SIST EN 14487-1:2006
(Main)Sprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity
Sprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity
This European Standard is applicable to sprayed concrete, to be used for repair and upgrading of structures, for new structures and for strengthening of ground.
This European Standard covers:
3 classification related to consistence of wet mix;
3 environmental exposure classes; young, hardened and fibre reinforced concrete;
3 requirements for constituent materials, for concrete composition and for basic mix, for fresh and hardened concrete and all types of fibre reinforced sprayed concrete;
3 specification for designed and prescribed mixes;
3 conformity.
This European Standard is applicable to wet mix as well as dry mix sprayed concrete.
The substrates to which sprayed concrete can be applied include:
3 ground (rock and soil);
3 sprayed concrete;
3 different types of formwork;
3 structural components constituted of concrete, masonry and steel;
3 drainage materials;
3 insulating materials.
Additional or different requirements may be needed for applications not within this document, for instance-refractory uses.
Spritzbeton - Teil 1: Begriffe, Festlegungen und Konformität
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Spritzbeton, der zur Instandsetzung und für die Verbesserung von Tragwerken, für neue Tragwerke und für die Verfestigung des Bodens zu verwenden ist.
Diese Europäische Norm umfasst:
- Klassifikation nach der Konsistenz beim Nassspritzverfahren;
- Klassen für Umwelteinwirkungen; junger, Fest- und faserbewehrter Beton;
- Anforderungen an Ausgangsstoffe, Betonzusammensetzung und die Grundmischung und an Frisch- und Festbeton und alle arten von faserbewehrtem Spritzbeton;
- Festlegung für Entwurfsmischungen und vorgeschriebene Mischungen;
- Konformität.
Dieses Dokument ist auf das Nassspritzverfahren sowie auf das Trockenspritzverfahren anwendbar.
Die Untergründe, auf die Spritzbeton aufgebracht werden kann, umfassen:
- Boden (Fels- und Bodenmaterial);
- Spritzbeton;
- verschiedene Arten von Schalungen;
- Bauteile aus Beton, Mauerwerk und Stahl;
- Drainagewerkstoffe;
- Dämmstoffe.
Zusätzliche oder unterschiedliche Anforderungen können für Anwendungen erforderlich werden, die nicht in diesem Dokument aufgeführt sind, zum Beispiel feuerfeste Baustoffe.
Béton projeté - Partie 1: Définitions, spécifications et conformité
Le présent document s'applique au béton projeté destiné a la réparation et au renforcement de structures, aux structures neuves et au renforcement du sol.
Le présent document couvre :
- la classification selon la consistance du mélange mouillé ;
- les classes d'exposition environnementales ; béton jeune, durci et renforcé par des fibres ;
- les exigences relatives aux constituants, a la composition du béton et au mélange de base, au béton frais et durci et a tous les types de bétons projetés renforcés par des fibres ;
- la spécification des mélanges a propriétés spécifiées et spécifiés ;
- les exigences de conformité.
Le présent document s'applique au mélange mouillé comme au mélange sec de béton projeté.
Les supports sur lesquels du béton projeté peut etre appliqué sont notamment :
- le sol (roche et terre) ;
- le béton projeté ;
- les différents types de coffrages ;
- les composants structurels en béton, maçonnerie et acier ;
- les matériaux de drainage ;
- les matériaux d'isolation.
Il est possible que des exigences complémentaires ou différentes soient nécessaires pour les applications qui n'entrent pas dans le domaine d'application du présent document, par exemple l'application sur des matériaux réfractaires.
