ISO/TS 14907-1:2010
(Main)Electronic fee collection — Test procedures for user and fixed equipment — Part 1: Description of test procedures
Electronic fee collection — Test procedures for user and fixed equipment — Part 1: Description of test procedures
ISO/TS 14907-1:2010 specifies the test procedures of EFC road-side equipment (RSE) and on-board equipment (OBE) with regard to the conformance to standards and requirements for type approval and acceptance testing which is within the realm of EFC application specifically. ISO/TS 14907-1:2010 is restricted to systems operating within the radio emission, EMC regulations, traffic and other regulations of the countries in which they are operated and it is therefore a requirement that all required equipment approvals from an authenticated and accredited test house have been obtained in order to claim compliance. ISO/TS 14907-1:2010 identifies a set of suitable parameter and provides test procedures to enable the proof of a complete EFC-system as well as components of an EFC-system e.g. OBE related to the defined requirements of an application. The defined parameter and tests are assigned to the following groups of parameters: — functionality; — quality; — referenced pre-tests. ISO/TS 14907-1:2010 describes procedures, methods and tools, and a test plan which shows the relation between all tests and the sequence of these tests. It lists all tests that are required to measure the performance of EFC equipment. It describes which EFC-equipment is covered by the test procedures; the values of the parameters to be tested are not included. It also describes how the tests are to be performed, and which tools and pre-requisites are necessary before this series of tests can be undertaken. It is assumed that the security of the system is inherent in the communications and EFC functionality tests, therefore they are not addressed here. All tests in ISO/TS 14907-1:2010 provide instructions to evaluate the test results. The test procedures can be used for prototype testing, type approvals, test of installations and periodic inspections. ISO/TS 14907-1:2010 defines only the test and test procedures, not the benchmark figures that these are to be measured against. EFC-systems for DSRC consist, in principle, of a group of technical components, which in combination fulfil the functions required for the collection of fees by electronic automatic means. These components comprise all, or most of, the following: — on-board equipment (OBE) within a vehicle; — on-board unit containing the communications and computing sub-functions; — optional integrated circuit card which may carry electronic money, service rights and other secured information; — communication between OBE and RSE based on DSRC; — equipment for the fee collection at the road-side (RSE) containing the communications and computing sub-functions; — equipment for the enforcement at the road-side; — central equipment for the administration and operation of the system. ISO/TS 14907-1:2010 relates solely to OBE and RSE and the DSRC interface between OBE and RSE including its functions to perform the fee collection. All the equipment used for enforcement (e.g. detection, classification, localization and registration) and central equipment are outside the scope of ISO/TS 14907-1:2010.
Perception du télépéage — Modes opératoires relatifs aux équipements embarqués et aux équipements fixes — Partie 1: Description des modes opératoires
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 14907-1
Second edition
2010-06-15
Road transport and traffic telematics —
Electronic fee collection — Test
procedures for user and fixed
equipment —
Part 1:
Description of test procedures
Télématique de la circulation et du transport routier — Perception du
télépéage — Modes opératoires relatifs aux équipements embarqués et
aux équipements fixes —
Partie 1: Description des modes opératoires
Reference number
ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.3
3 Terms and definitions .3
4 Abbreviated terms.6
5 Test parameters and test procedures for EFC .7
5.1 Tests overview.7
5.2 Parameter overview.9
5.3 Test plan.15
5.4 Required documentation .15
6 Inspection and tests.16
6.1 Functionality tests.16
6.2 Quality tests .24
6.3 Referenced pre-tests.25
7 Evaluation and certification .26
7.1 Evaluation .26
7.2 Certification.26
Annex A (informative) How to use this Technical Specification.28
Annex B (informative) Traffic, vehicle and other performance tests.30
Annex C (informative) Reliability/availability tests.51
Annex D (informative) Classes of equipment.57
Annex E (informative) Examples for statistical calculations.59
Annex F (informative) Examples of referenced pre-tests based on European test procedures .63
Annex G (informative) Test methods and tools .69
Annex H (informative) Examples of EFC scenarios .76
Annex I (informative) Examples of referenced pre-tests based on Japanese test procedures.82
Bibliography.85
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
— an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
— an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 14907-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 278, Road transport and traffic telematics, in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee TC 204,
Intelligent transport systems, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 14907-1:2005), which has been technically
revised.
ISO/TS 14907 consists of the following parts, under the general title Electronic fee collection — Test
procedures for user and fixed equipment:
⎯ Part 1: Description of test procedures
⎯ Part 2: Conformance test for the onboard unit application interface
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
Introduction
For an electronic fee collection (EFC) system, approvals and tests are required to determine whether the
system (or individual components of the system) conforms to standards and application requirements, and to
enable parameters such as quality, availability and maintainability to be measured.
