SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
(Main)Cranes - Safety - Tower cranes
Cranes - Safety - Tower cranes
This European Standard specifies safety requirements:
- for tower cranes and
- for climbing systems used with the tower cranes/masts of tower cranes for which they have been designed. They are classified as external or internal systems.
This European Standard applies to tower cranes for construction work, which are either erected by parts or self erecting cranes.
This European Standard is not applicable to mobile cranes, mobile harbour cranes, crawler cranes, slewing jib cranes, bridge and gantry cranes, offshore cranes, floating cranes, loader cranes, hand operated cranes or railway cranes.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to tower cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer. This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards (see Clause 4).
The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in Clause 4.
This European Standard does not cover hazards related to:
- the lifting of persons by the tower crane itself.
The requirements related to Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the specific hazards due to external influence on electrical equipment, potentially explosive atmospheres and ionising radiation are not covered by this European Standard.
This European Standard covers hazards related to the lifting of persons using a climbing system.
This European Standard is not applicable to tower cranes !and climbing systems" which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this European Standard.
Krane - Sicherheit - Turmdrehkrane
!Diese Europäische Norm legt die Sicherheitsanforderungen fest:
⎯ für Turmdrehkrane und
⎯ für Klettereinrichtungen, die bei Turmdrehkranen/Türmen von Turmdrehkranen verwendet werden, für die
sie konstruiert worden sind. Diese werden in externe und interne Systeme eingeteilt."
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Turmdrehkrane für den Baubetrieb, die entweder aus Teilen zusammengesetzt
werden oder Schnellmontagekrane sind.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Fahrzeugkrane, Hafenmobilkrane, Raupenkrane, Ausleger-Drehkrane,
Brücken- und Portalkrane, Offshore-Krane, Schwimmkrane, Ladekrane, handbetriebene Krane oder Eisenbahnkrane.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse,
die im Zusammenhang mit Turmdrehkranen auftreten, wenn diese bestimmungsgemäß und
unter den vom Hersteller vorgesehenen Bedingungen betrieben werden. Diese Europäische Norm legt die
angemessenen technischen Maßnahmen fest, mit denen die sich aus den signifikanten Gefährdungen
ergebenden Risiken ausgeschaltet oder verringert werden können (siehe Abschnitt 4).
Die in dieser Europäischen Norm behandelten signifikanten Gefährdungen sind in Abschnitt 4 angegeben.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt nicht die Gefährdungen, die mit Folgendem verbunden sind:
- dem Anheben von Personen durch den Kran.
gestrichener Text"
Die Anforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit (EMV), den spezifischen
Gefährdungen durch den äußeren Einfluss auf die elektrische Ausrüstung, den explosionsgefährdeten
Bereichen und der ionisierenden Strahlung werden von dieser Europäischen Norm nicht abgedeckt.
!Diese Europäische Norm behandelt Gefahren bezüglich des Hebens von Personen bei der Benutzung
einer Klettereinrichtung."
Diese Europäische Norm ist nicht auf Turmdrehkrane !und Klettereinrichtungen" anzuwenden, die vor
dem Datum der Veröffentlichung dieser Europäischen Norm durch CEN gefertigt worden sind.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Grues à tour
!La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions de sécurité pour :
— les grues à tour et
— les systèmes de télescopage utilisés avec les grues à tour et les mâts de grues à tour pour lesquels ils ont été
conçus. Ils se divisent en systèmes externe et interne."
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux grues à tour de chantier, à montage par éléments ou à montage
automatisé.
La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique pas aux grues mobiles, aux grues de port mobiles, aux grues sur
chenilles, aux grues à flèche orientable, aux portiques et ponts roulants, aux grues offshores, aux grues flottantes,
aux grues de chargement, aux appareils de levage à bras ou aux grues ferroviaires.
