ISO/PRF TR 6030

Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction – Survey results and gap analysis

Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes – Réduction des risques de catastrophes – Résultats d'enquête et analyse des écarts

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 13.020.20 - Environmental economics. Sustainability
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 1 - Smart community infrastructures
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 1 - Smart community infrastructures
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 17-May-2022
• Completion Date: 17-May-2022

Standards Content (sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 6030
First edition
Smart community infrastructures
– Disaster risk reduction – Survey
results and gap analysis
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes – Réduction des risques de
catastrophes – Résultats d'enquête et analyse des écarts
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction ............................................................................................. 3

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning ........................................................................................................................................... 4

4.3 Disaster research ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

4.4 Safer infrastructure ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.5 Human resource development ........................................................................................................................................... ....... 4

4.6 Stockpiling .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.7 Securing evacuation support ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.8 Securing evacuation facilities ................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.9 Procurement and supply of goods ......................................................................................................................................... 5

4.10 Rescue, emergency and firefighting .................................................................................................................................... 5

4.11 Medical activities ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.12 Health (physical and mental) .................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.13 Voluntary support ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4.14 Epidemic prevention ........................................................................................................................................... ............................... 6

4.15 Securing transportation routes .............................................................................................................................................. 6

4.16 Securing communication means and lifelines ............................................................................................................ 6

4.17 Livelihood recovery ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4.18 Recovery planning ...................................................................... ......................................................................................................... 6

4.19 Recovery action ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4.20 Collection and transmission of observation data .................................................................................................... 7

4.21 Collection and disseminating disaster information .............................................................................................. 7

5 Existing practices and documents relevant to disaster risk reduction ....................................................7

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.2 Literature review — Document search ............................................................................................................................ 7

5.3 Survey design ......... .................................................................................................................................. ................................................ 9

5.4 Specific examples of global initiatives ............................................................................................................................ 10

5.4 Issues landscape ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................... 14

5.5 Solution landscape ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21

5.6 Common areas of function ........................................................................................................................................................ 21

6 Gap analysis ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................22

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................22

6.2 Gap analysis types ............................................................................................................................................................................ 22

6.2.1 Gap analysis by community infrastructure functions ..................................................................22

6.2.2 Gap analysis by hazard types and infrastructure types ............................................................. 27

6.3 Possible areas for action by standardization bodies .........................................................................................29

Annex A (informative) Examples of global smart community infrastructures for disaster

risk reduction ...................................................................... .................................................................................................................................33

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,

Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Introduction

Over the last decade, global communities have made great progress towards reducing disaster risk

through strengthening resilience against natural hazards. However, in addition to geological hazards,

ongoing climate changes can exacerbate existing hydrometeorological hazard risks by increasing the

frequency and intensity of these hazards, in either unprecedented combinations and/or unexpected

locations. As a result, more communities and assets can be exposed to these hazards, leading to greater

damage by disasters.

In order to protect communities against natural hazard risks, infrastructures can play a key role in

strengthening resilience. Critical infrastructures that communities rely on, such as energy, information

and communication technologies (ICT), transportation, waste and water, and other infrastructures

affect vital community functions such as livelihoods, medical activities, financial services. This results

in an increasing cost of disasters for all sectors of the community whether it is governments, businesses,

and individuals. These costs include not only direct costs but also indirect ones such as costs from flow-

on effects from disasters. Through the implementation of infrastructure that can strengthen resilience,

communities can recover from the impacts of disasters quickly and effectively.

The demand for smart community infrastructures, as scalable and integrable products, will continue

to grow in the decades ahead. However, it is imperative that such infrastructures can also be designed

in a way that reduces disaster risk and strengthens disaster resilience. Through an analysis of

existing documents on smart community infrastructure for disaster risk reduction and a survey of

global examples, this document is intended to identify existing gaps in the implementation of smart

community infrastructure for disaster risk reduction, and to identify topics for potential areas in

the standardization of smart community infrastructures for disaster risk reduction. Through the

accumulation of global best practices, this document identifies areas for potential standardization,

which includes but is not limited to, the strengthening of disaster risk reduction technologies utilized in

critical infrastructures such as energy, waste and water, transportation, ICT, and the built environment.

