SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003

• Abstract:

  To study and to specify the additional requirements for circularly polarised antennas for MP applications, operating in the frequency band 1 to 11 GHz.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2003
• ICS: 33.060.30 - Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems
• ICS: 33.120.40 - Aerials
• Technical Committee: SS EIT - Technical Board for the electrotechnical, information technology and telecommunications fields
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Due Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Ref Project: ETSI EN 302 078 V1.1.1 (2003-03) - Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint antennas; Circularly polarized antennas for multipoint fixed radio systems in the 1 GHz to 11 GHz band

SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 is the Slovenian adoption of ETSI EN 302 078 V1.1.1 for circularly polarized fixed beam antennas used in multipoint fixed radio systems in the 1 GHz to 11 GHz band. It specifies the essential electrical requirements for central station, repeater station and terminal station antennas, so designers, suppliers, test labs and buyers can define antenna performance for multipoint radio links and frequency coordination.

What does SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 specify?

SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 specifies the electrical requirements for circularly polarized fixed beam antennas used with Multipoint (MP) systems in the 1 GHz to 11 GHz band. It covers antennas for Central Station (CS), Repeater Station (RS) and Terminal Station (TS) use, and it focuses on the antenna patterns and gains that matter for system planning and coordination.

The document excludes electronically steerable antennas and linearly polarized antennas. It also allows the Regulatory Authority to impose tighter requirements where needed for spectrum use.

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Informative antenna characteristics such as environment, stability, connectors, VSWR, isolation, labelling and Passive InterModulation (PIM) guidance
Annex B	Bibliography

The main structure is Clause 1 scope, Clause 2 references, Clause 3 definitions/symbols/abbreviations, Clause 4 frequency bands, Clause 5 antenna types and classes, Clause 6 electrical characteristics, and Clause 7 conformance tests.

What are the key requirements of SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003?

SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 sets pattern envelopes and gain limits for defined antenna classes, and the practical effect is that the supplied antenna must fit the class it is declared as. The antenna type, class, operating frequency range and mid-band gain all matter together.

• Clause 4 divides the 1 GHz to 11 GHz band into four ranges. This matters because the allowed patterns and classes change by range, so an antenna must be matched to the intended band.
• Clause 5 defines the antenna families: CS and RS may be omni-directional, sectored or directional, while TS antennas are directional. This matters because the system role determines which pattern template applies.
• Clause 6 requires a 0° reference direction for each antenna, and all radiation characteristics are referenced to it. This matters in testing and installation because pattern measurements must use the declared reference.
• Clause 6.1 defines TS Radiation Pattern Envelopes (RPE) for RHCP and LHCP antennas, with separate tables by frequency range and class. In practice, the antenna’s co-polar and cross-polar patterns must stay within the permitted envelope.
• Clause 6.1.2 gives a minimum TS boresight gain expression based on the centre frequency f0. This matters for link budget planning because the antenna must provide enough gain at boresight.
• Clause 6.2 defines CS sectored azimuth RPEs for sector widths from 15° to 180°, and the supplier declares the nominal sector angle. This matters because the pattern must match the coverage sector the network is built around.
• Clause 6.2.2 sets CS sectored minimum boresight gain as a function of sector angle. This matters because wider coverage comes with lower permitted gain.
• Clause 6.3 gives CS omni-directional limits, including nominal gain, azimuth ripple and cross-polar level. This matters for sites that need broad coverage without a sector antenna.
• Clause 6.4 and 6.5 cover elevation RPEs, tilt handling and radomes. If a radome is used, the antenna has to meet the limits with the radome in place.

What terms does SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 define?

SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 defines the vocabulary used to describe antenna behavior, test patterns and station roles.

• Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) - the limit curve the measured radiation pattern shall not exceed.
• boresight - the axis of the main beam of a directional antenna.
• co-polar pattern - the pattern measured with the reference antenna similarly polarized.
• cross-polar pattern - the pattern measured with the reference antenna in the opposite polarization sense.
• Half Power BeamWidth (HPBW) - the angle between the two directions 3 dB below the main beam peak.
• Central Station (CS) - the base station that communicates with many terminal stations, and sometimes repeater stations.
• Terminal Station (TS) - the remote station that communicates with a central station.
• Repeater Station (RS) - the radio station that connects via the air to the central station, terminal stations and other repeater stations.

Who uses SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003?

SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 is used by antenna manufacturers, radio system designers, test laboratories, network planners and purchasers of multipoint radio equipment. It is especially relevant when selecting antenna class, checking azimuth and elevation pattern performance, and agreeing practical items such as radomes, connectors, VSWR, isolation and PIM.

Regulators and operators use it when coordinating spectrum use for fixed radio systems in the 1 GHz to 11 GHz band.