Brizgani beton – 1. del: Definicije, zahteve in skladnost
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Brizgani beton – 1. del: Definicije, zahteve in skladnostSpritzbeton - Teil 1: Begriffe, Festlegungen und KonformitätBéton projeté - Partie 1: Définitions, spécifications et conformitéSprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity91.100.30Beton in betonski izdelkiConcrete and concrete products01.040.91Gradbeni materiali in gradnja (Slovarji)Construction materials and building (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14487-1:2005SIST EN 14487-1:2006en01-maj-2006SIST EN 14487-1:2006SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14487-1November 2005ICS 91.100.30; 01.040.91 English VersionSprayed concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications andconformityBéton projeté - Partie 1: Définitions, spécifications etconformitéSpritzbeton - Teil 1: Begriffe, Festlegungen und KonformitätThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 May 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14487-1:2005: ESIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Classification.11 5 Requirements for sprayed concrete.14 6 Specification for sprayed concrete.19 7 Assessment of conformity.20 Annex A (informative)
Guidelines for definitions, specification and conformity for sprayed concrete.30 Bibligraphy.36
SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14487-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2007. This European Standard has taken EN 206-1 as a basis. Some clauses which apply to sprayed concrete refer to EN 206-1 because of their importance. Other clauses have been modified to meet the specific requirements of sprayed concrete. This European Standard is only operable with product standards for constituent materials (i.e. cement, aggregates, additions, admixtures, fibres and mixing water) and related test methods for sprayed concrete which form the package defined below. For this reason, the latest date of withdrawal of national standards (DOW) conflicting with this document is determined by TC 104 to be December 2007. EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 450-1, Fly ash for concrete - Part 1: Definition, specifications and conformity criteria EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete — Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Concrete admixtures — Definitions and requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 934-5, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 5: Admixtures for sprayed concrete — Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 934-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 6: Sampling, conformity control and evaluation of conformity EN 13263-1, Silica fume for concrete — Part 1: Definitions, requirements and conformity criteria. EN 14487-2, Sprayed concrete — Part 2: Execution EN 14488 (all parts), Testing sprayed concrete According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard will be applied in Europe under different climatic and geographical conditions, different levels of protection and under different, well-established, regional traditions and experience. Classes for concrete properties have been introduced to cover this situation. Where such general solutions were not possible, the relevant clauses contain permission for the application of EN 206-1 or other standards valid in place. This European Standard incorporates rules for the use of constituent materials that are covered by European Standards. Other by-products of industrial processes, recycled materials etc. are in current use based on local experience. Until European specifications for these materials are available, this document will not provide rules for their use, but instead refers to the recommendations given in EN 206-1 to apply national standards or provisions valid in the place of use of the concrete. This European Standard defines tasks for the specifier, producer and user. For example, the specifier is responsible for the specification of concrete, Clauses 5 and 6 and the producer is responsible for conformity and production control, Clause 7. The user is responsible for placing the concrete in the structure. In practice there may be several different parties specifying requirements at various stages of the design and construction process e.g. the client, the designer, the contractor, the concreting sub-contractor. Each is responsible for passing the specified requirements, together with any additional requirements, to the next party in the chain until they reach the producer. In the terms of this document, this final compilation is known as the "specification". Further explanations and guidance on the application of this document are given in Annex A. SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 5