This document seeks to provide the foundation for future standardization deliverables which promote

the interoperability of disaster risk reduction technologies globally.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction
– Survey results and gap analysis
1 Scope

This document identifies existing global smart community infrastructures that enhance disaster

risk reduction, the key purposes served by these global examples, gaps in coverage, and the need for

standardization activities, which establishes the basis for the next steps for standardization.

This document is intended to be a basis for the future standardization of smart community

infrastructures for disaster risk reduction through the identification of areas for potential

standardization. This includes, but is not limited to, infrastructures related to energy, waste and water,

transportation, information and communication technologies (ICT), and the general built environment.

It does not address specifications or requirements already covered by other relevant international

standards.

This document primarily addresses disasters caused by natural hazards, such as geological and

hydrometeorological hazards, and does not focus on human-induced disasters such as terrorism or

biological hazards such as pandemics.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
community

group of people with an arrangement of responsibilities, activities and relationships

Note 1 to entry: In many, but not all, contexts, a community has a defined geographical boundary.

Note 2 to entry: A city is a type of community.
[SOURCE: ISO 37120:2018, 3.3]
3.2
community infrastructure

systems of facilities, equipment and services that support the operations and activities of communities

Note 1 to entry: Such community infrastructures include, but are not limited to, energy, water, transportation,

waste and information and communication technologies (ICT).
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.6.1]
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
3.3
critical infrastructure

physical structures, facilities, networks and other assets which provide services that are essential to

the social and economic functioning of a community (3.1) or society

Note 1 to entry: Examples of critical infrastructure can include, but are not limited to, power generation,

transmission and distribution, water treatment, distribution and drainage, wastewater and stormwater

infrastructure, transportation, gas supply and distribution, telecommunications infrastructure, educational

facilities, hospitals and other health facilities.
[SOURCE: ISO 37123: 2019, 3.1]
3.4
disaster

serious disruption to a city or community (3.1) due to hazardous events interacting with conditions

of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to human, material, economic and/or environmental

losses and impacts

Note 1 to entry: Disasters can be frequent or infrequent, depending on the probability of occurrence and the

return period of the relevant hazard (3.5). A slow-onset disaster is one that emerges gradually over time, for

example through drought, desertification, sea level rise, subsidence or epidemic disease. A sudden-onset disaster

is one triggered by a hazardous event that emerges quickly or unexpectedly, often associated with earthquakes,

volcanic eruptions, flash floods, chemical explosions, critical infrastructure (3.3) failures or transport accidents.

[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.2]
3.5
hazard

phenomenon, human activity or process that can cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,

property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation

Note 1 to entry: Hazards include biological, environmental, geological, hydrometeorological and technological

processes and phenomena. Biological hazards include pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bioactive

substances (e.g. bacteria, viruses, parasites, venomous wildlife and insects, poisonous plants, mosquitoes

carrying disease-causing agents). Environmental hazards can be chemical, natural, radiological or biological,

and are created by environmental degradation, physical or chemical pollution in the air, water and soil. However,

many of the processes and phenomena that fall into this category can be “drivers” of hazard and risk rather than

hazards themselves (e.g. soil degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, sea level rise). With respect to drinking

water, ‘hazard’ can be understood as a microbiological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that causes harm

to human health. Geological or geophysical hazards originate from internal earth processes (e.g. earthquakes,

volcanic activity, landslides, rockslides, mud flows). Hydrometeorological hazards are of atmospheric,

hydrological or oceanographic origin (e.g. cyclones, typhoons, hurricanes, floods, drought, heatwaves, cold

spells, and coastal storm surges). Hydrometeorological conditions can also be a factor in other hazards such

as landslides, wildland fires and epidemics. Technological hazards originate from industrial or technological

conditions, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities (e.g. industrial pollution,

nuclear radiation, toxic waste, dam failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, chemical spills).