Which standards are used with SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003?

SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 references several supporting standards:

• ETSI EN 301 126-3-2 - provides the conformance testing definitions, general requirements and test procedures.
• ETSI ETS 300 019-1-4 - gives environmental condition classification for stationary use at non-weatherprotected locations.
• SFS-EN 122150 - covers EIA flange coaxial connectors.
• IEC 60339-1 and IEC 60339-2 - cover rigid coaxial transmission lines and flange connectors.
• IEC 60169-1 - covers radio-frequency connectors and measuring methods.

What does the SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 document contain?

SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003 contains class templates, figures and tables that define how antenna radiation patterns are checked against limits. Tables 1 to 19 cover TS and CS azimuth pattern envelopes and gain limits across the frequency ranges, while Tables 20 to 22 cover elevation pattern envelopes.

It also includes Figure 1 on multipoint system architecture and Figures 2 to 7 for normalized pattern shapes and elevation limits. Clause 6 explains how radomes, tilt and polarization are treated, and Clause 7 points to the conformance test standard to use.

Annex A adds practical design guidance for environmental durability, beam stability, input connectors, nominal 50 Ω ports, VSWR, inter-port isolation, labelling and PIM. Annex B gives one bibliography item for related antenna guidance.

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint antennas; Circularly polarized antennas for multipoint fixed radio systems in the 1 GHz to 11 GHz band33.120.40AnteneAerials33.060.30Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski komunikacijski sistemiRadio relay and fixed satellite communications systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 078 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003en01-december-2003SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
ETSI ETSI EN 302 078 V1.1.1 (2003-03) 2
Reference DEN/TM-04134 Keywords antenna, CDMA, DFRS, DRRS, FDMA, multipoint, radio, RLL, TDMA, transmission ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
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Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: [e-mail] Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2003. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTM and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003

ETSI ETSI EN 302 078 V1.1.1 (2003-03) 3
Contents Intellectual Property Rights.4 Foreword.4 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 References.5 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations.5 3.1 Definitions.5 3.2 Symbols.7 3.3 Abbreviations.7 4 Frequency bands.7 5 Types of antennas.7 5.1 Antenna types.7 5.2 Antenna classifications.8 5.2.1 Central Station (CS) classes.8 5.2.2 Terminal Station (TS) classes.8 6 Electrical characteristics.9 6.1 Terminal Station (TS) antennas.9 6.1.1 TS Radiation Pattern Envelopes (RPE).9 6.1.1.1 Range 1 (1,0 GHz to 3,0 GHz).10 6.1.1.2 Range 2 (3,0 GHz to 5,9 GHz).11 6.1.1.3 Range 3 (5,9 GHz to 8,5 GHz).12 6.1.1.4 Range 4 (8,5 GHz to 11,0 GHz).13 6.1.2 Terminal Station (TS) minimum antenna boresight gain.14 6.2 Central Station (CS) sectored antennas.14 6.2.1 CS azimuth Radiation Pattern Envelopes (RPE), sectored.14 6.2.2 Minimum boresight gain, sectored.16 6.3 Central Station (CS) omni-directional antennas.17 6.4 Central Station (CS) omni and sectored elevation RPEs.17 6.4.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs.17 6.4.2 Asymmetric elevation patterns.18 6.5 Radomes.19 6.6 Antenna polarization.19 7 Conformance tests.19 Annex A (informative): Antenna characteristics.20 A.1 Mechanical characteristics.20 A.1.1 Environmental characteristics.20 A.1.2 Antenna stability.20 A.2 Antenna input connectors.20 A.3 VSWR at the input ports.21 A.4 Inter-port isolation.21 A.5 Antenna labelling.21 A.6 Passive InterModulation performance.21 Annex B (informative): Bibliography.22 History.23
ETSI ETSI EN 302 078 V1.1.1 (2003-03) 4
Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). All published ETSI deliverables shall include information which directs the reader to the above source of information. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Transmission and Multiplexing (TM). Antennas as components for radio relay systems may need to meet environmental, mechanical and electrical characteristics not covered by the present document, in order that the systems will operate as intended. Additional parameters and characteristics may be subject to agreement between the equipment purchaser and the supplier; these are considered and guidance is provided in annex A.
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 14 March 2003 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 June 2003 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
31 December 2003 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 2003
Introduction The purpose of the present document is to define the requirements for circularly polarized antennas used in conjunction with multipoint systems necessary to facilitate frequency co-ordination between services in the frequency band 1 GHz to 11 GHz. SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003