1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to sprayed concrete, to be used for repair and upgrading of structures, for new structures and for strengthening of ground. This European Standard covers: classification related to consistence of wet mix; environmental exposure classes; young, hardened and fibre reinforced concrete; requirements for constituent materials, for concrete composition and for basic mix, for fresh and hardened concrete and all types of fibre reinforced sprayed concrete; specification for designed and prescribed mixes; conformity. This European Standard is applicable to wet mix as well as dry mix sprayed concrete. The substrates to which sprayed concrete can be applied include: ground (rock and soil); sprayed concrete; different types of formwork; structural components constituted of concrete, masonry and steel; drainage materials; insulating materials. Additional or different requirements may be needed for applications not within this document, for instance-refractory uses. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 206-1:2000, Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution — Sieving method EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Concrete admixtures — Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 934-5:2005, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 5: Admixtures for sprayed concrete — Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 6 EN 934-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 6: Sampling, conformity control and evaluation of conformity EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete — Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete EN 1504-3, Products and systems for protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 3: Structural and non structural repair EN 1542, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures – Test methods – Measurement of bond strength by pull-off EN 12350-2, Testing fresh concrete — Part 2: Slump test EN 12350-3, Testing fresh concrete — Part 3: Vebe test EN 12350-5, Testing fresh concrete — Part 5: Flow table test EN 12350-6, Testing fresh concrete — Part 6: Density EN 12390-5, Testing hardened concrete — Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens EN 12390-7, Testing hardened concrete — Part 7: Density of hardened concrete EN 12390-8, Testing hardened concrete — Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures — Part 1: Cored specimens - Testing, examining and testing in compression
EN 12504-2, Testing concrete in structures — Part 2: Non-destructive testing — Determination of rebound number EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete EN 13412, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods — Determination of modulus of elasticity in compression prEN 14487-2, Sprayed concrete — Part 2: Execution EN 14488-1, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 1: Sampling fresh and hardened concrete prEN 14488-2, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 2: Compressive strength of young sprayed concrete prEN 14488-3, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 3: Flexural strengths (first peak, ultimate and residual) of fibre reinforced beam specimens EN 14488-4, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 4: Bond strength of cores by direct tension prEN 14488-5, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 5: Determination of energy absorption capacity of fibre reinforced slab specimens prEN 14488-7, Testing sprayed concrete — Part 7: Fibre content of fibre reinforced concrete prEN 14889-1:2004, Fibres for concrete — Part 1: Steel fibres — Definition, specification and conformity prEN 14889-2:2004, Fibres for concrete — Part 2: Polymer fibres — Definition, specification and conformity ISO 758, Liquid chemical products for industrial use — Determination of density at 20 degrees C ISO 6782, Aggregates for concrete — Determination of bulk density SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 7 ISO 6784, Concrete — Determination of static modulus of elasticity in compression 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Mix component 3.1.1 Admixtures 3.1.1.1 admixtures for basic mix material added during the mixing process of concrete in a quantity not more than 5 % by mass of the cement content of the concrete, to modify the properties of the mix in the fresh and /or hardened state [EN 934-2] 3.1.1.2 Admixtures for projection 3.1.1.2.1 sprayed concrete set accelerating admixture admixture to develop very early setting and very early hardening of the sprayed concrete differing from set accelerating admixtures as defined and specified in EN 934-2 [EN 934-5] 3.1.1.2.2 non-alkaline sprayed concrete set accelerating admixture sprayed concrete set accelerating admixture according to 3.2.2 of EN 934-5:2005 with an alkali content not exceeding 1 % by mass of the admixture [EN 934-5] 3.1.2 additions finely divided material used in concrete in order to improve certain properties or to achieve special properties [EN 206-1] 3.1.3 cement a finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water, forms a paste that sets and hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and which, after hardening, retains its strength and stability even under water [EN 206-1] 3.1.4 aggregate granular material used in construction. Aggregate may be natural, manufactured or re-cycled [EN 12620] 