[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.3]
3.6
resilience
ability to absorb and adapt in a changing environment

Note 1 to entry: In the context of urban resilience the ability to absorb and adapt to a changing environment is

determined by the collective capacity to anticipate, prepare and respond to threats and opportunities by each

individual component of an urban system.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.206]
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
3.7
smart community infrastructure

community infrastructure (3.2) with enhanced technological performance that is designed, operated

and maintained to contribute to sustainable development and resilience (3.6) of the community (3.1)

[SOURCE: ISO 37156:2020, 3.1.4]
4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction
4.1 General

Adopted at the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015, the Sendai

Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) is an agreement that provides communities with

concrete actions to protect themselves from the risk of disasters. Four priorities for actions are

identified in the SFDRR:
— understanding disaster risk,
— strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk,
— investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience,

— enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” a term that

emerged during the SFDRR which refers to the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase.

The SFDRR identifies the need to incorporate the use of technologies that can collect information and

assist in disaster risk governance at various disaster phases. “In order to reduce disaster risk, there is

a need to address existing challenges and prepare for future ones by focusing on monitoring, assessing

and understanding disaster risk and sharing such information and on how it is created; strengthening

disaster risk governance and coordination across relevant institutions and sectors and the full and

meaningful participation of relevant stakeholders at appropriate levels; investing in the economic,

social, health, cultural and educational resilience of persons, communities and countries and the

environment, as well as through technology and research; and enhancing multi-hazard early warning

systems, preparedness, response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. To complement national

action and capacity, there is a need to enhance international cooperation between developed and

developing countries and between States and international organizations" (SFDRR P.11).

By investing in these technologies, the SFDRR indicates that smart community infrastructure for

disaster risk reduction can lead to the reduction of casualties and damages during a disaster event

strengthen the resilience of the community’s livelihoods. “Public and private investment in disaster risk

prevention and reduction through structural and non-structural measures are essential to enhance the

economic, social, health and cultural resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets, as

well as the environment. These can be drivers of innovation, growth and job creation. Such measures

are cost-effective and instrumental to save lives, prevent and reduce losses and ensure effective

recovery and rehabilitation" (SFDRR P.18).

The importance of standardization is highlighted in the SFDRR. “Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-

resilient public and private investments, particularly through structural, non-structural and functional

disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical facilities, in particular schools and hospitals

and physical infrastructures; building better from the start to withstand hazards through proper

design and construction, including the use of the principles of universal design and the standardization

of building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing a culture of maintenance; and taking into

account economic, social, structural, technological and environmental impact assessments" (SFDRR

P.19). “Promoting the further development and dissemination of instruments, such as standards,

codes, operational guides and other guidance instruments, to support coordinated action in disaster

preparedness and response and facilitate information sharing on lessons learned and best practices for

policy practice and post-disaster reconstruction programmes" (SFDRR P.22).
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)

Through the creation of standards, this document hopes to disseminate information on global best

practices which can lead to the sharing and exchange of information between communities and

countries. “Promoting the further development of and investment in effective, nationally compatible,

regional multi-hazard early warning mechanisms, where relevant, in line with the Global Framework

for Climate Services, and facilitate the sharing and exchange of information across all countries (SFDRR

P.22). Promoting cooperation between academic, scientific and research entities and networks and the

private sector to develop new products and services to help to reduce disaster risk, in particular those

that would assist developing countries and their specific challenges (SFDRR P.20), and to disseminate

and share good practices internationally" (SFDRR P.16).