There are complete EFC-systems available, including documentation and approvals, and these could already
be in operation in some European countries. This part of ISO/TS 14907 provides a toolbox of tests and
procedures for the assessment and proof of such EFC-systems that they are suitable for specified EFC
applications under specific operational conditions. Dependent on a system to be tested, and based on the
available documentation and the status of previously performed approvals, this part of ISO/TS 14907 enables
parties involved, e.g. system provider, operators and test houses, to take into consideration already proven
references and to identify such parameters which still have to be tested according to the specified
applications.
At the time of publication of this part of ISO/TS 14907, the determination of common system requirements for
Europe (or any other region) has not been agreed. For this reason, this part of ISO/TS 14907 does not specify
any particular performance requirements, unless these are already determined elsewhere (such as safety or
radio regulations), but rather identifies the key parameters which will comprise such requirements. Where
reference to an existing test is available, this part of ISO/TS 14907 provides that reference. This part of
ISO/TS 14907 defines only the test and test procedures, not the benchmark figures that these are to be
measured against. Benchmark figures which the systems or components under test can be compared with
and validated against, might form the subject of a future part of this Technical Specification.
This part of ISO/TS 14907 is furthermore limited to automated (electronic) payment using a standardized
dedicated short-range communication (DSRC). The scope of this part of ISO/TS 14907 does not include
manual payment, conventional money transaction, nor payment by means of sticker, vignettes, tickets, or
magnetic-stripe cards, etc. The applications to which EFC is related are toll collection, road pricing, parking
and individual traffic information.
This part of ISO/TS 14907 enables groups of operators to determine common specific performance levels and
operating conditions, and to enable regional variation where appropriate. It provides operating and
environmental parameters (or classes of operating and environmental parameters) within which such systems
shall successfully function without impairing interoperability to ensure that the person who specified the
system can state their requirements clearly to implementation designers and integrators, and to enable the
measurement of the performance of such systems.
The following guidelines have been followed when selecting the test procedures for test parameters:
⎯ reference as far as possible to existing standardized test procedures;
⎯ focusing on those tests that are essential to ensure that EFC equipment is able to exchange information
and mutually use the exchanged information.
A brief guide describing how to use this part of ISO/TS 14907 is provided by Annex A.
Whilst this part of ISO/TS 14907 relates to general test procedures, certain provisions relate specifically to test
procedures for certification purposes. Many features of this part of ISO/TS 14907 are relevant internationally;
it is recognized that due to different regulatory requirements outside Europe, extension will be required to
make its applicability as comprehensive in non-EU countries, before this document can be reviewed for
acceptance as an International Standard.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
Road transport and traffic telematics — Electronic fee
collection — Test procedures for user and fixed equipment —
Part 1:
Description of test procedures
1 Scope
This part of ISO/TS 14907 specifies the test procedures of EFC roadside equipment (RSE) and on-board
equipment (OBE) with regard to the conformance to standards and requirements for type approval and
acceptance testing which is within the realm of EFC application specifically.
The scope of this part of ISO/TS 14907 is restricted to systems operating within the radio emission, EMC
regulations, traffic and other regulations of the countries in which they are operated and it is therefore a
requirement that all required equipment approvals from an authenticated and accredited test house have been
obtained in order to claim compliance.
This part of ISO/TS 14907 identifies a set of suitable parameters and provides test procedures to enable the
proof of a complete EFC-system as well as components of an EFC-system, e.g. OBE, related to the defined
requirements of an application. The defined parameter and tests are assigned to the following groups of
parameters:
⎯ functionality;
⎯ quality;
⎯ referenced pre-tests.
An overview of the tests and parameters provided by this part of ISO/TS 14907 is given in 5.1 and 5.2. OBU
conformance testing relative to ISO 14906 (EFC — Application interface definition for DSRC) is covered by
ISO/TS 14907-2.
This part of ISO/TS 14907 describes procedures, methods and tools, and a test plan which shows the relation
between all tests and the sequence of these tests. It lists all tests that are required to measure the
performance of EFC equipment. It describes which EFC equipment is covered by the test procedures; the
values of the parameters to be tested are not included. It also describes how the tests are to be performed,
and which tools and prerequisites are necessary before this series of tests can be undertaken. It is assumed
that the security of the system is inherent in the communications and EFC functionality tests, therefore they
are not addressed here. All tests in this part of ISO/TS 14907 provide instructions to evaluate the test results.
The test procedures can be used for prototype testing, type approvals, test of installations and periodic
inspections. Thus this Part 1 is a document that defines only the test and test procedures, not the benchmark
figures that these are to be measured against.
Related to a conceptual model of an EFC-system, this part of ISO/TS 14907 relates only to the equipment of
the user and the service provider as illustrated in Figure 1. Any other entities are outside the scope of this part
of ISO/TS 14907.