La présente Norme européenne traite de tous les phénomènes dangereux, situations et évènements dangereux
significatifs relatifs aux grues à tour, lorsque celles-ci sont utilisées pour l'usage prévu et dans les conditions prévues
par le fabricant. La présente Norme européenne spécifie les mesures techniques appropriées destinées à réduire ou
éliminer les phénomènes dangereux considérés comme étant significatifs (voir Article 4).
Les phénomènes dangereux significatifs couverts par la présente Norme européenne sont identifiés à l'Article 4.
La présente Norme européenne ne couvre pas les phénomènes dangereux relatifs :
— au levage de personne par la grue elle-même.
!texte supprimé"
Les prescriptions relatives à la compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM), les phénomènes dangereux spécifiques dus
aux influences extérieures sur l’équipement électrotechnique, aux atmosphères potentiellement explosives et aux
radiations ionisantes ne sont pas couvertes par la présente Norme européenne.
!La présente Norme européenne couvre les phénomènes dangereux liés au levage de personnes à l’aide de cages
de télescopage."
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Varnost - Stolpna dvigala
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Dvigala (žerjavi) - Varnost - Stolpna dvigalaKrane - Sicherheit - TurmdrehkraneAppareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Grues à tourCranes - Safety - Tower cranes53.020.20DvigalaCranesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14439:2006+A2:2009SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009en,fr01-julij-2009SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14439:2006+A2
May 2009 ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 14439:2006English Version
Cranes - Safety - Tower cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Sécurité - Grues à tour
Krane - Sicherheit - Turmdrehkrane This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 October 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 April 2009 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 7 March 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14439:2006+A2:2009: ESIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41Scope .52Normative references .53Terms and definitions .74List of significant hazards .75Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 105.1General . 105.2Design requirements on the load bearing structure . 105.3Design requirements for equipment . 115.4Design requirements for health and safety . 125.5Noise reduction . 216Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 216.1General . 216.2Method of verification . 216.3Fitness for purpose . 236.4Noise measurement . 237Information for use. 237.1General . 237.2Instructions handbook . 237.3Marking . 25Annex A (normative)
Stability requirements . 27Annex B (informative)
Requirements for the provision of anti-collision on tower crane . 28Annex C (normative)
Outside indicators on the crane . 30Annex D (normative)
Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 31Annex E (normative)
Noise test code . 34Annex F (normative)
!Climbing system" . 40Annex G (informative)
Marking - Example of layout . 47Annex H (informative)
Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 52Annex ZA (informative)
#Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC$ . 53Annex ZB (informative)
#Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC$ . 54Bibliography . 55 SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14439:2006+A2:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009 This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-04-14 and Amendment 2, approved by CEN on 2009-03-07. This document supersedes EN 14439:2006. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! " and # $. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). #For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.$ To select a suitable set of crane standards for a given application see !Annex H". NOTE Some of the standards listed are in preparation. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 4 Introduction !This is a harmonised European Standard to provide one means for tower cranes to conform to the relevant Essential Health and Safety Requirements of the Machinery Directive 98/37/EC modified." This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in !EN ISO 12100". The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for cranes that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope !This European Standard specifies safety requirements: for tower cranes and for climbing systems used with the tower cranes/masts of tower cranes for which they have been designed. They are classified as external or internal systems.". This European Standard applies to tower cranes for construction work, which are either erected by parts or self erecting cranes. This European Standard is not applicable to mobile cranes, mobile harbour cranes, crawler cranes, slewing jib cranes, bridge and gantry cranes, offshore cranes, floating cranes, loader cranes, hand operated cranes or railway cranes. This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to tower cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer. This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards (see Clause 4). The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in Clause 4. This European Standard does not cover hazards related to: the lifting of persons by the tower crane itself. !deleted text" The requirements related to Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the specific hazards due to external influence on electrical equipment, potentially explosive atmospheres and ionising radiation are not covered by this European Standard. !This European Standard covers hazards related to the lifting of persons using a climbing system." This European Standard is not applicable to tower cranes !and climbing systems" which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design EN 12077-2:1998, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices EN 12644-1:2001, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions EN 13135-1:2003, Cranes — Safety — Design — Requirements for equipment — Part 1: Electrotechnical equipment SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 6 EN 13135-2:2004, Cranes — Equipment — Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment EN 13557:2003, Cranes — Controls and control stations EN 13586:2004, Cranes — Access !EN 60204-32:1998", Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:1998) EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994) EN ISO 4871, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871:1996) EN ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995) EN ISO 11203, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level
(ISO 11203:1995) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) #EN ISO 13857, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)$ ISO 3864 (all parts), Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs !ISO 4306-1:2007", Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General ISO 4306-3:2003, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 3: Tower cranes ISO 7752-3, Cranes — Controls — Layout and characteristics — Part 3: Tower cranes ISO 8566-3, Cranes — Cabins — Part 3: Tower cranes ISO 13200, Cranes — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles DIN 15018-1, Cranes — Steel structures — Verification and analyses DIN 15018-2, Cranes — Steel structures — Principles of design and construction DIN 15019-1, Cranes — Stability for all cranes except non-rail mounted mobile cranes and except floating cranes FEM 1.001 (all parts), Rules for the design of hoisting appliances FEM 1.003:1995, Tower cranes — Graphical symbols FEM 1.005:2003, Recommendation for the calculation of tower crane structures in out-of service conditions SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003,
!ISO 4306-1:2007" and ISO 4306-3:2003 and the following apply. !NOTE 1"
Definitions are in alphabetical order for the English version only. !NOTE 2 Additional definitions for climbing systems are given in Annex F." 3.1 rated capacity load, having mass mNL, which is lifted by the crane and suspended from the fixed load-lifting attachment(s). Mass mNL is the sum of the pay load mPL and the non-fixed load-lifting attachment(s) mNA: mNL = mPL + mNA. The maximum net load that the crane is designed to lift for a given crane configuration and load location during normal operation. 3.2 tower crane slewing jib crane with the jib located at the top of a tower which stays approximately vertical in the working position. This power-driven appliance is equipped with means for raising and lowering suspended loads and for the movement of such loads by changing the radius, slewing and/or travelling of the complete appliance. NOTE 1 Certain appliances perform several, but not necessarily all of these movements. NOTE 2 The appliance can be installed in a fixed position or equipped with means for displacement or climbing. 4 List of significant hazards Table 1 contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. It also contains the corresponding cross-references to
EN ISO 12100, and the relevant clauses in this European Standard that are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards. !Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements N° Hazards Relevant clause(s) in this European Standard Hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events 1 Mechanical hazards due to machine parts or workpieces, e.g.:
– Shape 5.4.1
– Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.2, 5.3.2, F.2.2 1.1 Crushing hazard 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 5.4.4.2 1.2 Shearing hazard 5.4.3, F.2.4.1, F.2.4.5 1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.4.3 1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.4.3, 5.4.3.1 1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.4.3 1.6 Impact hazard 5.4.2, 5.4.1.7, 5.4.2.9, 5.4.3, F.2.4.3 SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 8 N° Hazards Relevant clause(s) in this European Standard 1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard (on cranes with hydraulic) 5.3.2, F.3.2 2 Electrical hazards due to:
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.3.1, F.2.3 2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact) 5.3.1, F.2.3 2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage 5.3.1 3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of persons with objects or materials with an extreme high or low temperature, by flames or explosions and also by the radiation of heat sources 5.4.1 3.2 Damage to health by hot or cold working environment 5.4.1, 5.4.1.8 4 Hazards generated by noise 5.5, 7.2.5, Annex E 4.1 Hearing loss 5.5, 7.2.5, Annex E 4.2 Interference with speech communication 5.5, 7.2.5, Annex E 7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and their constituent elements) processed or used by the machinery
7.2 Fire or explosion hazard 5.4.1 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design as, e.g. hazards from:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.4.4.3, F.2.4.4 8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm foot-leg anatomy
5.4.1, 5.4.1.3 8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment 5.4.4, 5.4.4.5.1, F.2.4.4 8.4 Inadequate local lighting 5.4.1, 5.4.5 8.6 Human error, human behaviour 5.4.1, 5.4.1.1, 5.4.1.2, 5.4.2, 5.4.6, F.2.4.1, F.2.4.3 8.7 Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 5.4.1, 5.4.1.3, F.2.4.2 8.8 Inadequate design or location of visual display unit 5.4.1, 5.4.1.2 10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed (or any malfunction) from:
10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system 5.4.1, 5.4.1.9, 5.4.2, 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2, F.2.4.3 10.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind etc.) 5.4.2.6, 7.2.6, F.2.2, F.2.4.3 10.5 Errors in software 5.3.1, F.2.3 10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities) 5.4.1, 5.4.2.4, 5.4.2.5, 5.4.2.6, 5.4.6 13 Failure of the power supply 5.3.1, F.2.3 14 Failure of the control circuit 5.3.1, F.2.3 16 Break-up during operation 5.2, 5.3.2, 5.4.2.8, 5.4.2.9, 5.4.3.2, SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 9 N° Hazards Relevant clause(s) in this European Standard F.2.2, F.2.4.3 17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 5.4.3.2 18 Loss of stability/overturning of machinery 5.2, 5.4.2, 5.4.2.3, 5.4.2.7, 5.4.2.8, 5.4.2.9 19 Slip, trip and fall of persons (related to machinery) 5.4.4, 5.4.4.2, 5.4.4.4, F.2.4.4 Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous event due to mobility 21 Linked to the work position (including driving station) on the machine
21.1 Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work position 5.4.4, F.2.4.4 21.3 Fire (flammability of cab, lack of extinguishing means)
5.4.1 21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work position: d) Break-up of parts rotating at high speed
5.4.3.1, 5.4.3.2, 5.4.4.1, 21.5 Insufficient visibility from the work positions 5.4.1, 5.4.1.4 21.6 Inadequate lighting 5.4.1 21.7 Inadequate seating 5.4.1 21.8 Noise at the work position 5.5, 7.1.4 21.10 Insufficient means for evacuation/emergency exit 5.4.1, 5.4.4 22 Due to the control system
22.1 Inadequate location of manual controls
5.3.1, 5.4.1, 5.4.1.2
22.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their mode of operation 5.3.1, 5.4.1, 5.4.1.2, F.2.4.2 23 From handling of the machine (lack of stability) 7.1, 7.1.3 25 From/to third persons
25.2 Drift of part away from its stopping position 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.4.2, F.2.3 25.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means 5.4.6, 7.3.2, F.4.2.2 Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous event due to lifting 27 Mechanical hazard and hazardous events
27.1 From load falls, collisions machine tipping caused by:
27.1.1 Lack of stability 5.2 27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – overturning moment exceeded F.2.4.3.1, F.2.4.3.2 27.1.4 Unexpected/unintended movement of the load 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.4.2, F.2.3 27.1.6 Collision of more the one machine 5.4.2.8 27.2 From access of persons to load support 7.2.6 27.3 From derailment 5.3.2 27.4 From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.2, 5.3.2, F.2.2 27.5 From inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.3.2 27.6 From inadequate selection of chains, ropes lifting and accessories and their inadequate integration into the machine 5.3.2.3 27.7 From lowering of load under control of friction brake 5.3.2 SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 10 N° Hazards Relevant clause(s) in this European Standard 27.8 From abnormal conditions of assembly/testing/use/maintenance 6.2, 6.3, F.2.4.1, F.3 28 Electrical hazards
28.1 From lightning 5.3.1 29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 Insufficient visibility from the driving position 5.4.1, 5.4.1.4 34 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to:
34.1 Inadequate mechanical strength – inadequate working coefficients F.2.2 34.3 Failing of controls in person carrier (function, priority) F.2.4.2 35 Failing of person from person carrier F.2.4.4 " 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 5.1 General Tower cranes shall be conform with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the tower crane shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for hazards relevant but not significant, which are not dealt with by this European Standard. !Additional requirements for climbing systems are given in Annex F." 5.2 Design requirements on the load bearing structure 5.2.1 General Calculation (proof of strength and stability proof) shall be done using: the current standards (FEM 1.001 or DIN 15018-1, DIN 15018-2 and DIN 15019-1); Annex A for stability during erection or dismantling; FEM 1.005 for out of service stability. NOTE EN 13001 can be used on trial. When the complete set of EN 13001 will be published and experience is available then WGP2 will revise EN 14439 to introduce its reference including the necessary adaptation for tower cranes. 5.2.2 Load effects 5.2.2.1 Load effects acting on tower crane during the crane's life may be determined by calculation or by experiment and shall reflect realistic unfavourable operating conditions and sequences of actions by the crane driver. 5.2.2.2 The loads, moments (bending and/or torsion) etc. may be derived from a rigid body kinetic model of the crane and the load models. NOTE 1 Whilst the resulting variations of rotation or travel speeds are in relatively good conformity with reality, the variations and instantaneous values of accelerations and resulting inner forces represent only mean values of the real SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 11 process. For this reason sudden alterations of this mean values have to be amplified by dynamic factors to estimate the real values, corresponding to the data as defined under standards given in 5.2.1. NOTE 2 Structural deformations are to be allowed for if they result in significant increases in stresses. Calculations shall be based on the assumption of a deformed system in a state of equilibrium (second order theory). The calculation may be made with an appropriate and recognised method e.g. FEM 1.001:1998, 3.5 and 9.11. 5.2.2.3 The group classification of a tower crane shall be in accordance with FEM 1.001, booklet 2: crane
at least A3; jib
at least E2. When calculation is done using other standards (see 5.2.1), an equivalent classification is required. 5.2.2.4 Wind forces shall be determined with an appropriate and recognised method e.g. F.E.M. 1.001. 5.2.2.5 For travel gears of tower cranes, a verification of the energy absorption capacity of the buffers and of the effect of the buffer forces on the supporting structure may be dispensed with, on condition that the rated travelling speed is less than 40 m/min and that limit switches are installed in addition to buffer stops. 5.3 Design requirements for equipment 5.3.1 Electrotechnical equipment The design requirements for electrotechnical equipment shall conform to EN 60204-32 and EN 13135-1. 5.3.2 Non-electrotechnical equipment: Design and selection of components and equipment 5.3.2.1 General The design requirements for non-electrotechnical equipment shall conform to EN 13135-2. 5.3.2.2 Mechanisms The mechanism group classifications in accordance with FEM 1.001:1998, booklet 2, Table T.2.1.3.4 shall be at least: hoisting winch or luffing gear M4; slewing gear
M5; trolley travelling mechanism
M3; travelling gear
M3; NOTE The mechanism used to change occasionally the position of the crane may be defined in group M2. Auxiliary winch only used for mounting and maintenance operations