In order to guide the survey to identify global best practices in regard to smart community

infrastructure for disaster risk reduction, this document identifies key themes identified within the

SFDRR.
4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning

Disasters have demonstrated that the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase, which needs

to be prepared ahead of a disaster, is a critical opportunity to “Build Back Better”, including through

integrating disaster risk reduction into development measures, making nations and communities

resilient to disasters (SFDRR P.21). However, addressing underlying disaster risk factors through

disaster risk-informed public and private investments is more cost-effective than primary reliance

on post-disaster response and recovery, and contributes to sustainable development (SFDRR P.13).

To encourage the establishment of necessary mechanisms and incentives to ensure high levels of

compliance with the existing safety-enhancing provisions of sectoral laws and regulations, including

those addressing land use and urban planning, building codes, environmental and resource management

and health and safety standards, and update them, where needed, to ensure an adequate focus on

disaster risk management (SFDRR P.17). To apply risk information in all its dimensions of vulnerability,

capacity and exposure of persons, communities, countries and assets, as well as hazard characteristics,

to develop and implement disaster risk reduction policies (SFDRR P.15).
4.3 Disaster research

Promoting investments in innovation and technology development in long-term, multi-hazard and

solution-driven research in disaster risk management to address gaps, obstacles, interdependencies

and social, economic, educational and environmental challenges and disaster risks (SFDRR P.15).

Enhancing the development and dissemination of science-based methodologies and tools to record and

share disaster losses and relevant disaggregated data and statistics, as well as to strengthen disaster

risk modelling, assessment, mapping, monitoring and multi-hazard early warning systems (SFDRR

P.16).
4.4 Safer infrastructure

Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-resilient public and private investments, particularly through

structural, non-structural and functional disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical

facilities, in particular schools and hospitals and physical infrastructures; building better from the

start to withstand hazards through proper design and construction, including the use of the principles

of universal design and the standardization of building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing

a culture of maintenance; and taking into account economic, social, structural, technological and

environmental impact assessments (SFDRR P.19).
4.5 Human resource development

Building the knowledge of government officials at all levels, civil society, communities and volunteers,

as well as the private sector, through sharing experiences, lessons learned, good practices and

training and education on disaster risk reduction, including the use of existing training and education

mechanisms and peer learning (SFDRR P.15).
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)

Training the existing workforce and voluntary workers in disaster response and strengthen technical

and logistical capacities to ensure better response in emergencies (SFDRR P.21).
4.6 Stockpiling

Establishing community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary

materials to implement rescue and relief activities (SFDRR P.21).
4.7 Securing evacuation support

Strengthening the capacity of local authorities to evacuate persons living in disaster-prone areas

(SFDRR P.22).
4.8 Securing evacuation facilities

Promoting regular disaster preparedness, response and recovery exercises, including evacuation

drills, training and the establishment of area-based support systems, with a view to ensuring rapid and

effective response to disasters and related displacement, including access to safe shelter, essential food

and non-food relief supplies, as appropriate to local needs (SFDRR P.21).
4.9 Procurement and supply of goo
...

ISO/TR 6030:2022 Deleted: DTR
Deleted: 2021
ISO TC 268/SC 1/WG 6
Date: 2022-05
Secretariat: JISC

Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction – Survey results and gap analysis

Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes – Réduction des risques de catastrophes – Résultats d'enq

uête et analyse des écarts
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: #####-#:####(X
© ISO 2022
Deleted: 20XX

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part

of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or

mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written

permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body

in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org Deleted: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
Deleted: 2 © ISO #### – All rights reserved¶
ii © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................... iv

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... v

1 Scope...........................................................................................................................................................1

2 Normative references ...........................................................................................................................1

3 Terms and definitions ..........................................................................................................................1

4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction ...........................................................3

4.1 General ......................................................................................................................................................3

4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning .....................................................................................................4

4.3 Disaster research ...................................................................................................................................4

4.4 Safer infrastructure ..............................................................................................................................5

4.5 Human resource development .........................................................................................................5

