well as domestic heating oils and paraffinic diesel fuels. ISO/TR 19441:2018 can be used to calculate , the thermal expansion coefficient from a given temperature to 15 °C. This document can also serve to compare several aspects of density/temperature modelling and to check for compliance with and limitations in relation to existing calibration requirements. It can help in the determination of specific necessities for the grouping of fuels into common product family classes, also suggesting ways to treat fuels or components with an unusual behaviour. In addition, this document proposes possible steps for an internationally harmonized handling of new components coming into the market.
Produits pétroliers — Densité contre température relations des carburants actuels, les biocarburants et leur composants
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 19441
First edition
2018-02
Petroleum products — Density versus
temperature relationships of current
fuels, biofuels and biofuel components
Produits pétroliers — Densité contre température relations des
carburants actuels, les biocarburants et leur composants
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Summary . 1
5 Background and motivation . 2
6 Basic analytical considerations . 3
6.1 Intentions of this document . 3
6.2 Physical property density . 3
6.3 Density for (defined) product blends/mixtures . 4
6.4 The volume correction factor (VCF) . 4
6.5 Graphical representations of the density/temperature behaviour . 5
7 Applicable VCF models . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Exponential model (for a single sample) . 7
7.3 The linear VCF model . 7
7.4 The constant value model for a specific product family . 8
8 Developing the group constants K , K , K for the PMT Group B products (see Table 1) .9
0 1 2
9 European precision requirements for volume meters revisited .11
10 Experimental details concerning the density measurement .13
10.1 Choice of density determination method.13
10.2 Participating laboratories .14
10.3 Samples .14
10.4 Measurement ranges .14
10.5 First impressions on necessary precision for the D(t) measurement .15
10.6 Further experimental steps .16
11 Density measurement and interpretation of results .16
11.1 Middle distillates .16
11.2 Studies on FAME and FAME blends .16
11.2.1 General.16
11.2.2 Using the linear model variant .16
11.2.3 Pure FAMEs . .17
11.2.4 FAME blends with low sulfur domestic heating oils .19
11.2.5 Market diesel fuels .20
11.2.6 Diesel fuels (B0, B5, B7) and more FAMEs .24
11.2.7 Domestic heating oils (DIN 51603-1) .25
11.2.8 Low sulfur domestic heating oils (DIN 51603-1) .26
11.2.9 Rapeseed oil fuels .27
11.2.10 GTL and XTL samples .28
11.2.11 Summary of results for middle distillate samples .28
11.3 Petrol type fuels .29
11.3.1 EN 228 market petrol fuels .29
11.3.2 Results for EN 228 Super 95 petrol E0 (summer quality) .30
11.3.3 EN 228 Super 95 petrols E5 (winter quality) .30
11.3.4 EN 228 Super 95 petrols E10 (winter quality) .31
11.3.5 EN 228 Super 98 petrol E0 (summer quality).32
11.3.6 EN 228 Super 98 petrol E0 and E5 (winter quality) .32
11.3.7 EN 228 Super 98 petrols E0 blends with different shares of ethanol .33
11.3.8 Conclusions for D(t) behaviour of the petrol fuel samples .35
Annex A (informative) Calculation of alpha60F, D60F and alpha15 plus D15 for a set of
single unknown petroleum samples according to API MPMS Chapter 11.1 .37
Annex B (informative) Examples of Y table results in German DIN 51757 .42
Annex C (informative) Precision results for FAME from a German precision
determination exercise .43
Annex D (informative) Density/temperature tables.48
Annex E (informative) Example for density/temperature conversion for the paraffinic
diesel fuel product family .70
Bibliography .74
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from
natural or synthetic sources.
Introduction
The density of hydrocarbon fuels at a standard condition of temperature and pressure is used to
define the quantity (standard volume) of the product during trade and fiscal transactions. To ensure
standardization in the calculation of standard volume and density from actual conditions the thermal
and pressure expansion factors are calculated through the application of standardized methods and
algorithms.
In the advent of new fuel compositions like HVO (“Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil”) as well as blends with
bio products like ethanol and FAME (“Fatty Acid Methyl Esters”) in the markets, the question was
raised whether the density/temperature relationships, which have been applied for more than 60 years
to transform the density or volume of a petroleum product, are a temperature measured at transport
time or a “reduced” density or volume value at a standard temperature (15°C and in some areas 60 °F).
In order to identify potential differences for these new products, the German petroleum standardization
committee (DIN-FAM) started as early as 2003 to make extensive density/temperature measurements
starting with FAME. Examination of additional products followed, and other associations like AFNOR
and the Energy Institute (EI) also shared their results of similar investigations.
This document also recommends procedural steps to obtain data which will determine the thermal
expansion of new or alternative fuels and blends hence allowing a comparison to accepted and
standardized correction factors (e.g. Petroleum Measurement Tables - ISO 91, IP 200 and API MPM
...
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