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
Management of the toll charging
environment
Charging of the
Provision of the
toll
toll service
Use of the
services
Figure 1 — Conceptual model of EFC
EFC-systems for DSRC consist, in principle, of a group of technical components, which in combination fulfil
the functions required for the collection of fees by electronic automatic means. These components comprise
all, or most, of the following:
⎯ on-board equipment (OBE) within a vehicle;
⎯ on-board unit containing the communications and computing sub-functions;
⎯ optional integrated circuit card which may carry electronic money, service rights and other secured
information;
⎯ communication between OBE and RSE based on DSRC;
⎯ equipment for the fee collection at the roadside (RSE) containing the communications and computing
sub-functions;
⎯ equipment for the enforcement at the roadside;
⎯ central equipment for the administration and operation of the system.
The scope of this part of ISO/TS 14907 relates solely to OBE and RSE and the DSRC interface between OBE
and RSE including its functions to perform the fee collection as illustrated by Figure 2. All the equipment used
for enforcement (e.g. detection, classification, localization and registration) and central equipment are outside
the scope of this part of ISO/TS 14907.
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DSRC link
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
Environmental,
RSE
EMC and traffic
conditions
ICC DSRC
OBU
(Optional)
OBE
In-vehicle environment
Influence of vehicle characteristics
Figure 2 — OBE/RSE interface and associated environments
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 65, General requirements for bodies operating product certification systems
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
acceptance testing
examination that a duly identified product, process or service is in conformity with the system specification
3.2
availability
probability that a unit at a random point in time within a given interval is in a certain degree of preparedness to
function or functioning under given running, environmental and maintenance conditions
3.3
certification
procedure by which a third party gives written assurance that a product, process or service conforms to
specified requirements
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
3.4
compatibility
suitability of products, processes or services for use together under specific conditions to fulfil relevant
requirements without causing unacceptable interactions
3.5
EFC equipment
equipment comprising roadside equipment (RSE) and on-board equipment (OBE)
3.6
EFC-system
system that enables electronic debiting, i.e. paying for a transport service, without any action from the user at
the moment of the use of the service
3.7
evaluation
systematic examination of the extent to which an entity (such as a system, process or product) or a unit is
capable of fulfilling specified requirements
3.8
field test
test that is performed under real-life conditions
3.9
functionality
group of parameters which are able to measure the performance of an EFC-system
NOTE Functionality parameters can include communication, application, and vehicle and traffic characteristics.
3.10
inspection
conformity evaluation by observation and judgement accompanied, as appropriate, by measurement, testing
or gauging
3.11
interoperability
ability of systems to provide services to, and accept services from, other systems and to use the services so
exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together
3.12
laboratory tests
tests which are performed in a laboratory under specified conditions
3.13
maintainability
ability of a device to be maintained or restored to specified conditions within a given period of time
3.14
on-board equipment
OBE
equipment located within the vehicle and supporting the information exchange across the interfaces of its sub-
units
NOTE OBE is composed of the on-board unit (OBU) and other sub-units whose presence is considered optional for
the execution of the DSRC interface
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
3.15
quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
[ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.1.1]
NOTE User requirements can include ease of use, safety, availability, reliability, sturdiness, economy and
environmental safety. Such requirements can be explicit or implicit.
3.16
quality of EFC equipment
quality of EFC equipment expressed by qualitative and quantitative means using a group of parameters such
as reliability, availability and maintainability
3.17
reliability
ability of a device to perform its intended function under given conditions of use for a specified period of time
3.18
roadside equipment
RSE
equipment located at a fixed position along the road transport network that enables communication and data
exchange with on-board equipment
3.19
simulation
representation of selected behavioural characteristics of one physical or abstract system by another system
[ISO 2382-1:1993, definition 01.06.01]
3.20
simulation of an EFC-system
simulation of a DSRC-based EFC-system, where selected behavioural characteristics of the EFC-system are
represented by a computer model to enable testing of the EFC equipment in a realistically modelled
environment
3.21
test
technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics of a given product,
process or device according to a specified procedure
3.22
test parameter
parameter that specifies one or more characteristics of an EFC-system
3.23
test procedure
specific procedure for performing a test
3.24
test status
indication of the nature of a test
NOTE A test labelled “conditional” is performed if, and only if, it is applicable to a feature identified in the specification
of the system or component, whereas a test labelled “basic” indicates a highly recommended test as part of a foundation
for meaningful evaluation. See 5.2.