4.6 Stockpiling ................................................................................................................................................5

4.7 Securing evacuation support .............................................................................................................5

4.8 Securing evacuation facilities ............................................................................................................5

4.9 Procurement and supply of goods ...................................................................................................5

4.10 Rescue, emergency and firefighting ................................................................................................5

4.11 Medical activities ...................................................................................................................................6

4.12 Health (physical and mental) ............................................................................................................6

4.13 Voluntary support .................................................................................................................................6

4.14 Epidemic prevention ............................................................................................................................6

4.15 Securing transportation routes ........................................................................................................6

4.16 Securing communication means and lifelines .............................................................................6

4.17 Livelihood recovery ..............................................................................................................................6

4.18 Recovery planning .................................................................................................................................7

4.19 Recovery action ......................................................................................................................................7

4.20 Collection and transmission of observation data ......................................................................7

4.21 Collection and disseminating disaster information ..................................................................7

5 Existing practices and documents relevant to disaster risk reduction..............................7

5.1 General ......................................................................................................................................................7

5.2 Summary of document search ..................................................................................................................8

5.3 Survey design .............................................................................................................................................. 10

5.4 Specific examples of global initiatives ............................................................................................... 11

5.5 Issues landscape .................................................................................................................................. 16

5.6 Solution landscape ............................................................................................................................. 23

5.7 Common areas of function ............................................................................................................... 24

6 Gap analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 25

6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 25

6.2 Gap analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 25

6.2.1 Gap analysis by community infrastructure functions ........................................................... 25

6.2.2 Gap analysis by hazard types and infrastructure types ........................................................ 29

6.3 Discussion on the possible areas for actions by standardization bodies .............................. 31

Annex A (Informative) Fifty examples of global smart community infrastructures for

disaster risk reduction ..................................................................................................................... 35

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 42

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: #####-#:####(X
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World

Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,

Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Deleted: 4 © ISO #### – All rights reserved¶
iv © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction

Over the last decade, global communities have made great progress towards reducing disaster risk

through strengthening resilience against natural hazards. However, in addition to geological hazards,

ongoing climate changes can exacerbate existing hydrometeorological hazard risks by increasing the

frequency and intensity of these hazards, in either unprecedented combinations and/or unexpected

locations. As a result, more communities and assets can be exposed to these hazards, leading to greater

damage by disasters.

In order to protect communities against natural hazard risks, infrastructures can play a key role in

strengthening resilience. Critical infrastructures that communities rely on, such as energy, information

and communication technologies (ICT), transportation, waste and water, and other infrastructures affect Deleted: communications

vital community functions such as livelihoods, medical activities, financial services. This results in an

Deleted: , among others.

increasing cost of disasters for all sectors of the community whether it is governments, businesses, and

individuals. These costs include not only direct costs but also indirect ones such as costs from flow-on

effects from disasters. Through the implementation of infrastructure that can strengthen resilience,

communities can recover from the impacts of disasters quickly and effectively.

The demand for smart community infrastructures, as scalable and integrable products, will continue to

grow in the decades ahead. However, it is imperative that such infrastructures can also be designed in a Deleted: could

way that reduces disaster risk and strengthens disaster resilience. Through an analysis of existing

documents on smart community infrastructure for disaster risk reduction and a survey of global

examples, this document is intended to identify existing gaps in the implementation of smart community Deleted: report

infrastructure for disaster risk reduction, and to identify topics for potential areas in the standardization

of smart community infrastructures for disaster risk reduction. Through the accumulation of global best

practices, this document identifies areas for potential standardization, which includes but is not limited Deleted: report

to, the strengthening of disaster risk reduction technologies utilized in critical infrastructures such as

energy, waste and water, transportation, ICT, and the built environment. This document seeks to provide Deleted: The technical report

the foundation for future standardization deliverables which promote the interoperability of disaster risk

Deleted: promotes
reduction technologies globally.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction –
Survey results and gap analysis
1 Scope

This document identifies existing global smart community infrastructures that enhance disaster risk

Deleted: infrastructure

reduction, the key purposes served by these global examples, gaps in coverage, and the need for

Deleted: enhances

standardization activities, which establishes the basis for the next steps for standardization.