3.1.5 Fibres 3.1.5.1 steel fibres steel fibres are straight or deformed pieces of cold-drawn steel wire, straight or deformed cut sheet fibres, melt extracted fibres, shaved cold drawn wire fibres and fibres milled from steel blocks which are suitable to be homogeneously mixed into concrete or mortar [prEN 14889-1] SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 8 3.1.5.2 polymer fibres polymer fibres can be straight or deformed pieces of extruded orientated and cut material which are suitable to be homogeneously mixed into concrete or mortar and which are not affected over time by the high pH of concrete [prEN 14889-2] 3.2 Product 3.2.1 basic mix mixture of cement, aggregates and any other constituents as fed into the spraying machine, excluding any component added at the nozzle. The basic mix may be dry or wet. The basic mix may also contain: additions; admixtures; fibres; water 3.2.2 Dry mix 3.2.2.1 factory blended dry mix basic mix with a minimum moisture content not exceeding 0,5 % by mass for the dry process (excluding any component at the nozzle) 3.2.2.2 site batched dry mix basic mix with a maximum moisture content of the aggregate not exceeding 6 % by mass for the dry process 3.2.3 fibre reinforced sprayed concrete sprayed concrete, including reinforcing fibres to improve certain properties of concrete 3.2.4 fresh sprayed concrete concrete prior to setting 3.2.5 rebound part of material that, having been sprayed through the nozzle, does not adhere to the surface of application 3.2.6 reference sprayed concrete sprayed concrete which does not contain admixtures for projection NOTE This definition cannot be applied to sprayed concrete produced with factory blended dry mix containing admixtures for projection, in this case the admixture compatibility should be controlled according to EN 934-5. The reference sprayed concrete is usually used as reference material for the evaluation of mechanical properties changes with time of sprayed concrete (e.g. strength losses) 3.2.7 sprayed concrete concrete produced with basic mix and projected pneumatically from a nozzle into place to produce a dense homogeneous mass by its own momentum SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 9 3.2.8 wet mix basic mix to be used in the wet process 3.2.9 young sprayed concrete sprayed concrete up to an age of 24 h 3.3 Process 3.3.1 curing measures to reduce harmful evaporation from concrete 3.3.2 dense flow conveying pump conveying of a wet mix to the nozzle, where it is pneumatically projected and compacted by adding high-pressure air. Dense flow conveying can only be used in the wet process 3.3.3 dry process method of spraying a dry mix (the necessary amount of additional water is added in the nozzle) 3.3.4 nozzle general term for the end of the conveying line, through which the mix is discharged. It consists of a mixing unit, into which – depending on the process – water, compressed air and/or admixtures are injected into the flow of the basic mix 3.3.5 thin flow conveying conveying of the basic mix through hoses or pipes in a continuous stream of high pressure air to the nozzle, where the force of the transportation is used to project and compact the mix 3.3.6 wet process method of spraying a wet mix with an established water/cement ratio 3.4 Properties 3.4.1 early age strength strength developed by young sprayed concrete 3.4.2 energy absorption capacity energy, in Joule, absorbed in loading a fibre reinforced plate, as described in prEN 14488-5 3.4.3 first peak flexural strength stress at the determined first peak load which fibre reinforced concrete withstands when subjected to a flexural test as specified in prEN 14488-3 3.4.4 open time time between mixing and latest possible spraying of the basic mix. It depends on type and quantity of cement, moisture content for the dry mix and temperature SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 10 3.4.5 residual strength the calculated stress in fibre reinforced concrete corresponding to a load in the load-deflection curve recorded during the flexural test as defined in prEN 14488-3 3.4.6 ultimate flexural strength stress corresponding to the maximum load which unreinforced or fibre reinforced concrete can withstand when subjected to a flexural test as specified in EN 12390-5 and prEN 14488-3 3.5 Execution 3.5.1 free-standing structure structure formed by spraying concrete against temporary or permanent formwork, which does not act compositely with the ground or an existing structure 3.5.2 repair replacement of inferior or deteriorated parts of concrete or masonry members 3.5.3 shadow effect phenomenon of a poorer concrete compaction or voids on the rear side, of for example, a reinforcement bar, which is being sprayed on from one side only 3.5.4 strengthening of ground formation of a temporary or permanent composite structure by spraying concrete against the ground 3.5.5 substrate surface to which the sprayed concrete is applied 3.5.6 surface improvement use of layer of sprayed concrete in order to improve the durability or the appearance of the structure 3.5.7 upgrading placing of additional