M1. The mechanisms shall be calculated in accordance with FEM 1.001, booklet 4. SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 12 5.3.2.3 Ropes Selection and calculation of running and stationary ropes shall be carried out from the maximum tensile force in the rope in accordance with FEM 1.001, booklet 4. The influences of dynamic effects and friction losses have to be considered. The mechanism group classification in accordance with FEM 1.001, booklet 2 shall be at least: lifting or luffing ropes
M4; trolley travel ropes
M4, and M3 when rope braking is monitored (see 5.4.2.7); erection ropes
M3; stationary ropes
M3. 5.3.2.4 Rail wheels Rail wheels shall be determined with an appropriate and recognised method, e.g. with FEM 1.001, booklets 4 and 9. 5.4 Design requirements for health and safety 5.4.1 Controls and control stations 5.4.1.1 General The design requirements for controls and control stations shall conform to EN 13557 with the changes according to Table 2. SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 13 Table 2 — Design requirements for controls and control stations Subclause in EN 13557:2003 Topic Change Subclause in this European Standard 5.1.2 Symbols on controls for tower cranes completed by 5.4.1.2 5.1.3 Arrangement of the controls completed by 5.4.1.3 5.1.6 Unintended movement of a crane
No modification
EN 13557:2003 applies
5.2.1.2 Control station dimensions completed by 5.4.1.4 5.2.2.2.6 Means to clear external surfaces of windows completed by 5.4.1.5 5.2.2.3.1.4 Effective door aperture No modification
EN 13557:2003 applies
5.2.2.3.1.5 Effective hatch aperture completed by 5.4.1.6 5.2.2.3.1.6 Dimensions of the hatch in the floorcompleted by 5.4.1.7 5.2.2.6.2 Cabin climate completed by 5.4.1.8 C.3.1 Category according to EN 954-1 for cableless controls No modification (No particular category for tower cranes)
C.3.2 Recommended delay to stop all crane movements, when no valid frame has been correctly received completed by 5.4.1.9
NOTE When EN 13557 requests for specific requirements from particular cranes types standards, the answer is given even there is no modification. 5.4.1.2 For tower cranes the symbols according to FEM 1.003 are recommended. 5.4.1.3 The arrangement of the controls shall be in accordance with ISO 7752-3. 5.4.1.4 Control station dimensions shall conform to ISO 8566-3. 5.4.1.5 On tower cranes, windscreens wiper and washers shall be provided on the front cabin window. 5.4.1.6 The minimum dimensions for effective hatch apertures shall be 0,55 m × 0,55 m. On self erecting cranes the hatch: can be under the driver seat, only if a other solution isn’t possible; can have its dimensions reduced to 0,50 m × 0,50 m when necessary due to the size of the crane. 5.4.1.7 For self-erecting tower cranes, the dimensions of the standing area shall be 0,2 m × 0,6 m minimum. 5.4.1.8 It shall be possible to obtain an operative temperature of more than 18 °C with an out temperature from –10 °C within 30 min. The cabin shall be in a condition to protect the driver from draughts when the door and windows are closed. SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 14 The cabin shall be equipped with a system which allows entrance to outside air. 5.4.1.9 The required time in C.3.2 of EN 13557:2003 is 1 s. 5.4.2 Limiting and indicating devices 5.4.2.1 General The design requirements for limiting and indicating devices shall conform to EN 12077-2 with the changes according to Table 3. Table 3 — Design requirement for limiting and indicating devices Subclause in EN 12077-2: 1998 Topic Change Subclause in this European Standard 5.2.9 Categories in accordance with EN 954-1:1996replaced by 5.4.2.2 5.3 Rated capacity limiters and indicators completed by 5.4.2.3 5.4.1.2 Rated capacity limiters - Tolerances completed by 5.4.2.4 5.4.2.1 Rated capacity limiters - Operating requirements completed by 5.4.2.4 5.5.1 Rated capacity indicators - Operating requirements completed by 5.4.2.5.1 5.6.1 Motions limiters completed by 5.4.2.6; 5.4.2.7; 5.4.2.8; 5.4.2.9 5.7 Indicators completed by 5.4.2.4.2; 5.4.2.10
5.4.2.2 For limiters at least the following categories in accordance with EN 954-1:1996, Clause 6 shall be used: a)
For control circuits built with electromechanical components: category 1; b)
For control circuits built with electronic components: category 2. 5.4.2.3 A rated capacity limiter/indicator shall operate according to the installed jib length. SIST EN 14439:2007+A2:2009
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 (E) 15 5.4.2.4 Rated capacity limiters - Operating requirements 5.4.2.4.1 General The rated capacity limiter shall operate at a load a
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