This document is intended to be a basis for the future standardization of smart community

infrastructures for disaster risk reduction through the identification of areas for potential

standardization. This includes, but is not limited to, infrastructures related to energy, waste and water,

transportation, information and communication technologies (ICT), and the general built environment. Deleted: communications technology,

It does not address specifications or requirements already covered by other relevant international

Deleted: This document
standards.
Deleted: TCs, specifically, ISO TC 292 and IEC SyC Smart
Cities. Additionally, the

This document primarily addresses disasters caused by natural hazards, such as geological and

hydrometeorological hazards, and does not focus on human-induced disasters such as terrorism or

biological hazards such as pandemics.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: Deleted: terminological

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp Deleted: http:// www .iso .org/ obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/ Deleted: http:// www .electropedia .org/

3.1
community

group of people with an arrangement of responsibilities, activities and relationships

Note 1 to entry: In many, but not all, contexts, a community has a defined geographical boundary.

Note 2 to entry: A city is a type of community.
[SOURCE: ISO 37120:2018, 3.3]
3.2
community infrastructure

systems of facilities, equipment and services that support the operations and activities of communities

Note 1 to entry: Such community infrastructures include, but are not limited to, energy, water, transportation, waste

and information and communication technologies (ICT).
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 6
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: DTR
Deleted: 2021
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.6.1]
3.3
critical infrastructure

physical structures, facilities, networks and other assets which provide services that are essential to the

social and economic functioning of a community (3.1) or society

Note 1 to entry: Examples of critical infrastructure can include, but are not limited to, power generation,

transmission and distribution, water treatment, distribution and drainage, wastewater and stormwater

infrastructure, transportation, gas supply and distribution, telecommunications infrastructure, educational

facilities, hospitals and other health facilities.
[SOURCE: ISO 37123: 2019, 3.1]
3.4
disaster

serious disruption to a city or community (3.1) due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of

exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to human, material, economic and/or environmental losses

and impacts

Note 1 to entry: Disasters can be frequent or infrequent, depending on the probability of occurrence and the return

period of the relevant hazard (3.5). A slow-onset disaster is one that emerges gradually over time, for example

through drought, desertification, sea level rise, subsidence or epidemic disease. A sudden-onset disaster is one

triggered by a hazardous event that emerges quickly or unexpectedly, often associated with earthquakes, volcanic

eruptions, flash floods, chemical explosions, critical infrastructure (3.3) failures or transport accidents.

[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.2]
3.5
hazard

phenomenon, human activity or process that can cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,

property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation

Note 1 to entry: Hazards include biological, environmental, geological, hydrometeorological and technological

processes and phenomena. Biological hazards include pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bioactive substances

(e.g. bacteria, viruses, parasites, venomous wildlife and insects, poisonous plants, mosquitoes carrying disease-

causing agents). Environmental hazards can be chemical, natural, radiological or biological, and are created by

environmental degradation, physical or chemical pollution in the air, water and soil. However, many of the

processes and phenomena that fall into this category can be “drivers” of hazard and risk rather than hazards

themselves (e.g. soil degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, sea level rise). With respect to drinking water,

‘hazard’ can be understood as a microbiological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that causes harm to human

health. Geological or geophysical hazards originate from internal earth processes (e.g. earthquakes, volcanic

activity, landslides, rockslides, mud flows). Hydrometeorological hazards are of atmospheric, hydrological or

oceanographic origin (e.g. cyclones, typhoons, hurricanes, floods, drought, heatwaves, cold spells, and coastal storm

surges). Hydrometeorological conditions can also be a factor in other hazards such as landslides, wildland fires and

epidemics. Technological hazards originate from industrial or technological conditions, dangerous procedures,

infrastructure failures or specific human activities (e.g. industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic waste, dam

failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, chemical spills).
Deleted: )
[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.3]
3.6
resilience
ability to absorb and adapt in a changing environment
Deleted: © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 7¶
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 7
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: DTR
Deleted: 2021