sprayed concrete – with or without reinforcement – in order to increase the load bearing capacity or the integrity of the structure 3.6 Operative 3.6.1 nozzleman operator who controls and regulates the application of the sprayed concrete 3.7 Test and inspection 3.7.1 preliminary test for sprayed concrete test or tests to check how a sprayed concrete is composed in order to meet all the specified requirements in the fresh and hardened state 3.7.2 preconstruction test test or tests performed with the proposed personnel, materials, equipment and spray method which the contractor will carry out before the start of the spraying work to ensure that the specified properties are met SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 11 3.7.3 inspection activities carried out in order to check that execution is in accordance with the project specification 3.7.4 inspection category set of properties and their testing frequencies, selected according to the level of risk and the design life of the structure 3.7.5 assessment of conformity systematic examination of the extent to which a production process and a product are capable of fulfilling special requirements 4 Classification 4.1 Consistence of wet mix The classification of consistence of fresh concrete in this document is applicable for wet mixed concrete before being sprayed and consistence classes in EN 206-1 shall be applied. 4.2 Exposure classes The limiting values for composition of concrete related to the exposure classes given in EN 206-1, apply for sprayed concrete with the following exceptions: recommendation on minimum cement content in the basic mix shall be 300 kg/m3; recommendation on minimum air content is not applicable. NOTE Current available test methods for the measurement of air content do not give reliable data results for fresh sprayed concrete. 4.3 Young sprayed concrete Young sprayed concrete may also be classified according to the ranges of its significant early strength development. The classification is based on the average range of the typical hardening rate according to the chosen production process and requirements. When specified the strength development of the young sprayed concrete shall apply to the early strength classes J1, J2 or J3 according to Figure 1. Early strength class J1 is defined by at least 3 data points (compressive strength vs. time)1 falling in the area between the lines A and B, class J2 in the area between the lines B and C and class J3 above the line C. Early strength development shall be determined with the penetration needle method according to prEN 14488-2 and/or stud driving method according to prEN 14488-2, according to the expected strength range (see Table 1).
1 The recommended time intervals in which strength data have to be evaluated are: 0 h to 1 h; 4 h to
6 h; 12 h to 24 h. SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 12
Key X Minutes Y Compressive strength 2mmN in fG Z Hours
Figure 1 — Early strength classes of young sprayed concrete
Table 1 — Range of strength of young concrete determined by different test methods Method Range of strength of young concrete (MPa) prEN 14488-2 – Method A 0,2 to 1,2 prEN 14488-2 – Method B
2 to 16
NOTE Current available test methods are not able to cover the entire range of expected early strength. SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 13 4.4 Compressive strength The compressive strength of sprayed concrete is classified according to EN 206-1. 4.5 Fibre reinforced sprayed concrete 4.5.1 General Fibre reinforced sprayed concrete has additional and/or complementary properties, some of which are related to residual strength and energy absorption capacity. Informative guidance on the classification principles is given in Annex A. 4.5.2 Residual strength classes Classification of residual strength is made by specification of a strength level at a certain deformation range according to Table 2 and determined in accordance with prEN 14488-3 and denoted by combination of the symbols for the specified deformation range and strength level, e.g. Class D2S2 means that the residual strength shall exceed 2 MPa between 0,5 mm and 2 mm deflection. SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 14
Table 2 — Definitions of residual strength classes Deformation range Strength level (minimum strength, MPa) Deflection
mm S1 S2 S3 S4 D1 0,5 to 1 D2 0,5 to 2 D3 0,5 to 4 1 2 3 4