ETSI ETSI EN 302 078 V1.1.1 (2003-03) 5
1 Scope The present document specifies the essential electrical requirements for circular polarization fixed beam antennas to be utilized with Multipoint (MP) systems, including central station, repeater stations, and terminal station applications, operating in frequency bands from 1 GHz to 11 GHz. These systems use various multiple access schemes. Electronically steerable antennas, and linearly polarized antennas are not considered under the present document. Where circumstances merit, and after a consultation period with operators and manufacturers, the Regulatory Authority may impose the use of tighter requirements than the minimum values given in the present document, in order to maximize the use of scarce spectrum resources. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. [1] ETSI EN 301 126-3-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-2: Point-to-Multipoint antennas - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures". [2] ETSI ETS 300 019-1-4: "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-4: Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at non-weatherprotected locations". [3] SFS-EN 122150: "Sectional specification: Radio frequency coaxial connectors - Series EIA flange". [4] IEC 60339-1: "General purpose rigid coaxial transmission lines and their associated flange connectors. Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods". [5] IEC 60339-2: "General purpose rigid coaxial transmission lines and their associated flange connectors - Part 2: Detail specifications". [6] IEC 60169-1: "Radio-frequency connectors. Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods". 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: antenna: part of the transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves axial ratio: ratio of maximum to minimum power contained in the field components of the polarization ellipse boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003

ETSI ETSI EN 302 078 V1.1.1 (2003-03) 6
Central Station (CS): base station which communicates with many terminal stations, and in some cases repeater stations co-polar pattern: diagram representing the radiation pattern of a test antenna when the reference antenna is similarly polarized, scaled in dB relative to the peak measured antenna gain at the test frequency cross-polar pattern: diagram representing the radiation pattern of a test antenna when the reference antenna is polarized in the opposite sense, scaled in dB relative to the measured maximum co-polar pattern fixed beam: radiation pattern in use is fixed relative to a defined mechanical reference plane gain: ratio of the radiation intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power accepted by the antenna was radiated isotropically half power beamwidth: angle between the two directions at which the measured co-polar pattern is 3 dB below the value on the main beam axis input port(s): flange(s) or connector(s) through which access to the antenna is provided inter-port isolation: ratio in dB of the power level applied to one port of a multi-port antenna to the power level received in any other port of the same antenna as a function of frequency isotropic radiator: hypothetical, lossless antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions left hand (anticlockwise) polarized wave: elliptically - or circularly - polarized wave, in which the electric field vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a left-hand or anticlockwise direction main beam: radiation lobe containing the direction of maximum radiation main beam axis: direction for which the radiation intensity is maximum mechanical tilt: fixed angular shift in elevation of the antenna main beam axis by a change to the physical mounting radiation pattern: diagram relating power flux density at a constant distance from the antenna to the direction relative to the antenna main beam axis Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE): envelope below which the radiation pattern shall fit radome: cover of dielectric material, intended to protect an antenna from the effects of its physical environment. Repeater Station (RS): radio station providing the connection via the air to the central station, the terminal stations and other repeater stations NOTE: The repeater station may also provide the interfaces to the subscriber equipment if applicable. right hand (clockwise) polarized wave: elliptically - or circularly - polarized wave, in which the electric field vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a right-hand or clockwise direction sector angle: declared angle of coverage in azimuth of a sectored antenna, defined as 2α in EN 302 078 Terminal Station (TS): remote (out) station which communicates with a central station tilt: fixed, angular shift of the antenna main beam axis (boresight) in the elevation plane by either electrical, electronic or mechanical means zero degree reference direction: declared direction as reference to the antenna mechanical characteristics, used as reference for RPE SIST EN 302 078 V1.1.1:2003

ETSI ETSI EN 302 078 V1.1.1 (2003-03) 7
3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: dBiC Decibels relative to an isotropic circularly polarized source dBi Decibels relative to an isotropic radiator GHz Gigahertz MHz Megahertz α Alpha (= half the sector angle) f0 Nominal centre frequency of declared antenna operating range 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CS Central Station HPBW Half Power BeamWidth LHCP Left Hand Circular Polarization MP MultiPoint PIM Passive InterModulation P-MP Point-to-Multipoint RHCP Right Hand Circular Polarization RPE Radiation Pattern Envelope RS Repeater Station TS Terminal Station VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 4 Frequency bands For the purpose of the present document, the overall frequency bands 1 GHz to 11 GHz are divided into four ranges as follows: Range 1 1 GHz to 3 GHz Range 2 3 GHz to 5,9 GHz Range 3 5,9 GHz to 8,5 GHz Range 4 8,5 GHz to 11 GHz 5 Types of antennas 5.1 Antenna types The present document addresses fixed beam antennas used in the central (CS) and terminal (TS) stations including repeaters (RS). The antennas are used in a system which can generally be described as in figure 1. SIST EN
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