Note 1 to entry: In the context of urban resilience the ability to absorb and adapt to a changing environment is

determined by the collective capacity to anticipate, prepare and respond to threats and opportunities by each

individual component of an urban system.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.206]
3.7
smart community infrastructure

community infrastructure (3.2) with enhanced technological performance that is designed, operated and

maintained to contribute to sustainable development and resilience (3.6) of the community (3.1)

[SOURCE: ISO 37156:2020, 3.1.4]
4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction
4.1 General

Adopted at the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015, the Sendai

Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) is an agreement that provides communities with

concrete actions to protect themselves from the risk of disasters. Four priorities for actions are identified

in the SFDRR: Deleted: Understanding
— understanding disaster risk,
— strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk,
— investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience, Deleted: and

— enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” a term that

emerged during the SFDRR which refers to the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase.

The SFDRR identifies the need to incorporate the use of technologies that can collect information and

Deleted: could

assist in disaster risk governance at various disaster phases. “In order to reduce disaster risk, there is a

need to address existing challenges and prepare for future ones by focusing on monitoring, assessing and

understanding disaster risk and sharing such information and on how it is created; strengthening disaster

risk governance and coordination across relevant institutions and sectors and the full and meaningful

participation of relevant stakeholders at appropriate levels; investing in the economic, social, health,

cultural and educational resilience of persons, communities and countries and the environment, as well

as through technology and research; and enhancing multi-hazard early warning systems, preparedness,

response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. To complement national action and capacity, there

is a need to enhance international cooperation between developed and developing countries and

between States and international organizations" (SFDRR P.11). Deleted: .
Deleted: )”.

By investing in these technologies, the SFDRR indicates that smart community infrastructure for disaster

risk reduction can lead to the reduction of casualties and damages during a disaster event strengthen the

resilience of the community’s livelihoods. “Public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and

Deleted: :

reduction through structural and non-structural measures are essential to enhance the economic, social,

health and cultural resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets, as well as the

environment. These can be drivers of innovation, growth and job creation. Such measures are cost-

effective and instrumental to save lives, prevent and reduce losses and ensure effective recovery and

rehabilitation" (SFDRR P.18). Deleted: .
Deleted: )”.

The importance of standardization is highlighted in the SFDRR. “Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-

resilient public and private investments, particularly through structural, non-structural and functional

disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical facilities, in particular schools and hospitals

and physical infrastructures; building better from the start to withstand hazards through proper design

Deleted: 8 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved¶
8 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: DTR
Deleted: 2021

and construction, including the use of the principles of universal design and the standardization of

building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing a culture of maintenance; and taking into

account economic, social, structural, technological and environmental impact assessments" (SFDRR

Deleted: .

P.19). “Promoting the further development and dissemination of instruments, such as standards, codes,

Deleted: )”.

operational guides and other guidance instruments, to support coordinated action in disaster

preparedness and response and facilitate information sharing on lessons learned and best practices for

policy practice and post-disaster reconstruction programmes" (SFDRR P.22). Deleted: .

Deleted: )”.

Through the creation of standards, this document hopes to disseminate information on global best

practices which can lead to the sharing and exchange of information between communities and countries. Deleted: ,

“Promoting the further development of and investment in effective, nationally compatible, regional multi-

hazard early warning mechanisms, where relevant, in line with the Global Framework for Climate

Services, and facilitate the sharing and exchange of information across all countries (SFDRR P.22). Deleted: .