4.5.3 Energy absorption capacity If the energy absorption capacity of the material is specified, it shall be determined from a slab specimen tested in accordance to prEN 14488-5. Table 3 — Definitions of energy absorption classes Energy absorption class Energy absorption in J for deflection up to 25 mm E500 500 E700 700 E1000 1 000 5 Requirements for sprayed concrete 5.1 Requirements for constituent materials Constituent materials shall not contain harmful ingredients in such quantities as may be detrimental to the durability of the concrete, or cause corrosion of the reinforcement and shall be suitable for the intended use in sprayed concrete. Where general suitability is established for a constituent material, this does not indicate suitability in every situation and for every sprayed concrete composition. Only constituents with established suitability for the specified application shall be used in sprayed concrete conforming to this document. The general suitability of a constituent material is established when it conforms to a European Standard. Requirements for constituent materials are given in Table 4. SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 15 Table 4 — Requirements for constituent materials Constituent material Requirements Cement The suitability shall be established for cement conforming to EN 197-1 Aggregates The suitability for the specified application shall be established for aggregate conforming to EN 12620 or EN 13055-1 Mixing water Mixing water shall conform to EN 1008 Admixtures Admixtures shall conform to EN 934-2 and/or EN 934-5 and EN 934-6 Additions (including mineral fillers and pigments) Additions shall comply to requirements as specified in EN 206-1 Polymer modified sprayed concrete Polymer modified sprayed concrete used for repair shall conform to EN 1504-3. Fibres Fibres shall meet the requirements in prEN 14889-1 and prEN 14889-2
Alternatively, where either the European Standard does not cover the particular material or its intended performance, or the material deviates from an existing European Standard, the establishment of suitability may result from: European Technical Approval which refers specifically to the use of the material in sprayed concrete conforming to this document; relevant national standards or provisions valid in the place of use of the sprayed concrete, which refer specifically to the use of the material in sprayed concrete conforming to this document. 5.2 Requirements for sprayed concrete composition 5.2.1 General The concrete mix proportions shall be selected to satisfy all the performance criteria for fresh and hardened concrete including consistence (wet mix), density, strength, durability, protection of embedded steel against corrosion and taking into account the current process technique and quantity of rebound and dust when executing the spraying works. The requirements for concrete composition and properties related to exposure classes depend on the intended design life of the sprayed concrete structure and in conformity with EN 206-1. Values for the composition of the concrete refer to the concrete after spraying and have to take into account the influence of water and accelerator admixtures addition by the spraying process as well as the effect of rebound. The achievement of the design life depends on: the concrete being sprayed and cured in accordance with prEN 14487-2. the sprayed concrete having an adequate cover over reinforcement or required extra thickness. In case of steel fibre reinforcement, the cover requirement does not apply to the fibres; the sprayed concrete being used in the environment for which the particular limiting values apply; the anticipated maintenance without major repair.
SIST EN 14487-1:2006
EN 14487-1:2005 (E) 16 5.2.2 Concrete composition Table 5 — Requirements for concrete composition Component Requirement and Test Methods Use of cement The type of cement shall be specified, taking into account the influence of current temperature and heat evaluation on required workability time, the requirement on strength development and final strength as well as the current curing conditions. If required, it shall be checked by means of an appropriate method. For permanent structures, the environmental conditions to which the sprayed concrete is exposed shall be in accordance with EN 206-1, as well as precautions regarding resistance to alkali-silica reactions according to EN 206-1. Use of aggregates Precautions regarding resistance to alkali-silica reactions according to EN 206-1 shall be applied. Use of admixtures Limitations for the use of admixtures set out in EN 934-2 and prEN 934- 5 shall not be exceeded. Use of additions The use of additions for permanent structures shall conform to EN 206-1. Chloride content The chloride content of a sprayed concrete for permanent structure shall not exceed the values given in EN 206-1:2000, Table 10 for the specified class. For steel fibre reinforced sprayed concrete, values for steel reinforcement apply. Water/cement ratio For permanent structures, the environmental conditions to which the sprayed concrete is exposed shall be in accordance with EN 206-1. Where water/cement ratio of a wet mix is specified, it shall be calculated according to EN 206-1. For fibre reinforced concrete Use of fibres Steel and polymer fibres shall comply to prEN 14889-1 and prEN 14889-2, other types of fibres shall comply to with 5.1.1. Fibres shall be added in such a way that a homogenous distribution is obtained. 5.3 Requirements on the basic mix Table 6 — Requirements of wet basic mix Property Requirement and Test Methods Consistence of wet basic mix The consistence of wet basic mix shall be specified according to EN 206-1. The consistence of fibre reinforced sprayed concrete shall be determine
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