3.25
test type
kind of test, such as inspection, simulation, lab test and field test
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
3.26
test house
third party (person or body) that is recognized as being independent of the parties involved, as concerns the
issue in question
3.27
type approval
approval based on conformity testing on the basis of one or more specimens of a product representative of
the production
3.28
validation
confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a specific
intended use are fulfilled
3.29
verification
confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been
fulfilled
4 Abbreviated terms
ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
DSRC dedicated short range communication
EFC electronic fee collection
EIRP equivalent isotropically radiated power
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ICC integrated circuit card
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IUT implementation under test
MMI man machine interface
MTBF mean time between failure
MTTF mean time to failure
MTTR mean time to repair
OBE onboard equipment
OBU onboard unit
RSE roadside equipment
SUT system under test
tbd to be determined
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
5 Test parameters and test procedures for EFC
5.1 Tests overview
5.1.1 Introduction
The test parameters for EFC-systems or components are categorized in three groups as follows:
a) functionality tests;
b) quality tests;
c) referenced pre-tests.
Figure 3 shows the general structure of all test parameter groups relevant for EFC-systems and those which
are relevant to this part of ISO/TS 14907. The test parameters for pre-tests are referenced from sources other
than this part of ISO/TS 14907. The specific test parameters that are ultimately deemed relevant for a specific
EFC-system shall be identified and listed in the test plan according to 5.3. The individual test plan for type
approval or acceptance testing shall take into account those pre-tests that have already been passed, i.e. for
EMC, DSRC and environment.
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
EFC equipment
Pre-tests
DSRC EMC Environment
Informative part of ISO/TS 14907-1
Communication
EFC application
Traffic Vehicle
Environmental
influences
Quality Functionality
Test result report
Scope of the normative part of ISO/TS 14907-1
Figure 3 — Test plan — Interdependencies
5.1.2 Functionality tests
The first category of tests is related to test procedures which aim to verify the functionality of the EFC
equipment.
The functionality tests are related to the essential test parameters that need to be applied to verify the
performance and capability of EFC equipment of different vendors and system operators.
The following parameters shall be tested:
⎯ communication;
⎯ EFC application;
⎯ influence of vehicle characteristics;
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Quality management
Availability
Reliability
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
⎯ influence of traffic characteristics;
⎯ environmental influences.
Communication and EFC application tests are described in 6.1. Tests related to vehicle and traffic
characteristics and environmental influences are listed in Annex B.
5.1.3 Quality tests
The second category of tests is related to procedures that aim to determine the quality of the EFC equipment.
These are relevant for both operators and users.
The following test parameters shall be tested:
⎯ quality management;
⎯ reliability;
⎯ availability.
For some of these test parameters, there are some existing test procedures available, which are referenced.
These tests are described in 6.2 and Annex C.
5.1.4 Referenced pre-tests
The third category of tests is related to test parameters which are fundamental for the performance of EFC
equipment. The specific parameters and requirements are not within the scope of this part of ISO/TS 14907.
The parameters that are relevant can be assigned to the following groups:
⎯ DSRC;
⎯ EMC;
⎯ environment.
5.2 Parameter overview
Tables 1 to 3 provide a comprehensive list of the parameters that are relevant for type approval or acceptance
testing of a complete EFC-system, as well as components of an EFC-system. The tables are divided
according to the subjects of 5.1.2, 5.1.3 and 5.1.4, namely functionality, quality and referenced pre-tests. The
subclause in which the tests are described or referenced is shown. An indication as to the nature of these
tests (basic or conditional) is provided as not all tests are relevant to all operators and their specific operating
situations and environment.
As used in Tables 1 to 3,
⎯ “basic” means that the identified tests are highly recommended as part of a foundation for meaningful
evaluation, and
⎯ “conditional” means that the test shall be performed if, and only if, it is applicable to a feature identified in
the specification of the system or component under evaluation, for example performing the lane changing
test (T6) if the RSE is characterized as multilane.
Table 1 provides an overview of the parameters for which tests are defined in this part of ISO/TS 14907 to
measure the performance and assess the level of conformance of an EFC-system or components under test.
Table 2 provides a list of the quality tests.
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
Table 3 provides a list of parameters that are necessary for pre-tests and whose performance and
conformance are tested by reference to existing standards or Technical Specifications.
NOTE The tests have been categorized into inspection tests, laboratory tests, simulation tests, and field tests. The
appropriate test or types of tests are indicated, in the following tables, for each parameter. It is not expected that all the
named types of tests for a parameter will be performed on that parameter. Where a set of appropriate tools is available to
a test house it is up to the test house to decide which type of test is most appropriate to meet its specific remit.
Where a particular category of test shall be performed to conform to this part of ISO/TS 14907, the test is
indicated in the following tables with a “p”. Where a particular category of test is optional, this is indicated with
an “o”.
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ISO/TS 14907-1:2010(E)
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Table 1 — Functionality
Applicable test type
Tests Location Test status
(p = shall be performed, o = optional)
Basic
...
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