Promoting cooperation between academic, scientific and research entities and networks and the private

Deleted: ),

sector to develop new products and services to help to reduce disaster risk, in particular those that would

assist developing countries and their specific challenges (SFDRR P.20), and to disseminate and share

good practices internationally" (SFDRR P.16). Deleted: .
Deleted: )”.

In order to guide the survey to identify global best practices in regard to smart community infrastructure

for disaster risk reduction, this document identifies key themes identified within the SFDRR.

Deleted: report
4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning

Disasters have demonstrated that the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase, which needs to

be prepared ahead of a disaster, is a critical opportunity to “Build Back Better”, including through

integrating disaster risk reduction into development measures, making nations and communities

resilient to disasters (SFDRR P.21). However, addressing underlying disaster risk factors through

disaster risk-informed public and private investments is more cost-effective than primary reliance on

post-disaster response and recovery, and contributes to sustainable development (SFDRR P.13). To

encourage the establishment of necessary mechanisms and incentives to ensure high levels of compliance

with the existing safety-enhancing provisions of sectoral laws and regulations, including those addressing

land use and urban planning, building codes, environmental and resource management and health and

safety standards, and update them, where needed, to ensure an adequate focus on disaster risk

management (SFDRR P.17). To apply risk information in all its dimensions of vulnerability, capacity and

exposure of persons, communities, countries and assets, as well as hazard characteristics, to develop and

implement disaster risk reduction policies (SFDRR P.15).
4.3 Disaster research

Promoting investments in innovation and technology development in long-term, multi-hazard and

solution-driven research in disaster risk management to address gaps, obstacles, interdependencies and

social, economic, educational and environmental challenges and disaster risks (SFDRR P.15).

Enhancing the development and dissemination of science-based methodologies and tools to record and

share disaster losses and relevant disaggregated data and statistics, as well as to strengthen disaster risk

modelling, assessment, mapping, monitoring and multi-hazard early warning systems (SFDRR P.16).

4.4 Safer infrastructure

Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-resilient public and private investments, particularly through

structural, non-structural and functional disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical

facilities, in particular schools and hospitals and physical infrastructures; building better from the start

to withstand hazards through proper design and construction, including the use of the principles of

universal design and the standardization of building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing a

culture of maintenance; and taking into account economic, social, structural, technological and

environmental impact assessments (SFDRR P.19).
Deleted: © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 9¶
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 9
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: DTR
Deleted: 2021
4.5 Human resource development

Building the knowledge of government officials at all levels, civil society, communities and volunteers, as

well as the private sector, through sharing experiences, lessons learned, good practices and training and

education on disaster risk reduction, including the use of existing training and education mechanisms

and peer learning (SFDRR P.15).

Training the existing workforce and voluntary workers in disaster response and strengthen technical and

logistical capacities to ensure better response in emergencies (SFDRR P.21).
4.6 Stockpiling

Establishing community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary

materials to implement rescue and relief activities (SFDRR P.21).
4.7 Securing evacuation support

Strengthening the capacity of local authorities to evacuate persons living in disaster-prone areas (SFDRR

P.22).
4.8 Securing evacuation facilities

Promoting regular disaster preparedness, response and recovery exercises, including evacuation drills,

training and the establishment of area-based support systems, with a view to ensuring rapid and effective

response to disasters and related displacement, including access to safe shelter, essential food and non-

food relief supplies, as appropriate to local needs (SFDRR P.21).
4.9 Procurement and supply of goods

Increasing business resilience and protection of livelihoods and productive assets throughout the supply

chains, ensure continuity of services and integrate disaster risk management into business models and

practices (SFDRR P.20).
4.10 Rescue, emergency and firefighting

Establishing community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary

materials to implement rescue and relief activities; To adopt public policies and actions that support the

role of public service workers to establish or strengthen coordination and funding mechanisms and

procedures for relief assistance and plan and prepare for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction; To

train the existing workforce and voluntary workers in disaster response and stre
...